4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && IVSIZE > U32SIZE && IVSIZE > PTRSIZE
179 /* Work around a goof with alignment on our part. For sparc32 (and
180 possibly other architectures), if built with -Duse64bitint, the IV
181 op_pmoffset in struct pmop should be 8 byte aligned, but the slab
182 allocator is only providing 4 byte alignment. The real fix is to change
183 the IV to a type the same size as a pointer, such as size_t, but we
184 can't do that without breaking the ABI, which is a no-no in a maint
185 release. So instead, simply allocate struct pmop directly, which will be
187 if (sz == sizeof(struct pmop))
188 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
191 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
192 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
193 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
194 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
195 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
197 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
199 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
200 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
201 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
203 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
205 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
206 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
208 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
209 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
210 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
211 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
212 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
214 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
215 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
216 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
217 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
218 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
222 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
228 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
229 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
230 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
231 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
232 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
235 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
236 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
237 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
238 /* Remaining space is too small. */
240 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
242 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
243 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
245 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
246 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
247 slab->opslab_freed = o;
250 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
251 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
252 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
253 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
254 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
256 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
257 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
258 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
260 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
262 /* Create a new op slot */
263 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
264 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
265 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
266 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
267 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
269 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
275 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
277 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
279 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
281 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
283 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
284 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
285 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
286 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
287 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
288 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
293 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
297 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
299 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
301 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
302 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
303 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
304 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
305 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
306 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
307 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
310 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
314 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
317 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
318 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
321 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
325 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
328 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
331 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
333 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
335 PerlMemShared_free(op);
340 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
341 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
342 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
343 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
344 slab->opslab_freed = o;
345 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
346 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
350 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
353 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
357 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
364 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
369 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
370 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
371 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
372 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
374 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
376 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
377 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
379 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
380 perror("munmap failed");
384 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
390 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
395 size_t savestack_count = 0;
397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
400 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
402 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
403 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
404 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
410 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
411 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
412 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
415 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
416 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
417 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
419 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
421 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
422 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
429 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
431 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
434 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
435 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
448 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
451 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
455 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
457 result = --o->op_targ;
460 result = --o->op_targ;
466 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
467 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
469 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
470 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
471 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
472 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
474 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
476 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
478 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
480 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
481 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
485 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
487 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
491 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
496 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
500 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
506 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
508 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
509 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
510 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
515 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
517 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
518 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
523 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
527 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
532 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
536 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
537 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
542 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
544 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
546 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
547 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
551 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
553 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
556 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
557 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
561 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
566 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
567 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
568 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
570 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
573 /* "register" allocation */
576 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
580 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
584 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
585 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
588 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
590 assert(strlen(name) == len);
592 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
596 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
597 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
599 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
600 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
601 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
602 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
603 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
604 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
606 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
607 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
610 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
611 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
612 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
613 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
614 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
618 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
620 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
621 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
622 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
623 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
624 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
626 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
627 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
631 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
632 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
634 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
635 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
641 =for apidoc alloccopstash
643 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
644 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
651 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
653 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
654 bool found_slot = FALSE;
656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
658 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
660 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
661 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
662 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
663 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
666 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
667 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
668 off = PL_stashpadmax;
669 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
672 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
677 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
678 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
681 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
689 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
694 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
696 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
697 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
698 may be freed before their parents. */
699 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
703 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
714 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
717 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
718 we maintain for reset(). */
719 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
729 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
730 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
734 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
736 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
737 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
742 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
745 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
748 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
749 * numbers etc even after null() */
750 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
756 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
763 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
768 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
771 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
776 switch (o->op_type) {
777 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
778 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
779 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
784 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
788 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
789 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
796 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
801 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
802 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
803 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
804 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
805 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
806 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
807 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
808 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
809 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
810 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
811 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
812 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
813 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
814 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
815 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
818 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
820 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
821 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
822 * may still exist on the pad */
823 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
824 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
827 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
828 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
831 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
834 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
838 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
841 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
842 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
845 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
846 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
847 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
848 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
851 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
861 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
866 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
867 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
869 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
870 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
871 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
874 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
875 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
879 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
880 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
884 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
888 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
889 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
890 * exist on the pad */
891 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
894 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
900 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
901 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
902 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
904 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
905 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
906 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
907 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
908 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
909 * happen before sv_clean_all
912 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
913 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
914 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
915 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
916 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
920 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
921 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
927 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
928 pad_free(o->op_targ);
934 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
936 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
939 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
940 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
941 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
945 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
948 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
950 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
952 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
953 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
955 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
956 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
961 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
962 array[i] = array[--count];
963 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
964 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
965 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
968 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
981 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
985 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
986 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
988 switch (kid->op_type) {
993 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
995 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
996 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1002 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
1006 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
1008 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1012 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1013 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1014 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1018 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1021 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1026 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1029 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1033 /* Contextualizers */
1036 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1038 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1039 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1040 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1047 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1049 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1051 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1052 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1053 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1055 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1062 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1064 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1065 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1066 not be called directly.
1072 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1076 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1081 /* establish postfix order */
1082 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1085 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1088 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1089 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1090 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1104 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1106 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1108 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1115 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1119 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1121 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1122 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1123 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1124 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1126 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1127 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1128 of the conditional, not the last. */
1129 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1131 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1132 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1139 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1144 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1145 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1146 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1147 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1152 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1154 switch (o->op_type) {
1156 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1161 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1171 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1172 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1178 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1180 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1183 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1184 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1190 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1195 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1198 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1205 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1209 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1210 const char* useless = NULL;
1214 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1216 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1218 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1220 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1223 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1224 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1225 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1231 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1232 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1233 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1234 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1235 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1237 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1238 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1239 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1240 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1241 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1246 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1247 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1249 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1252 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1254 switch (o->op_type) {
1256 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1260 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1264 if (o->op_private == 4)
1289 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1308 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1309 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1314 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1339 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1340 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1341 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1345 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1346 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1348 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1350 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1352 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1356 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1357 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1358 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1361 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1365 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1366 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1370 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1377 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1378 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1379 useless = "a variable";
1384 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1385 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1387 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1388 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1389 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1390 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1392 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1393 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1394 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1395 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1397 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1398 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1399 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1400 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1401 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1402 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1403 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1404 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1405 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1406 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1407 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1410 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1412 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1414 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1415 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1417 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1418 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1419 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1422 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1423 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1426 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1429 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1433 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1434 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1438 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1439 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1443 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1444 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1448 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1449 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1454 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1457 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1460 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1461 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1464 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1466 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1469 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1470 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1471 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1474 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1477 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1479 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1482 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1483 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1484 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1486 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1487 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1488 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1500 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1501 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1502 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1504 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1506 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1508 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1509 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1518 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1523 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1530 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1541 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1552 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1553 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1554 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1555 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1558 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1559 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1566 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1568 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1570 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1577 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1582 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1583 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1584 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1585 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1590 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1591 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1593 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1596 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1598 switch (o->op_type) {
1601 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1606 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1614 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1616 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1617 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1618 return gen_constant_list(o);
1625 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1627 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1630 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1631 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1637 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1641 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1648 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1652 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1654 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1655 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1658 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1659 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1663 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1665 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1666 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1667 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1670 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1675 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1677 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1679 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1680 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1686 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1688 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1689 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1690 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1691 the tree thread-safe.
1696 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1698 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1701 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1709 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1711 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1713 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1715 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1716 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1718 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1719 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1720 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1721 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1722 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1723 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1724 finalize_op(prop_op);
1731 switch (o->op_type) {
1734 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1738 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1739 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1741 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1742 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1743 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1744 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1745 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1746 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1747 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1748 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1749 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1750 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1757 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1758 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1759 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1760 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1761 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1762 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1763 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1764 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1771 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1772 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1776 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1777 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1778 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1779 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1780 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1781 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1782 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1783 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1785 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1786 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1787 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1788 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1789 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1791 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1792 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1793 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1794 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1795 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1796 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1797 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1799 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1800 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1801 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1804 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1805 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1806 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1807 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1808 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1810 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1821 const char *key = NULL;
1824 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1827 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1828 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1829 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1830 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1831 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1832 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1833 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1835 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1839 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1842 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1843 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1845 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1846 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1848 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1849 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1851 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1852 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1853 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1854 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1855 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1856 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1857 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1869 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1871 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1872 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1873 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1874 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1876 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1877 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1879 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1880 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1881 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1883 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1884 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1885 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1887 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1893 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1894 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1896 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1897 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1899 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1900 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1901 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1902 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1903 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1904 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1906 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1907 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1908 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1909 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1910 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1911 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1912 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1913 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1920 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1921 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1928 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1930 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1936 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1938 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1939 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1940 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1941 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1944 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1945 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1946 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1948 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1949 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1955 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1959 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1962 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1965 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1966 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1971 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1973 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1975 switch (o->op_type) {
1980 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1984 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1985 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1986 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1987 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1988 poses, so we need it clear. */
1989 o->op_private &= ~1;
1990 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1991 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1992 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1995 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1996 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1997 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1998 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1999 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
2000 /* Potential lvalue context: */
2001 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
2004 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
2005 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
2008 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2009 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
2011 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
2012 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2013 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2014 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2016 while (kid->op_sibling)
2017 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2018 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2019 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2022 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2023 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2024 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2025 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2027 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2028 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2029 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2030 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2034 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2044 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2045 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2046 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2047 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2049 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2050 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2052 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2053 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2055 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2069 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2078 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2085 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2086 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2091 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2092 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2093 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2097 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2099 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2106 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2107 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2111 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2114 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2115 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2116 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2120 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2124 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2133 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2140 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2141 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2142 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2143 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2145 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2146 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2150 if (!type) /* local() */
2151 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2152 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2161 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2165 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2171 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2172 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2173 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2174 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2179 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2180 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2181 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2182 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2183 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2184 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2194 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2195 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2200 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2202 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2204 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2205 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2211 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2212 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2213 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2214 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2215 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2219 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2221 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2227 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2228 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2230 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2231 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2234 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2235 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2237 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2238 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2239 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2242 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2243 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2244 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2249 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2250 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2253 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2254 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2255 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2260 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2265 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2289 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2310 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2312 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2314 switch (o->op_type) {
2322 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2335 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2337 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2339 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2346 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2351 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2353 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2356 switch (o->op_type) {
2358 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2359 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2360 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2361 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2362 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2363 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2364 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2365 o->op_private &= ~1;
2367 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2368 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2369 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2371 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2377 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2378 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2381 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2382 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2383 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2386 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2387 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2388 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2390 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2397 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2400 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2401 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2402 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2408 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2413 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2415 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2419 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2420 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2421 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2422 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2424 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2434 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2436 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2446 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2451 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2453 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2454 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2455 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2457 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2458 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2460 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2464 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2466 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2467 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2468 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2469 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2470 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2477 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2480 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2482 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2484 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2485 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2487 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2488 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2490 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2491 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2493 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2494 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2495 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2496 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2498 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2503 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2506 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2507 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2509 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2514 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2515 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2516 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2518 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2519 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2520 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2521 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2522 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2523 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2525 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2526 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2529 /* Need package name for method call. */
2530 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2532 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2533 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2535 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2536 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2537 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2538 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2539 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2540 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2541 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2542 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2544 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2545 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2546 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2547 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2548 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2549 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2551 /* Combine the ops. */
2552 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2556 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2558 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2559 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2560 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2561 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2562 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2563 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2564 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2565 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2566 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2567 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2573 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2574 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2581 len = strlen(attrstr);
2585 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2587 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2588 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2589 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2590 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2591 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2595 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2596 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2597 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2598 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2599 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2600 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2601 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2606 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2610 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2614 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2618 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2619 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2623 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2625 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2626 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2628 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2630 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2632 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2633 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2634 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2636 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2638 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2640 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2641 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2642 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2643 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2644 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2645 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2646 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2649 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2652 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2655 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2657 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2659 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2661 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2664 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2667 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2668 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2670 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2671 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2673 stash = PL_curstash;
2674 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2676 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2677 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2679 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2684 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2688 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2690 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2692 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2693 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2695 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2705 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2707 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2708 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2709 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2712 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2713 which will mess up list assignment. */
2714 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2715 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2716 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2718 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2719 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2722 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2725 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2726 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2731 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2733 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2735 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2740 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2744 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2745 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2747 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2749 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2750 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2752 const char * const desc
2754 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2755 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2757 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2758 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2761 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2762 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2763 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2764 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2767 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2770 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2771 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2774 const char * const sample = (isary
2775 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2776 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2777 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2778 desc, sample, sample);
2782 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2783 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2784 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2786 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2789 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2790 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2792 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2793 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2794 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2796 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2797 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2798 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2799 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2800 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2802 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2804 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2807 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2808 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2809 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2810 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2811 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2812 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2813 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2816 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2817 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2819 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2821 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2825 return bind_match(type, left,
2826 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2830 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2834 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2838 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2840 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2841 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2842 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2843 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2844 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2845 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2852 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2856 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2857 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2858 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2859 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2861 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2863 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2864 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2865 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2866 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2869 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2870 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2872 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2877 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2883 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2885 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2886 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2887 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2888 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2895 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2898 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2900 pad_block_start(full);
2902 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2903 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2904 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2906 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2912 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2915 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2916 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2919 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2922 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2924 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2928 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2929 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2930 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2935 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2938 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2939 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2940 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2941 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2942 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2943 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2944 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2945 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2946 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2947 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2948 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2949 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2950 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2951 list of ops like this:
2975 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2976 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2977 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2978 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2979 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2980 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2981 if (kid == last) break;
2983 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2986 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2992 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2994 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2996 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2997 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
3003 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
3005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
3007 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
3014 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
3015 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
3016 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
3019 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3020 o->op_targ = offset;
3026 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3030 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3037 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3038 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3039 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3041 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3042 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3044 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3045 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3046 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3049 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3051 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3052 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3053 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3054 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3055 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3058 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3059 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3061 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3064 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3065 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3066 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3067 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3070 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3071 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3072 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3073 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3074 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3075 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3076 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3079 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3080 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3081 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3082 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3083 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3084 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3085 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3086 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3087 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3088 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3091 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3093 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3096 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3097 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3098 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3099 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3100 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3101 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3102 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3103 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3104 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3107 /* Register with debugger */
3109 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3113 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3115 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3122 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3126 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3128 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3129 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3130 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3137 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3138 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3139 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3141 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3144 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3145 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3149 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3150 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3153 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3155 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3161 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3162 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3163 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3165 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3167 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3177 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3178 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3179 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3184 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3188 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3190 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3191 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3196 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3197 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3199 I32 type = o->op_type;
3201 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3203 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3205 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3206 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3211 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3212 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3214 I32 type = o->op_type;
3216 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3218 /* integerize op. */
3219 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3222 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3225 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3226 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3227 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3233 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3238 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3243 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3244 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3248 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3250 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3265 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3266 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3270 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3271 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3274 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3275 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3277 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3278 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3279 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3286 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3289 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3290 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3292 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3293 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3294 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3296 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3298 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3304 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3305 old_next = o->op_next;
3309 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3310 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3312 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3313 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3314 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3315 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3316 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3317 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3318 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3319 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3326 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3327 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3329 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3330 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3331 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3334 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3337 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3338 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3343 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3344 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3346 o->op_next = old_next;
3350 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3351 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3352 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3353 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3354 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3355 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3358 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3359 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3360 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3362 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3363 delete_eval_scope();
3372 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3373 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3375 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3376 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3384 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3388 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3391 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3392 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3394 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3397 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3400 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3401 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3402 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3403 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3405 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3406 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3407 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3408 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3409 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3410 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3411 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3413 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3422 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3425 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3426 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3427 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3429 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3431 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3432 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3434 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3435 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3436 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3437 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3441 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3442 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3443 o->op_flags |= flags;
3445 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3446 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3449 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3453 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3456 /* List constructors */
3459 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3461 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3462 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3463 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3464 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3465 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3466 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3472 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3480 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3481 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3483 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3486 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3487 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3489 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3490 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3492 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3497 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3499 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3500 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3501 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3502 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3503 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3504 the other is returned unchanged.
3510 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3518 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3519 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3521 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3522 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3524 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3525 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3526 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3529 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3530 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3532 while (mp->mad_next)
3534 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3537 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3540 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3541 last->op_madprop = 0;
3544 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3550 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3552 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3553 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3554 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3555 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3556 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3557 the other is returned unchanged.
3563 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3571 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3572 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3573 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3574 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3575 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3576 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3579 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3580 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3581 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3583 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3584 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3586 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3590 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3598 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3601 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3602 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3603 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3605 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3610 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3614 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3616 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3621 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3626 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3628 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3629 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3630 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3637 /* faked up qw list? */
3639 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3640 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3647 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3648 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3649 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3650 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3652 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3666 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3667 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3677 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3686 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3687 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3688 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3689 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3691 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3698 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3701 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3707 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3716 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3717 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3718 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3719 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3721 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3728 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3731 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3735 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3736 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3742 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3760 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3764 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3768 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3789 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3791 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3793 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3797 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3799 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3802 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3803 mp->mad_type = type;
3805 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3810 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3812 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3816 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3817 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3818 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3819 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3823 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3826 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3827 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3830 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3833 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3836 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3842 =head1 Optree construction
3844 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3846 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3847 empty list expression.
3853 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3855 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3859 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3861 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3862 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3868 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3870 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3871 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3872 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3873 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3874 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3880 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3885 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3887 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3889 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3890 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3893 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3897 else if (!first && last)
3900 first->op_sibling = last;
3901 listop->op_first = first;
3902 listop->op_last = last;
3903 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3904 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3905 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3906 listop->op_first = pushop;
3907 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3909 listop->op_last = pushop;
3912 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3916 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3918 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3919 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3920 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3927 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3932 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3933 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3934 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3937 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3938 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3939 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3940 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3942 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3943 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3944 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3945 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3948 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3949 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3951 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3952 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3953 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3957 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3959 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3960 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3961 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3962 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3963 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3964 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3965 of the constructed op tree.
3971 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3976 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3977 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3978 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3981 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3982 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3983 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3984 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3985 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3986 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3987 || type == OP_NULL );
3990 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3991 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3992 first = force_list(first);
3994 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3995 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3996 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3997 unop->op_first = first;
3998 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3999 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4000 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
4004 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
4008 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
4010 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
4011 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
4012 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
4013 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
4014 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
4015 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
4016 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4022 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4027 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4028 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4030 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4033 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4035 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4036 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4037 binop->op_first = first;
4038 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4041 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4044 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4045 first->op_sibling = last;
4048 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4049 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4052 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4054 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4057 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4058 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4059 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4060 __attribute__pure__;
4061 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4063 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4065 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4067 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4069 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4075 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4078 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4081 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4082 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4084 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4087 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4088 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4094 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4095 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4096 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4099 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4101 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4104 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4107 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4109 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4110 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4112 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4113 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4127 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4128 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4131 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4135 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4138 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4140 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4144 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4145 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4146 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4147 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4151 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4154 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4156 transv = newSVpvs("");
4158 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4160 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4162 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4166 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4170 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4171 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4173 diff = val - nextmin;
4175 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4176 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4178 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4179 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4180 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4181 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4188 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4189 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4191 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4192 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4194 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4195 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4196 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4197 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4201 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4202 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4205 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4206 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4208 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4212 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4213 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4214 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4215 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4217 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4219 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4226 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4227 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4229 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4231 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4233 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4242 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4246 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4247 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4248 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4255 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4256 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4258 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4259 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4261 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4265 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4266 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4269 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4270 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4272 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4273 max = rfirst + diff;
4275 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4276 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4288 else if (max > 0xff)
4293 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4295 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4296 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4297 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4299 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4301 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4303 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4304 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4306 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4307 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4308 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4311 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4317 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4318 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4326 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4327 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4328 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4330 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4332 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4334 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4336 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4345 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4355 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4357 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4362 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4363 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4364 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4366 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4367 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4368 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4372 if (!rlen && !del) {
4375 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4377 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4378 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4380 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4382 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4383 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4385 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4391 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4392 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4399 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4400 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4401 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4402 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4406 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4408 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4409 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4419 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4421 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4422 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4423 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4429 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4434 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4436 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4437 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4438 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4439 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4440 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4442 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4443 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4444 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4445 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4447 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4448 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4449 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4451 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4453 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4454 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4455 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4457 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4458 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4459 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4461 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4462 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4468 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4469 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4470 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4471 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4472 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4473 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4475 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4477 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4479 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4480 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4481 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4483 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4484 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4485 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4486 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4490 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4493 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4494 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4495 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4498 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4499 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4500 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4501 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4502 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4504 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4505 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4506 * the new sub was created
4510 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4515 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4517 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4518 bool is_compiletime;
4521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4523 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4525 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4527 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4528 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4529 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4530 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4531 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4532 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4535 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4538 OP* const oe = expr;
4539 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4540 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4541 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4542 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4543 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4544 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4547 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4550 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4551 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4552 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4553 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4554 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4558 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4560 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4561 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4563 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4564 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4566 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4570 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4575 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4576 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4578 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4580 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4582 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4583 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4584 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4585 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4586 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4590 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4592 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4595 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4596 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4598 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4599 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4600 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4602 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4603 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4604 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4605 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4609 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4610 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4611 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4612 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4615 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4616 * the op_next chain */
4619 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4623 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4624 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4625 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4626 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4627 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4630 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4632 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4634 if (is_compiletime) {
4635 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4636 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4638 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4639 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4641 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4642 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4644 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4645 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4646 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4647 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4648 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4649 * regex was parsed */
4650 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4651 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4652 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4654 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4659 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4660 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4661 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4662 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4665 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4671 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4672 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4675 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4678 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4680 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4681 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4682 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4683 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4684 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4685 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4687 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4688 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4689 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4690 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4692 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4693 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4694 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4695 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4698 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4703 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4705 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4707 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4712 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4713 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4714 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4717 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4718 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4720 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4721 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4722 * preceding stacking ops;
4723 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4725 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4726 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4728 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4729 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4730 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4731 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4732 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4733 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4734 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4738 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4740 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4742 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4743 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4747 * ------ -------------------
4748 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4749 * pushmark (for entersub)
4750 * pushmark (for refgen)
4754 * regcreset regcreset
4756 * const("a") const("a")
4758 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4763 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4764 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4765 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4766 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4767 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4768 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4770 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4773 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4774 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4775 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4776 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4777 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4778 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4779 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4780 rcop->op_private = 0;
4782 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4784 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4785 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4787 /* establish postfix order */
4788 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4790 rcop->op_next = expr;
4791 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4794 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4795 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4798 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4804 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4805 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4806 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4808 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4809 the implicit do{}. */
4810 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4811 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4812 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4813 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4814 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4815 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4816 curop = kid->op_sibling;