3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %lx
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '%c' allowed only after types %s
59 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
60 after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
115 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
116 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
118 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a
119 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
123 =item Args must match #! line
125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a
137 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
143 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
145 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
151 or a hash or array slice, such as:
153 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
154 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
156 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
158 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
159 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
162 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
164 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
165 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
166 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
168 =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
170 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
171 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
172 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
173 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
174 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
175 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
177 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
179 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
180 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
182 =item assertion botched: %s
184 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
186 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
188 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
190 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
192 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
193 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
194 know which context to supply to the right side.
196 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running
198 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
199 thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
200 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
201 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
202 thread. See L<threads>.
204 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
206 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
207 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
209 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
211 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
212 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
213 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
219 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
221 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
222 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
225 bless $self, "$proto";
227 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
229 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
230 which is not in its key set.
232 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
234 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
235 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
237 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
239 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
240 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
241 outside any of those arenas.
243 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
245 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
246 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
247 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
248 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
250 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
252 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
253 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
254 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
255 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
258 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
260 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
262 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
264 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
265 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
266 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
267 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
268 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
269 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
272 =item Attempt to join self
274 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
275 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
276 to move the join() to some other thread.
278 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
280 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
281 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
282 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
283 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
284 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
287 =item Attempt to reload %s aborted.
289 (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to
290 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
291 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and
294 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
296 (W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You
297 can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index
298 of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example
300 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
303 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
305 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
306 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
307 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
309 =item Attribute "locked" is deprecated
311 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragam to modify the "locked"
312 attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is obsolete, has had no
313 effect since 5005 threads were removed, and will be removed in the next major
316 =item Attribute "unique" is deprecated
318 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragam to modify the "unique"
319 attribute on a array, hash or scalar reference. The :unique attribute has
320 had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and will be removed in the next major
323 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
325 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
326 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
327 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
328 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
330 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
332 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
333 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
334 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
336 =item Bad filehandle: %s
338 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
339 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
340 open(), or did it in another package.
342 =item Bad free() ignored
344 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
345 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
346 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
348 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
349 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
350 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
354 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
356 =item Badly placed ()'s
358 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
359 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
362 =item Bad name after %s::
364 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
365 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
374 $sym = "mypack::$var";
376 =item Bad realloc() ignored
378 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
379 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
380 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
382 =item Bad symbol for array
384 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
385 wasn't a symbol table entry.
387 =item Bad symbol for dirhandle
389 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
390 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
393 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
395 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
396 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
398 =item Bad symbol for hash
400 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
401 wasn't a symbol table entry.
403 =item Bareword found in conditional
405 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
406 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
407 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
411 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
414 use constant TYPO => 1;
415 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
417 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
419 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
421 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
422 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
423 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
425 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
427 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
428 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
429 you need to predeclare a package?
431 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
433 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
434 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
437 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
439 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
440 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
441 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
442 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
443 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
445 =item \1 better written as $1
447 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
448 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
449 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
450 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
451 there are more than 9 backreferences.
453 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
455 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
456 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
457 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
459 =item bind() on closed socket %s
461 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
462 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
464 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
466 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
467 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
469 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
471 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
473 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
475 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
478 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
480 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
481 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
482 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
484 =item Callback called exit
486 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
487 exited by calling exit.
489 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
491 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
492 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
493 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
494 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
495 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
496 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
497 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
498 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
500 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
502 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
503 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
504 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
505 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
507 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
509 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
510 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
512 =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
514 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference in it,
515 then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. The access
516 triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is no legal conversion
517 from that type of reference to a typeglob.
519 =item Cannot copy to %s in %s
521 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot
522 be directly assigned not.
524 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
526 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
527 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
528 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
530 =item Can't bless non-reference value
532 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
533 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
535 =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
537 (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than
538 a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>.
540 =item Can't "break" outside a given block
542 (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block.
544 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
546 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
547 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
548 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
550 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
552 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
553 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
554 like this will reproduce the error:
557 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
558 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
560 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
562 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
563 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
564 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
565 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
567 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
569 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
570 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
571 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
572 Something like this will reproduce the error:
575 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
576 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
578 =item Can't chdir to %s
580 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
581 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
583 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
585 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
588 =item Can't coerce array into hash
590 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
591 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
592 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
594 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
596 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
597 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
607 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
609 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
611 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
612 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
614 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
616 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
617 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
619 =item Can't "continue" outside a when block
621 (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when>
624 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
626 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
627 quotas or other plumbing problems.
629 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
631 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific
632 class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration. The semantics may be
633 extended for other types of variables in future.
635 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
637 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or
638 "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
640 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
642 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
643 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
645 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
647 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
650 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
652 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
653 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
654 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
656 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
658 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
659 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
660 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
662 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
664 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
665 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the
666 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
668 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
670 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
671 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
673 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
675 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
676 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
679 =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
681 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
682 or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or
683 little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
684 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
686 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
688 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
689 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
690 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
691 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
692 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
693 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
698 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
699 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
700 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
702 =item Can't execute %s
704 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
705 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
707 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
709 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
710 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
712 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
714 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
715 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property
716 (remember that the names of character properties consist only of
717 alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix?
719 =item Can't find label %s
721 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
722 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
724 =item Can't find %s on PATH
726 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
729 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
731 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
732 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
733 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
735 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
737 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
738 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
739 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
741 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
743 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
744 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
745 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
747 =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
749 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
750 example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
751 Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
752 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
753 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
758 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
761 =item Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
763 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be retried
766 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
768 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
769 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
770 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
771 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
772 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
773 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
774 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
775 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
776 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
777 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
778 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
779 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
780 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
781 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
782 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
784 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
786 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
787 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
789 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
791 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
792 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
794 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
796 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
797 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
799 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
801 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
802 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
803 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
804 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
806 =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
808 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
809 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such
810 as the reduce() function in List::Util).
812 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
814 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
817 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
819 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
820 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
821 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
822 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
824 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
826 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
827 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
828 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
829 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
830 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
831 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
833 =item Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
835 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to
836 attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric
839 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
841 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
842 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
843 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
844 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
845 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
846 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
849 =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
851 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
852 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
854 =item Can't load '%s' for module %s
856 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This
857 may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is
858 incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen
859 between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic
860 extension was built against an older version of the library that is
861 installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic
864 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
866 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
867 lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you want to
868 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
871 =item Can't localize through a reference
873 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
874 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
875 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
876 that $ref will still be a reference.
878 =item Can't locate %s
880 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
881 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
882 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
883 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
884 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
885 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
886 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
888 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
890 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
891 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
892 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
893 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
895 =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
897 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
898 for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
899 unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>.
901 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
903 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
904 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
905 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
907 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
909 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
910 doesn't seem to exist.
912 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
914 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
915 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
917 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
919 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
922 =item Can't modify %s in %s
924 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
925 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
927 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
929 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
932 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
934 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
935 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
937 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
939 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
942 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
944 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
945 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
946 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
947 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
948 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
949 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
951 =item Can't open %s: %s
953 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
954 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
955 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
956 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
959 =item Can't open a reference
961 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
962 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
966 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
967 open is not supported.
969 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
971 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
972 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
973 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
974 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
976 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
978 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
979 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
980 the command line for writing.
982 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
984 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
985 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
986 command line for reading.
988 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
990 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
991 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
992 the command line for writing.
994 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
996 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
997 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
1000 =item Can't open perl script%s
1002 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
1004 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
1005 shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
1006 you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
1008 =item Can't read CRTL environ
1010 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
1011 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
1012 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
1013 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
1016 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1018 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
1019 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1020 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
1021 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
1022 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
1023 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
1025 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1027 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1028 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
1029 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1031 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1033 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
1034 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1036 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1038 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
1039 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1041 =item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1043 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
1044 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
1045 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
1047 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1049 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1050 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
1053 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
1055 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
1056 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
1058 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1060 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
1061 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant
1062 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
1063 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
1066 =item Can't stat script "%s"
1068 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
1069 open already. Bizarre.
1071 =item Can't take log of %g
1073 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1074 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1075 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1078 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1080 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1081 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1082 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1084 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1086 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1087 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1088 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1092 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
1093 as the main Perl stack.
1095 =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1097 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1098 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1099 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1100 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1102 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1104 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1105 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1106 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1108 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1110 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1111 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1113 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1115 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1116 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1118 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1120 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1121 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1122 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1124 =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1126 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
1127 byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
1128 allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1130 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1132 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1135 =item Can't use global %s in "%s"
1137 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1138 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1139 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1140 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1143 =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1145 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
1146 that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
1147 For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
1148 is inside a big-endian group.
1150 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1152 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1153 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1154 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1155 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1158 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1160 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1161 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1162 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1164 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1166 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1167 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1169 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1171 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1172 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1173 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1175 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1177 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1178 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1179 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1180 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1181 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1184 =item Can't use "when" outside a topicalizer
1186 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach>
1187 loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1188 from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails,
1189 or if you use an explicit C<continue>.)
1191 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1193 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1194 references can be weakened.
1196 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1198 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1199 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1200 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1202 =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1208 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1209 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1210 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1214 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1217 =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1223 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects
1224 all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you
1227 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1229 =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1235 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1236 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1237 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1239 pack("c", $x & 255);
1241 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1244 =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1246 (W unpack) You tried something like
1248 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1250 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
1251 below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value
1252 modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1254 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1256 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1258 (W pack) You tried something like
1260 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1262 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1263 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1264 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1266 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1268 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1270 (W unpack) You tried something like
1272 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1274 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1275 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1276 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1278 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1280 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1282 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1284 =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1286 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really
1287 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1289 =item Code missing after '/'
1291 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
1292 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1294 =item %s: Command not found
1296 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1297 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1299 =item Compilation failed in require
1301 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1302 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1303 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1305 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1307 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1308 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1309 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1310 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1311 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1312 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1313 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1314 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1315 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1317 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1319 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1320 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()
1321 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1322 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1323 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1324 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1325 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1328 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1330 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1331 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1332 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1333 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1334 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1335 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1336 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1339 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1341 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1342 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1343 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1345 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s
1347 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1348 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1349 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1350 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1353 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1355 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find
1356 the character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you
1357 forgot to load the corresponding C<charnames> pragma?
1361 =item Constant is not %s reference
1363 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1364 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1365 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1366 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1367 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1369 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1371 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1372 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1373 commentary and workarounds.
1375 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1377 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1378 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1381 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1383 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1384 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1386 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1388 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1390 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1392 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1393 expression compiler gave it.
1395 =item corrupted regexp program
1397 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1400 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1402 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1404 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1406 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1407 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1410 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1412 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1413 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1414 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1415 which case it indicates something else.
1417 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary,
1418 setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value.
1420 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1422 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1423 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1424 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1426 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1428 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1429 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1430 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1432 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1434 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1435 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1437 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1439 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1440 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1441 that triggers this error.
1443 =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
1445 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>.
1446 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
1447 not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
1448 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
1449 static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
1450 relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
1451 declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
1453 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1457 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1459 Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use C<state> variables to
1460 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>):
1462 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1464 =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1466 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
1467 just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than
1468 to create a dangling reference.
1470 =item Did not produce a valid header
1474 =item %s did not return a true value
1476 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1477 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1478 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1479 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1481 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1483 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1486 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1488 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1489 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1492 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1494 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1495 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1500 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1501 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1503 =item Document contains no data
1507 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1509 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1510 define a C<$VERSION.>
1512 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1514 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1515 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1517 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1519 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1521 =item do_study: out of memory
1523 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1525 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1527 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
1528 "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1529 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1530 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1531 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1532 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1533 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1534 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1536 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1538 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1539 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1541 =item dump is not supported
1543 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1545 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1547 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1550 =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1552 (W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
1553 in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1555 =item elseif should be elsif
1557 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1558 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1559 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1560 unlikely to be what you want.
1564 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1565 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1566 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1568 =item entering effective %s failed
1570 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1571 effective uids or gids failed.
1573 =item %ENV is aliased to %s
1575 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
1576 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
1577 program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1579 =item Error converting file specification %s
1581 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1582 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1583 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1584 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1585 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1587 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1589 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1590 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1591 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1593 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'
1595 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1596 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1597 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1598 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1599 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1600 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1602 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1604 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1605 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1606 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1608 =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1610 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming
1611 any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed.
1613 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1616 =item Excessively long <> operator
1618 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1619 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1620 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1621 variable and glob that.
1623 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1625 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>.
1627 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
1629 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1631 =item Exiting eval via %s
1633 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1634 goto, or a loop control statement.
1636 =item Exiting format via %s
1638 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1639 goto, or a loop control statement.
1641 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1643 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1644 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1645 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1647 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1649 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1650 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1652 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1654 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1655 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1657 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1659 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1660 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1661 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1662 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1664 =item %s: Expression syntax
1666 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1667 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1669 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1671 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
1672 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
1673 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
1675 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1677 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1678 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1679 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the
1680 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1681 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1683 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1685 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1686 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1687 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1688 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1690 =item fcntl is not implemented
1692 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1693 PDP-11 or something?
1695 =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
1697 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which
1700 =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
1702 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
1703 which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
1704 a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
1707 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1709 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
1710 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
1711 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
1712 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1714 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1716 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
1717 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1718 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1719 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1720 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
1721 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
1723 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1725 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1726 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
1729 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1731 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1732 as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.
1734 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1736 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1737 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1738 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1741 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1743 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1744 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
1745 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1748 =item Format not terminated
1750 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1751 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1753 =item Format %s redefined
1755 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1758 no warnings 'redefine';
1759 eval "format NAME =...";
1762 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1772 (or something like that).
1774 =item %s found where operator expected
1776 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
1777 If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1778 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1779 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1781 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1783 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1785 =item gethostent not implemented
1787 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1788 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1791 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1793 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1794 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1796 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1798 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1799 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1801 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1803 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1804 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1805 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1807 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1809 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
1810 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"),
1811 declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say
1812 which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1814 =item glob failed (%s)
1816 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1817 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1818 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1819 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1820 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1821 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1822 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1823 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1824 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1825 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1826 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1828 =item Glob not terminated
1830 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1831 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1832 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1833 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1835 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1837 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1838 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1840 =item goto must have label
1842 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1843 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1845 =item ()-group starts with a count
1847 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is
1848 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
1849 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1851 =item %s had compilation errors.
1853 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1855 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1857 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1858 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1859 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1861 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1863 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1864 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1866 =item %s has too many errors
1868 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1869 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1871 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1873 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1874 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1875 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1877 =item Identifier too long
1879 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1880 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1881 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1882 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1884 =item Ignoring %s in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1886 (W) Named Unicode character escapes (\N{...}) may return multi-char
1887 or zero length sequences. When such an escape is used in a character class
1888 its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has
1889 been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
1891 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1893 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1895 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1897 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1898 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1901 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1903 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1904 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1905 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1906 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1907 to your Perl administrator.
1909 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1911 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal
1912 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
1914 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1916 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
1917 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
1919 =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
1921 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
1923 =item Illegal division by zero
1925 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1926 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1929 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1931 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1932 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1933 number stopped before the illegal character.
1935 =item Illegal modulus zero
1937 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1938 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1940 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1942 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1943 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1945 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1947 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1949 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1951 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1952 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1954 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
1956 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1957 following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>.
1959 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1961 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1962 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1963 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1965 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1967 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1968 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1969 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1972 =item (in cleanup) %s
1974 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1975 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1976 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1977 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1978 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1980 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1981 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
1983 =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s'
1985 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
1986 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3
1987 documentation in L<mro> for more information.
1989 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
1991 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
1992 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
1993 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
1995 =item Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1997 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input
1998 text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns
1999 either consume text or fail.
2001 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2004 =item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden
2006 (F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the initialization
2007 of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write C<state ($a) = 42> as
2008 C<state $a = 42> to change from list to scalar context. Constructions such
2009 as C<state (@a) = foo()> will be supported in a future perl release.
2011 =item Insecure dependency in %s
2013 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
2014 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
2015 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
2016 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
2017 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
2018 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
2019 L<perlsec> for more information.
2021 =item Insecure directory in %s
2023 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2024 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
2025 the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
2028 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2030 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2031 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
2032 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
2033 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
2034 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
2036 =item Integer overflow in %s number
2038 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
2039 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
2040 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
2041 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
2042 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
2043 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
2044 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
2045 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
2048 =item Integer overflow in format string for %s
2050 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()>
2051 or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of
2052 integers for your architecture.
2054 =item Integer overflow in version
2056 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
2057 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
2058 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
2059 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
2060 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
2063 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2065 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2066 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2069 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2071 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
2072 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
2073 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
2074 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
2075 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
2076 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
2078 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2080 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
2081 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2084 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
2086 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
2087 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
2088 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2089 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
2091 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
2093 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
2094 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2096 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
2098 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2099 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2101 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2103 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
2104 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
2106 =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2108 (W regexp) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256
2109 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2110 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma.
2111 The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead.
2112 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2113 escape was discovered.
2115 =item Invalid mro name: '%s'
2117 (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")>
2118 or C<use mro 'foo'>, where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2119 (Currently, the only valid ones are C<dfs> and C<c3>). See L<mro>.
2121 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2123 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
2124 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
2125 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
2126 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2127 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2129 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2131 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2132 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
2134 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2136 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2137 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2138 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2141 =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2143 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
2144 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2145 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2146 list was terminated too soon.
2148 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
2150 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
2151 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2152 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
2155 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
2157 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
2158 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed
2161 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
2163 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
2164 See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
2166 =item ioctl is not implemented
2168 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
2169 strange for a machine that supports C.
2171 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
2173 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
2174 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
2176 =item IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2178 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2179 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
2182 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2184 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2185 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2187 =item $* is no longer supported
2189 (S deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
2190 been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In previous versions of perl the use of
2191 C<$*> enabled or disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2193 Instead of using C<$*> you should use the C</m> (and maybe C</s>) regexp
2194 modifiers. (In older versions: when C<$*> was set to a true value then all regular
2195 expressions behaved as if they were written using C</m>.)
2197 =item $# is no longer supported
2199 (S deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has
2200 been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the
2201 printf/sprintf functions instead.
2203 =item `%s' is not a code reference
2205 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
2206 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
2209 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type
2211 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
2214 =item junk on end of regexp
2216 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2218 =item Label not found for "last %s"
2220 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
2221 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2224 =item Label not found for "next %s"
2226 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
2227 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2230 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
2232 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
2233 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2236 =item leaving effective %s failed
2238 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
2239 effective uids or gids failed.
2241 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
2243 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
2244 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
2245 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2247 =item listen() on closed socket %s
2249 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
2250 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2253 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
2255 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
2256 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release.
2258 =item Lost precision when %s %f by 1
2260 (W) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one is too large
2261 for the underlying floating point representation to store accurately,
2262 hence the target of C<++> or C<--> is unchanged. Perl issues this warning
2263 because it has already switched from integers to floating point when values
2264 are too large for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient.
2265 You may wish to switch to using L<Math::BigInt> explicitly.
2267 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
2269 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
2270 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
2271 instead on the filehandle.)
2273 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
2275 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
2276 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
2277 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
2279 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
2281 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2282 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2284 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2286 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2287 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2289 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2291 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2298 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2299 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2300 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2301 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2303 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2305 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2306 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2307 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2308 when the function is called.
2310 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2312 (S utf8) (F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8
2313 encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on.
2315 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that
2316 you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy
2317 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8.
2319 If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte
2320 sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is
2321 set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error
2324 See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">.
2326 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2328 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2329 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2331 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
2333 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2334 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2336 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
2338 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2339 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2341 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
2343 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2344 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2346 =item Maximal count of pending signals (%d) exceeded
2348 (F) Perl aborted due to a too high number of signals pending. This
2349 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals
2350 too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from
2351 resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals
2352 safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.)
2354 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2356 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2357 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2358 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2361 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2363 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2364 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2367 =item % may not be used in pack
2369 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2370 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2371 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2373 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2375 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2376 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2378 =item Method %s not permitted
2382 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2384 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2385 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2386 ended earlier on the current line.
2388 =item Misplaced _ in number
2390 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2391 separate two digits.
2393 =item Missing argument to -%c
2395 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2396 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2398 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2400 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2401 double-quotish context.
2403 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2405 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2406 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2408 =item Missing command in piped open
2410 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2411 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2414 =item Missing control char name in \c
2416 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2419 =item Missing name in "my sub"
2421 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2422 they have a name with which they can be found.
2424 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2426 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2427 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2428 can vary from one line to the next.
2430 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2432 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2433 "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
2435 =item Missing right brace on %s
2437 (F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>.
2439 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
2441 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
2442 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
2445 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2447 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2448 "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
2449 the previous line just because you saw this message.
2451 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
2453 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2454 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2455 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2457 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2460 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
2462 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
2463 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
2466 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2467 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2470 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2472 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2473 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
2476 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2478 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2479 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2481 =item Module name must be constant
2483 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
2485 =item Module name required with -%c option
2487 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
2488 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
2489 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
2491 =item More than one argument to '%s' open
2493 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2494 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
2495 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
2496 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
2498 =item msg%s not implemented
2500 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2502 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2504 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
2505 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
2507 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2509 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
2510 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2511 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2513 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
2515 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
2518 =item "%s" variable %s can't be in a package
2520 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
2521 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
2522 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2524 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2526 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
2527 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
2528 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
2529 provided for this purpose.
2531 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
2532 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
2533 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
2534 will not trigger this warning.
2536 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
2538 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
2539 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2541 =item Negative length
2543 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2544 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2546 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2548 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
2549 greater than or equal to zero.
2551 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2553 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
2554 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
2555 expression about where the problem was discovered.
2557 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
2558 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
2560 =item %s never introduced
2562 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
2563 scope before it could possibly have been used.
2565 =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
2567 (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a
2568 real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
2571 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
2573 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
2574 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
2575 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
2576 securable. See L<perlsec>.
2578 =item No comma allowed after %s
2580 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
2581 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
2582 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2584 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2585 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
2586 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
2587 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
2588 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
2589 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
2590 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
2591 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
2592 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
2593 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
2594 this error was triggered?
2596 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
2598 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2599 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2600 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2602 =item No DB::DB routine defined
2604 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2605 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2606 module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
2609 =item No dbm on this machine
2611 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2612 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2614 =item No DB::sub routine defined
2616 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2617 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2618 module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning
2619 of each ordinary subroutine call.
2621 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
2623 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2625 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2627 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2628 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2629 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2631 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
2633 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2634 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2636 =item No input file after < on command line
2638 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2639 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2640 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2644 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2645 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2647 =item No next::method '%s' found for %s
2649 (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name
2650 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want
2651 it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method>
2652 or C<next::can>. See L<mro>.
2654 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2656 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2657 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2659 =item No output file after > on command line
2661 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2662 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2663 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2665 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2667 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2668 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2669 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2671 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2673 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2674 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2675 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2677 =item No Perl script found in input
2679 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2680 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2682 =item No setregid available
2684 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2687 =item No setreuid available
2689 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2692 =item No %s specified for -%c
2694 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2695 you haven't specified one.
2697 =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
2699 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable
2700 but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated
2701 package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma.
2703 =item No such class %s
2705 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration, but
2706 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
2708 =item No such hook: %s
2710 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl. Currently, Perl
2711 accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks
2713 =item No such pipe open
2715 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2716 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2717 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2719 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2721 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2722 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2723 names on your system.
2725 =item Not a CODE reference
2727 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2728 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2729 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2732 =item Not a format reference
2734 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2735 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2737 =item Not a GLOB reference
2739 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2740 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2741 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2742 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2744 =item Not a HASH reference
2746 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2747 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2748 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2750 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2752 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2753 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2754 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2756 =item Not a perl script
2758 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2759 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2762 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2764 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2765 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2766 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2768 =item Not a subroutine reference
2770 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2771 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2772 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2775 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2777 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2778 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2780 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2782 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2784 =item Not enough format arguments
2786 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2787 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2791 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2792 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2795 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2797 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2798 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2799 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2800 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2801 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2803 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
2805 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().
2806 Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
2807 select. See L<perlfunc/select>
2809 =item Null filename used
2811 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2812 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2814 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2816 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2819 =item Null picture in formline
2821 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2822 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2823 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2827 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2829 =item NULL regexp argument
2831 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2833 =item NULL regexp parameter
2835 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2837 =item Number too long
2839 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2840 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2841 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2842 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2845 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2847 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2848 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2851 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2853 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2854 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2855 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2857 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2859 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2861 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
2862 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2864 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2866 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2867 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2869 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2871 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2872 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2874 =item Offset outside string
2876 (F, W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
2877 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
2878 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
2879 take place when going past the end of the string when either
2880 C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened
2881 for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour
2884 =item %s() on unopened %s
2886 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2887 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2888 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2890 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2892 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2893 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2897 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2901 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2903 =item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file
2905 (W io deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to
2906 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle.
2907 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
2910 =item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
2912 (W io deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to
2913 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle.
2914 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
2917 =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s
2919 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2920 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2921 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2922 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2924 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2926 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2927 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2928 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2929 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2932 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2934 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2935 in the current lexical scope.
2937 =item Out of memory!
2939 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2940 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2941 no option but to exit immediately.
2943 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
2944 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
2945 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
2946 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
2947 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
2949 =item Out of memory during %s extend
2951 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
2952 the largest possible memory allocation.
2954 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2956 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2957 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
2958 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
2959 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
2961 =item Out of memory during request for %s
2963 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2964 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2967 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
2968 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
2969 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
2970 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
2971 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
2972 where the failed request happened.
2974 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
2976 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
2977 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
2978 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
2980 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
2982 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
2983 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
2986 =item '.' outside of string in pack
2988 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
2989 position to before the start of the packed string being built.
2991 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
2993 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2994 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2996 =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
2998 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2999 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
3000 UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3002 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
3004 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
3005 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
3006 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
3007 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
3009 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
3011 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
3012 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3016 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
3017 page. See L<perlform>.
3021 (P) An internal error.
3023 =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s
3025 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
3026 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
3027 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
3028 enter this branch on this platform.
3030 =item panic: ck_grep
3032 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
3034 =item panic: ck_split
3036 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
3038 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
3040 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
3041 there are in the savestack.
3043 =item panic: del_backref
3045 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
3048 =item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
3050 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
3051 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
3052 an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
3053 a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
3057 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
3058 it wasn't an eval context.
3060 =item panic: do_subst
3062 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
3065 =item panic: do_trans_%s
3067 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
3070 =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
3072 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval>
3077 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
3081 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
3082 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
3084 =item panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash
3086 (P) The internal routine used to clear a hashes entries tried repeatedly,
3087 but each time something added more entries to the hash. Most likely the hash
3088 contains an object with a reference back to the hash and a destructor that
3089 adds a new object to the hash.
3091 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
3093 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
3095 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
3097 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
3099 =item panic: kid popen errno read
3101 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
3105 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
3106 it wasn't a block context.
3108 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
3110 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
3113 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
3115 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
3116 invalid enum on the top of it.
3118 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
3120 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
3121 references to an object.
3125 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
3127 =item panic: memory wrap
3129 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
3131 =item panic: pad_alloc
3133 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3134 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3136 =item panic: pad_free curpad
3138 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3139 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3141 =item panic: pad_free po
3143 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3145 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
3147 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3148 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3150 =item panic: pad_sv po
3152 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3154 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
3156 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3157 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3159 =item panic: pad_swipe po
3161 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3163 =item panic: pp_iter
3165 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
3167 =item panic: pp_match%s
3169 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
3172 =item panic: pp_split
3174 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
3176 =item panic: realloc
3178 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
3180 =item panic: restartop
3182 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
3183 didn't supply the destination.
3187 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
3188 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
3190 =item panic: scan_num
3192 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
3194 =item panic: sv_chop %s
3196 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the
3197 scalar's string buffer.
3199 =item panic: sv_insert
3201 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
3204 =item panic: top_env
3206 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
3208 =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
3210 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted
3213 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
3215 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
3216 to even) byte length.
3220 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
3222 =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3224 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without
3225 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before the
3226 nesting limit is exceeded.
3228 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3231 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
3233 (W parenthesis) You said something like
3239 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
3241 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma.
3243 =item C<-p> destination: %s
3245 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
3246 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
3247 redirected it with select().)
3249 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
3251 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
3252 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
3253 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
3255 =item Perl_my_%s() not available
3257 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
3258 so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
3259 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
3260 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3262 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
3264 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
3265 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
3266 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
3268 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3270 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3271 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
3273 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
3275 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
3277 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3279 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
3281 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3282 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
3285 are supported and installed on your system.
3286 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
3288 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
3289 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
3290 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
3291 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
3292 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
3293 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
3294 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix
3295 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
3296 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
3297 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
3299 =item pid %x not a child
3301 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
3302 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
3303 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
3305 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
3307 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
3309 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3311 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
3312 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
3313 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
3314 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
3315 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
3317 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
3319 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
3320 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
3322 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3324 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
3325 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
3326 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
3327 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
3328 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3329 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3331 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3333 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
3334 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
3335 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
3336 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
3337 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3338 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3340 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3342 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
3343 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
3344 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
3345 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
3346 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3347 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3349 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
3351 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
3352 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
3353 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
3354 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
3356 You probably wrote something like this:
3363 when you should have written this:
3370 If you really want comments, build your list the
3371 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
3375 'b', # another comment
3378 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
3380 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
3381 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
3382 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
3385 You probably wrote something like this:
3389 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
3390 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
3394 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
3396 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
3397 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
3398 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
3399 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
3401 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3403 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
3404 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3406 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3408 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
3409 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
3410 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
3411 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
3413 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3415 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
3416 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
3417 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
3418 to the array you apparently lost track of.
3420 =item Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
3422 (W ambiguous) You said something like C<m/$\/> in a regex.
3423 The regex C<m/foo$\s+bar/m> translates to: match the word 'foo', the output
3424 record separator (see L<perlvar/$\>) and the letter 's' (one time or more)
3425 followed by the word 'bar'.
3427 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using
3428 C<m/${\}/> (for example: C<m/foo${\}s+bar/>).
3430 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line
3431 followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use
3432 C<m/$(?)\/> (for example: C<m/foo$(?)\s+bar/>).
3434 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3436 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3440 is now misinterpreted as
3444 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
3445 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
3446 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
3449 =item Premature end of script headers
3453 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
3455 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3456 before now. Check your control flow.
3458 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
3460 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
3461 before now. Check your control flow.
3463 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3465 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3466 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3467 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3468 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
3471 =item Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
3473 (W syntax) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is useless,
3474 since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments.
3476 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3478 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
3479 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
3481 =item Prototype not terminated
3483 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3486 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3488 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
3489 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3490 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3492 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3494 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
3495 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3496 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3498 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3500 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
3501 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
3502 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
3503 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
3504 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
3506 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3509 =item Range iterator outside integer range
3511 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
3512 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
3513 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
3514 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3516 =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3518 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really
3519 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3521 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
3523 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
3524 before now. Check your control flow.
3526 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
3528 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3530 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
3532 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3534 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
3536 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3538 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
3540 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
3543 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
3545 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
3546 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
3547 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3549 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3551 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl
3552 believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a
3553 crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth.
3555 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3557 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
3558 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
3561 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
3563 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
3564 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
3565 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
3566 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
3568 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3569 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3570 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3571 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3573 =item Reference is already weak
3575 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
3576 Doing so has no effect.
3578 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3580 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
3581 a reference count of other than 1.
3583 =item Reference to invalid group 0
3585 (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer to
3586 capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers (normal
3587 backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative
3588 backreferences), but using 0 does not make sense.
3590 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3592 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
3593 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
3594 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
3595 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
3597 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3600 =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3602 (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there are
3603 not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the expression before
3604 where the C<\g{-7}> was located.
3606 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3609 =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3611 (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular
3612 expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses such
3613 as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<(?<NAME>...). Check if the name has been spelled
3614 correctly both in the backreference and the declaration.
3616 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3619 =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3621 (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The
3622 most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside
3623 of the C<....> part.
3625 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3628 =item regexp memory corruption
3630 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3631 expression compiler gave it.
3633 =item Regexp out of space
3635 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
3638 =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)
3640 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
3641 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
3642 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>.
3644 =item Replacement list is longer than search list
3646 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
3647 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
3650 =item Reversed %s= operator
3652 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
3653 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
3655 =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3657 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed or not
3658 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3660 =item Runaway format
3662 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
3663 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
3664 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
3665 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
3666 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
3668 =item Scalars leaked: %d
3670 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3671 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3672 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
3673 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3675 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3677 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3678 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
3679 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
3680 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3681 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3682 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3683 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3685 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3686 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
3687 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3690 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3692 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
3693 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
3694 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
3695 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3696 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3697 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3698 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3700 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
3701 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
3702 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3705 =item Search pattern not terminated
3707 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3708 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3709 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
3711 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
3712 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
3713 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
3714 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
3716 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
3718 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
3721 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
3722 C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
3723 parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
3724 the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
3726 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3728 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3729 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3731 =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3733 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not
3734 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3736 =item select not implemented
3738 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3740 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3742 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
3743 the current implementation.
3745 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
3747 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
3748 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
3750 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3752 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
3753 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3755 =item sem%s not implemented
3757 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3759 =item send() on closed socket %s
3761 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3762 before now. Check your control flow.
3764 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3766 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE
3767 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3770 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3772 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
3773 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3774 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3776 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3778 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
3779 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3780 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3782 =item Sequence \\%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3784 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape
3785 sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written.
3787 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3789 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3790 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in
3791 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3794 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3796 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
3797 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
3798 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3801 =item 500 Server error
3807 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
3808 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
3809 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
3810 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
3811 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
3812 produce a valid header".
3814 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
3816 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
3817 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
3818 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
3819 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
3820 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
3821 Please see the following for more information:
3823 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3824 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3825 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3827 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
3829 =item setegid() not implemented
3831 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
3832 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3835 =item seteuid() not implemented
3837 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
3838 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3841 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
3843 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3844 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
3847 =item setrgid() not implemented
3849 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
3850 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3853 =item setruid() not implemented
3855 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
3856 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3859 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3861 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
3862 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3863 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
3865 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3867 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3868 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3870 =item Setuid script not plain file
3872 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,
3873 but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
3875 =item shm%s not implemented
3877 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3879 =item !=~ should be !~
3881 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
3882 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
3883 operators: probably not what you intended.
3885 =item <> should be quotes
3887 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3890 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3892 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3893 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3894 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3895 probably not what you had in mind.
3897 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3899 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3902 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3904 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3905 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3907 =item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
3909 (F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not
3910 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure for
3913 =item sort is now a reserved word
3915 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3916 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3918 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
3920 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
3921 it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
3922 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3924 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3926 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3927 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3929 =item splice() offset past end of array
3931 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
3932 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end
3933 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try
3934 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See
3939 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3940 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
3941 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
3943 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
3945 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
3946 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
3947 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
3948 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
3951 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3953 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
3954 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3956 =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
3958 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
3959 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
3960 C<can> may break this.
3962 =item Subroutine %s redefined
3964 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
3967 no warnings 'redefine';
3968 eval "sub name { ... }";
3971 =item Substitution loop
3973 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
3974 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
3975 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
3976 L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">.
3978 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
3980 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3981 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3982 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3984 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
3986 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3987 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3988 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3990 =item substr outside of string
3992 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
3993 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
3994 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
3995 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
3996 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
3998 =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
4000 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually
4001 inferior to its current type.
4003 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4005 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
4006 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
4007 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
4008 clustering parentheses:
4010 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
4012 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4013 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4015 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4017 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
4018 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
4019 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4021 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
4023 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
4024 and effective uids or gids.
4028 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
4032 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
4034 A keyword is misspelled.
4035 A semicolon is missing.
4037 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
4038 An opening or closing brace is missing.
4039 A closing quote is missing.
4041 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
4042 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
4043 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
4044 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
4045 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
4046 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
4047 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
4048 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
4049 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
4052 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
4054 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
4055 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
4058 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
4060 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
4061 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
4062 or "my $var" or "our $var".
4064 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
4066 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4068 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
4070 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
4072 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
4074 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
4075 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
4076 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
4077 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
4079 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
4081 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4082 before now. Check your control flow.
4084 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
4086 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
4087 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
4089 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
4091 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
4092 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
4094 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
4096 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
4097 was either never opened or has since been closed.
4099 =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4101 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really
4102 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4104 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
4106 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
4107 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
4116 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
4117 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
4119 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
4121 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
4122 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
4123 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
4124 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
4127 =item The %s function is unimplemented
4129 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
4130 to the probings of Configure.
4132 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
4134 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
4135 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
4136 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
4139 =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
4141 (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations.
4143 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
4145 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
4147 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
4148 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
4149 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
4150 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
4151 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
4152 target of the change to
4153 %ENV which produced the warning.
4155 =item thread failed to start: %s
4157 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
4159 =item times not implemented
4161 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
4162 suspect you're not running on Unix.
4164 =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
4166 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
4167 B<-T> option (or the B<-t> option), but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
4168 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
4169 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
4172 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
4173 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
4174 editing the #! line so that the B<-%c> option is a part of Perl's first
4175 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -%c> to C<perl -%c -n>.
4177 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
4178 B<-%c> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -%c scriptname>.
4180 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
4182 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
4183 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
4184 specified an illegal mapping.
4185 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
4187 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
4189 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
4191 =item Too few args to syscall
4193 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
4194 system call to call, silly dilly.
4196 =item Too late for "-%s" option
4198 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
4199 B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. This is an error because those options
4200 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
4202 =item Too late to run %s block
4204 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
4205 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
4206 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
4207 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
4210 =item Too many args to syscall
4212 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
4214 =item Too many arguments for %s
4216 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
4220 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4221 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4225 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4226 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4228 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
4230 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
4231 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
4233 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
4235 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
4236 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
4237 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
4239 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
4241 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
4242 y/// or y[][] construct.
4244 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
4246 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
4247 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
4249 =item truncate not implemented
4251 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
4252 Configure knows about.
4254 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
4256 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
4257 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
4258 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
4259 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
4261 =item umask not implemented
4263 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
4264 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
4266 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
4268 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
4270 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
4272 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4273 many execution contexts were entered and left.
4275 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
4277 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4278 many values were temporarily localized.
4280 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
4282 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4283 many blocks were entered and left.
4285 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
4287 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4288 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
4290 =item Undefined format "%s" called
4292 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4293 another package? See L<perlform>.
4295 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
4297 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
4298 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4300 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
4302 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
4303 since been undefined.
4305 =item Undefined subroutine called
4307 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
4308 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
4310 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
4312 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
4313 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4315 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
4317 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4318 another package? See L<perlform>.
4320 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
4322 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
4323 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
4326 =item %s: Undefined variable
4328 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4329 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4331 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
4333 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
4334 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
4336 =item Unicode character %s is illegal
4338 (W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by
4339 the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know
4340 what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4342 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
4344 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
4347 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
4349 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
4350 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
4351 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
4353 =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
4355 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
4356 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
4357 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
4358 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
4359 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
4360 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
4362 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
4364 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
4365 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
4366 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
4367 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
4369 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
4371 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
4373 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4375 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
4376 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
4377 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the
4378 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the
4379 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number
4382 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4383 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4385 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
4387 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4388 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4390 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x
4392 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4393 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4395 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
4397 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
4398 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
4400 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module
4401 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module
4403 =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4405 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier
4406 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
4407 L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns.
4411 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4413 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
4414 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
4415 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
4416 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4418 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4420 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
4421 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
4422 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4423 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4425 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
4427 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
4428 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
4429 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
4430 you were last editing.
4432 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
4434 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
4435 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
4436 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
4439 =item Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
4441 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
4442 in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you tried
4443 to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
4445 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4447 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4448 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
4449 understood literally.
4450 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4451 escape was discovered.
4453 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
4455 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4456 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
4458 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4460 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4461 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
4462 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4463 escape was discovered.
4465 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
4467 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
4468 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
4471 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
4473 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
4474 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
4475 bad switch on your behalf.)
4477 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
4479 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
4480 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
4481 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
4483 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
4485 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
4487 =item Unsupported function %s
4489 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
4490 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
4492 =item Unsupported function fork
4494 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
4496 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
4497 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
4498 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
4500 =item Unsupported script encoding %s
4502 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
4503 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
4505 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
4507 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
4508 least that's what Configure thought.
4510 =item Unterminated attribute list
4512 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
4513 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
4514 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
4515 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
4517 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4519 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
4520 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
4521 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
4522 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
4524 =item Unterminated compressed integer
4526 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4527 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4528 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4530 =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4532 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate
4533 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
4535 =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4537 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate
4538 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
4540 =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4542 (F) You missed a close brace on a \g{..} pattern (group reference) in
4543 a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry.
4545 =item Unterminated <> operator
4547 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
4548 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
4549 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
4550 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
4552 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4554 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
4555 still valid when C<untie> was called.
4557 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
4559 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
4560 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
4562 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
4564 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
4565 See L<Win32> for more information.
4567 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4569 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
4570 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4572 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4576 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4578 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4579 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4581 =item Useless localization of %s
4583 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
4584 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
4585 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
4587 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4589 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
4590 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4592 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4596 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4598 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4599 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4601 =item Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
4603 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
4604 same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information
4605 about the /d modifier.
4607 =item Useless use of %s in void context
4609 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
4610 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
4611 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
4612 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
4613 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
4614 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
4619 when you meant to say
4621 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4623 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
4624 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
4629 when you should have said
4633 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
4634 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
4635 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
4636 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
4637 L<perlref> for more on this.
4639 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
4640 since they are often used in statements like
4642 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
4644 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4647 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
4649 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
4651 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
4653 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4657 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4659 =item Useless use of %s with no values
4661 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
4662 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
4663 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
4664 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
4665 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
4666 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
4668 =item "use" not allowed in expression
4670 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
4671 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
4673 =item Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated
4675 (D deprecated) The C<$[> variable (index of the first element in an array)
4676 is deprecated. See L<perlvar/"$[">.
4678 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4680 (D deprecated, W syntax) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted
4681 form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
4683 =item Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated
4685 (D deprecated, W syntax) The values you give to a format should be
4686 separated by commas, not just aligned on a line.
4688 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4690 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4691 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4692 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4695 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
4696 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4698 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4700 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4701 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4703 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4705 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
4706 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
4707 used. (This may change in the future.)
4709 =item Use of freed value in iteration
4711 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
4712 This error is typically caused by code like the following:
4715 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
4717 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
4718 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
4719 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
4720 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
4722 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4724 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
4725 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4727 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4729 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
4730 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
4731 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
4733 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
4735 (D deprecated, W syntax) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you
4736 clobber a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results
4737 of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
4739 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4741 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
4742 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
4743 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
4744 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
4747 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
4748 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
4749 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
4750 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
4753 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4754 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
4755 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
4756 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
4759 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
4760 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
4761 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
4763 =item Use of octal value above 377 is deprecated
4765 (D deprecated, W regexp) There is a constant in the regular expression whose
4766 value is interpeted by Perl as octal and larger than 377 (255 decimal, 0xFF
4767 hex). Perl may take this to mean different things depending on the rest of
4768 the regular expression. If you meant such an octal value, convert it to
4769 hexadecimal and use C<\xHH> or C<\x{HH}> instead. If you meant to have
4770 part of it mean a backreference, use C<\g> for that. See L<perlre>.
4772 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
4774 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
4775 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
4777 =item Use of %s is deprecated
4779 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
4780 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
4781 old way has bad side effects.
4783 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s
4785 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
4786 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
4787 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
4789 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4791 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
4792 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
4793 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
4796 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
4798 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
4799 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
4800 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
4802 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
4803 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
4804 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification
4805 operators and then you assumably know what you are doing.
4807 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4809 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4810 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
4811 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
4812 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
4813 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
4814 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
4816 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4818 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
4819 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
4820 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
4821 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
4823 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
4825 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4826 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
4827 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
4829 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the
4830 name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot
4831 do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value
4832 in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation
4833 displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your
4834 program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that "
4835 . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator,
4836 even though there is no C<.> in your program.
4838 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4840 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4841 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4842 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will
4843 be removed in a future version.
4845 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4847 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4848 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4849 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be
4850 removed in a future version.
4852 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s
4854 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4855 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4856 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of
4857 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl
4858 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal
4859 character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off
4860 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4862 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4864 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
4865 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
4866 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
4867 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
4868 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the