4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
179 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
180 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
181 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
182 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
184 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
186 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
187 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
188 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
190 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
192 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
193 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
195 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
196 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
197 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
198 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
199 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
201 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
202 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
203 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
204 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
205 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
209 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
215 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
216 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
217 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
218 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
219 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
222 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
223 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
224 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
225 /* Remaining space is too small. */
227 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
229 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
230 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
232 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
233 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
234 slab->opslab_freed = o;
237 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
238 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
239 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
240 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
241 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
243 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
244 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
245 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
247 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
249 /* Create a new op slot */
250 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
251 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
252 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
253 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
254 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
256 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
264 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
268 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
269 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
270 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
271 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
272 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
273 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
274 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
275 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
280 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
284 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
286 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
288 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
289 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
290 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
291 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
292 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
293 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
294 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
297 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
301 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
304 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
305 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
308 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
312 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
315 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
318 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
320 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
322 PerlMemShared_free(op);
327 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
328 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
329 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
330 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
331 slab->opslab_freed = o;
332 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
333 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
337 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
344 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
351 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
356 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
357 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
358 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
359 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
361 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
363 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
364 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
366 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
367 perror("munmap failed");
371 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
377 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
382 size_t savestack_count = 0;
384 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
387 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
389 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
390 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
391 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
397 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
398 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
399 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
402 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
403 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
404 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
406 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
408 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
409 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
416 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
418 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
421 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
422 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
435 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
442 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
444 result = --o->op_targ;
447 result = --o->op_targ;
453 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
454 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
456 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
457 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
458 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
459 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
461 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
463 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
465 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
467 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
468 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
472 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
474 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
478 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
483 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
487 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
493 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
495 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
496 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
497 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
502 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
505 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
510 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
514 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
519 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
523 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
524 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
529 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
531 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
533 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
534 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
538 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
540 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
543 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
544 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
548 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
550 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
553 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
554 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
555 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
557 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
560 /* "register" allocation */
563 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
567 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
569 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
571 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
572 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
575 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
577 assert(strlen(name) == len);
579 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
583 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
584 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
586 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
587 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
588 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
589 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
590 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
591 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
593 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
594 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
597 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
598 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
599 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
600 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
601 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
605 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
607 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
608 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
609 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
610 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
611 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
613 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
614 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
618 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
619 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
621 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
622 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
628 =for apidoc alloccopstash
630 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
631 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
638 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
640 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
641 bool found_slot = FALSE;
643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
645 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
647 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
648 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
649 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
650 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
653 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
654 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
655 off = PL_stashpadmax;
656 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
659 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
664 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
665 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
668 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
676 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
681 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
683 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
684 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
685 may be freed before their parents. */
686 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
690 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
701 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
704 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
705 we maintain for reset(). */
706 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
716 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
717 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
721 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
723 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
724 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
729 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
732 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
734 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
735 * numbers etc even after null() */
736 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
742 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
749 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
757 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
762 switch (o->op_type) {
763 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
764 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
765 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
770 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
774 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
775 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
782 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
787 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
788 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
789 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
790 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
791 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
792 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
793 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
794 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
795 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
796 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
797 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
798 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
799 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
800 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
801 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
804 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
806 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
807 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
808 * may still exist on the pad */
809 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
810 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
813 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
814 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
817 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
820 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
824 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
827 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
828 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
831 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
832 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
833 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
834 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
837 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
847 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
852 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
853 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
855 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
856 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
857 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
860 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
861 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
865 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
866 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
870 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
874 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
875 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
876 * exist on the pad */
877 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
880 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
886 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
887 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
888 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
890 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
891 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
892 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
893 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
894 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
895 * happen before sv_clean_all
898 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
899 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
900 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
901 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
902 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
906 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
907 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
913 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
914 pad_free(o->op_targ);
920 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
925 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
926 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
927 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
928 if (PL_curcop == cop)
933 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
936 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
938 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
940 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
941 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
943 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
944 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
949 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
950 array[i] = array[--count];
951 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
952 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
953 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
956 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
969 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
971 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
973 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
974 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
976 switch (kid->op_type) {
981 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
983 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
984 kid = kid->op_sibling;
990 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
996 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1000 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1001 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1002 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1006 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1009 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1014 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1017 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1021 /* Contextualizers */
1024 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1026 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1027 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1028 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1035 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1037 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1039 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1040 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1041 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1043 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1050 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1052 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1053 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1054 not be called directly.
1060 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1064 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1069 /* establish postfix order */
1070 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1073 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1076 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1077 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1078 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1092 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1094 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1096 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1103 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1107 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1109 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1110 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1111 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1112 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1114 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1115 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1116 of the conditional, not the last. */
1117 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1119 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1120 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1127 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1132 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1133 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1134 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1135 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1140 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1142 switch (o->op_type) {
1144 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1149 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1159 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1160 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1166 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1168 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1171 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1172 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1178 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1183 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1186 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1193 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1197 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1198 const char* useless = NULL;
1202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1204 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1206 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1208 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1211 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1212 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1213 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1219 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1220 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1221 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1222 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1223 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1225 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1226 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1227 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1228 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1229 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1234 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1235 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1237 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1240 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1242 switch (o->op_type) {
1244 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1248 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1252 if (o->op_private == 4)
1277 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1296 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1297 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1302 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1327 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1328 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1329 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1333 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1334 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1336 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1338 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1340 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1344 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1345 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1346 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1349 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1353 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1354 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1358 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1365 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1366 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1367 useless = "a variable";
1372 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1373 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1375 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1376 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1377 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1378 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1380 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1381 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1382 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1383 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1385 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1386 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1388 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1390 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
1391 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1393 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1394 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1395 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1397 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1398 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1401 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1404 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1408 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1409 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1413 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1414 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1418 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1419 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1423 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1424 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1429 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1432 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1435 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1436 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1439 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1441 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1444 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1445 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1446 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1449 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1452 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1454 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1457 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1458 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1459 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1461 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1462 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1463 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1475 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1476 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1477 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1479 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1481 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1483 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1484 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1493 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1498 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1505 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1516 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1527 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1528 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1529 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1530 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1533 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1534 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1541 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1543 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1545 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1552 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1557 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1558 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1559 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1560 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1565 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1566 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1568 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1571 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1573 switch (o->op_type) {
1576 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1581 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1589 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1591 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1592 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1593 return gen_constant_list(o);
1600 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1602 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1605 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1606 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1612 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1616 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1623 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1627 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1629 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1630 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1633 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1634 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1638 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1640 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1641 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1642 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1645 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1650 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1652 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1654 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1655 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1661 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1663 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1664 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1665 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1666 the tree thread-safe.
1671 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1673 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1676 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1684 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1686 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1688 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1690 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1691 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1693 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1694 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1695 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1696 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1697 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1698 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1699 finalize_op(prop_op);
1706 switch (o->op_type) {
1709 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1713 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1714 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1716 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1717 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1718 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1719 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1720 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1721 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1722 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1723 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1724 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1725 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1732 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1733 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1734 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1735 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1736 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1737 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1738 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1739 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1746 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1747 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1751 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1752 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1753 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1754 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1755 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1756 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVf_READONLY);
1757 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1758 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1759 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1760 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1761 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1762 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1763 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1765 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1766 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1767 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1770 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1771 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1772 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1773 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1775 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1786 const char *key = NULL;
1789 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1792 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1793 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1794 if ((!SvIsCOW_shared_hash(sv = *svp))
1795 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && SvOK(sv) && !SvROK(sv)) {
1796 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1797 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1798 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1800 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1804 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1807 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1808 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1810 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1811 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1813 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1814 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1816 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1817 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1818 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1819 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1820 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1821 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1822 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1834 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1836 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1837 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1838 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1839 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1841 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1842 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1844 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1845 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1846 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1848 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1849 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1850 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1852 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1858 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1859 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1861 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1862 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1864 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1865 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1866 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1867 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1868 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1869 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1871 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1872 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1873 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1874 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1875 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1876 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1877 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1878 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1885 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1886 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1893 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1895 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1901 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1903 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1904 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1905 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1906 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1909 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1910 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1911 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1913 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1914 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1920 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1924 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1927 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1930 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1931 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1936 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1938 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1940 switch (o->op_type) {
1945 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1949 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1950 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1951 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1952 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1953 poses, so we need it clear. */
1954 o->op_private &= ~1;
1955 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1956 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1957 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1960 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1961 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1962 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1963 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1964 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1965 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1966 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1969 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1970 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1973 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1974 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1976 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1977 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1978 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1979 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1981 while (kid->op_sibling)
1982 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1983 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1984 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1987 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1988 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1989 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1990 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1992 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1993 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1994 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1995 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1999 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2009 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2010 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2011 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2012 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2014 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2015 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2017 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2018 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2020 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2034 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2043 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2050 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2051 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2056 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2057 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2058 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2062 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2064 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2071 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2072 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2076 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2079 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2080 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2081 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2085 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2089 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2098 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2105 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2106 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2107 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2108 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2110 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2111 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2115 if (!type) /* local() */
2116 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2117 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2126 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2130 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2136 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2137 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2138 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2139 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2144 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2145 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2146 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2147 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2148 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2149 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2159 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2160 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2165 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2167 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2169 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2170 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2176 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2177 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2178 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2179 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2180 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2184 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2186 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2192 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2193 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2195 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2196 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2199 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2200 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2202 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2203 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2204 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2207 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2208 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2209 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2214 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2215 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2218 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2219 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2220 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2225 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2230 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2254 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2275 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2277 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2279 switch (o->op_type) {
2287 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2300 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2302 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2304 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2311 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2316 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2318 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2321 switch (o->op_type) {
2323 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2324 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2325 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2326 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2327 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2328 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2329 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2330 o->op_private &= ~1;
2332 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2333 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2334 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2336 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2342 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2343 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2346 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2347 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2348 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2351 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2352 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2353 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2355 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2362 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2365 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2366 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2367 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2373 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2378 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2380 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2384 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2385 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2386 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2387 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2389 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2399 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2401 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2411 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2416 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2418 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2419 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2420 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2422 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2423 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2425 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2429 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2431 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2432 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2433 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2434 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2435 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2442 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2445 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2447 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2449 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2450 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2452 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2453 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2455 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2456 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2458 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2459 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2460 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2461 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2463 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2468 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2471 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2472 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2474 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2479 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2480 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2481 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2483 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2484 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2485 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2486 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2487 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2488 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2490 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2491 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2494 /* Need package name for method call. */
2495 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2497 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2498 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2500 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2501 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2502 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2503 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2504 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2505 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2506 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2507 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2509 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2510 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2511 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2512 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2513 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2514 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2516 /* Combine the ops. */
2517 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2521 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2523 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2524 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2525 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2526 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2527 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2528 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2529 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2530 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2531 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2532 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2538 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2539 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2543 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2546 len = strlen(attrstr);
2550 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2552 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2553 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2554 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2555 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2556 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2560 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2561 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2562 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2563 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2564 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2565 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2566 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2571 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2575 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2579 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2583 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2584 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2588 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2590 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2591 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2593 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2595 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2597 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2598 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2599 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2601 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2603 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2605 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2606 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2607 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2608 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2609 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2610 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2611 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2614 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2617 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2620 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2622 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2624 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2626 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2629 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2632 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2633 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2635 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2636 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2638 stash = PL_curstash;
2639 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2641 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2642 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2644 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2649 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2653 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2655 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2657 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2658 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2660 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2670 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2672 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2673 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2674 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2677 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2678 which will mess up list assignment. */
2679 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2680 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2681 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2683 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2684 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2687 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2690 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2691 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2696 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2698 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2700 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2705 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2709 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2710 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2714 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2715 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2717 const char * const desc
2719 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2720 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2722 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2723 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2726 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2727 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2728 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2729 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2732 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2735 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2736 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2739 const char * const sample = (isary
2740 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2741 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2742 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2743 desc, sample, sample);
2747 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2748 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2749 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2751 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2754 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2755 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2757 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2758 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2759 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2761 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2762 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2763 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2764 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2765 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2767 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2769 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2772 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2773 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2774 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2775 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2776 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2777 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2778 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2781 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2782 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2784 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2786 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2790 return bind_match(type, left,
2791 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2795 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2799 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2803 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2805 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2806 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2807 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2808 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2809 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2810 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2817 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2821 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2822 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2823 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2824 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2826 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2828 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2829 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2830 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2831 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2834 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2835 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2837 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2842 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2848 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2850 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2851 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2852 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2853 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2860 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2863 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2865 pad_block_start(full);
2867 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2868 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2869 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2871 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2877 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2880 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2881 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2884 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2888 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2892 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2893 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2894 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2899 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2902 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2903 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2904 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2905 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2906 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2907 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2908 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2909 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2910 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2911 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2912 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2913 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2914 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2915 list of ops like this:
2939 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2940 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2941 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2942 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2943 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2944 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2945 if (kid == last) break;
2947 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2950 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2956 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2958 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2960 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2961 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2967 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2969 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2971 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2978 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2979 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2980 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2983 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2984 o->op_targ = offset;
2990 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3001 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3002 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3003 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3005 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3006 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3008 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3009 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3010 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3013 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3015 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3016 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3017 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3018 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3019 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3022 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3023 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3025 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3028 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3029 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3030 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3031 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3034 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3035 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3036 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3037 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3038 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3039 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3040 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3043 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3044 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3045 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3046 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3047 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3048 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3049 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3050 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3051 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3052 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3055 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3057 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3060 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3061 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3062 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3063 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3064 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3065 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3066 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3067 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3068 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3071 /* Register with debugger */
3073 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3077 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3079 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3086 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3090 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3092 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3093 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3094 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3101 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3102 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3103 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3105 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3108 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3109 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3113 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3114 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3117 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3119 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3125 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3126 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3127 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3129 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3131 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3141 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3142 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3143 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3148 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3150 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3152 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3154 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3155 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3160 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3161 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3163 I32 type = o->op_type;
3165 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3167 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3169 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3170 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3175 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3176 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3178 I32 type = o->op_type;
3180 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3182 /* integerize op. */
3183 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3186 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3189 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3190 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3191 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3197 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3202 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3207 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3208 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3212 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3214 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3229 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3230 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3234 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3235 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3238 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3239 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3241 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3242 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3243 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3250 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3253 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3254 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3256 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3257 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3258 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3260 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3262 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3268 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3269 old_next = o->op_next;
3273 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3274 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3276 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3277 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3278 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3279 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3280 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3281 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3282 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3283 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3290 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3291 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3293 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3294 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3295 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3298 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3301 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3302 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3305 else { assert(SvIMMORTAL(sv)); }
3308 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3309 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3311 o->op_next = old_next;
3315 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3316 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3317 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3318 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3319 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3320 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3323 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3324 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3325 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3327 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3328 delete_eval_scope();
3337 if (type == OP_STRINGIFY) SvPADTMP_off(sv);
3338 else if (!SvIMMORTAL(sv)) SvPADTMP_on(sv);
3339 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3340 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3343 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3344 newop->op_folded = 1;
3346 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3354 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3358 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3363 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3364 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3366 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3369 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3372 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3373 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3374 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3375 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3377 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3378 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3379 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3380 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3381 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3382 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3383 av = (AV *)SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--);
3384 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV *)av);
3385 if (AvFILLp(av) != -1)
3386 for (svp = AvARRAY(av) + AvFILLp(av); svp >= AvARRAY(av); --svp)
3389 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3398 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3401 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3402 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3403 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3405 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3407 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3408 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3410 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3411 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3412 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3413 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3417 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3418 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3419 o->op_flags |= flags;
3421 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3422 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3425 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3429 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3432 /* List constructors */
3435 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3437 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3438 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3439 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3440 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3441 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3442 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3448 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3456 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3457 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3459 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3462 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3463 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3465 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3466 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3468 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3473 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3475 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3476 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3477 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3478 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3479 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3480 the other is returned unchanged.
3486 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3494 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3495 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3497 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3498 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3500 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3501 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3502 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3505 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3506 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3508 while (mp->mad_next)
3510 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3513 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3516 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3517 last->op_madprop = 0;
3520 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3526 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3528 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3529 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3530 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3531 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3532 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3533 the other is returned unchanged.
3539 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3547 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3548 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3549 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3550 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3551 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3552 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3555 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3556 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3557 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3559 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3560 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3562 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3566 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3574 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3577 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3578 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3579 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3581 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3586 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3588 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3590 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3592 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3597 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3604 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3605 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3606 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3613 /* faked up qw list? */
3615 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3616 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3623 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3624 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3625 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3626 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3628 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3642 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3643 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3653 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3662 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3663 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3664 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3665 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3667 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3674 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3677 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3683 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3692 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3693 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3694 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3695 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3697 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3704 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3707 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3711 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3712 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3718 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3736 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3740 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3744 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3765 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3769 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3773 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3775 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3778 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3779 mp->mad_type = type;
3781 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3786 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3788 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3792 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3793 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3794 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3795 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3799 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3802 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3803 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3806 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3809 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3812 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3818 =head1 Optree construction
3820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3822 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3823 empty list expression.
3829 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3831 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3835 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3837 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3838 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3844 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3846 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3847 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3848 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3849 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3850 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3856 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3861 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3863 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3865 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3866 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3869 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3873 else if (!first && last)
3876 first->op_sibling = last;
3877 listop->op_first = first;
3878 listop->op_last = last;
3879 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3880 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3881 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3882 listop->op_first = pushop;
3883 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3885 listop->op_last = pushop;
3888 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3892 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3894 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3895 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3896 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3903 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3908 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3909 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3910 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3913 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3914 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3915 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3916 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3918 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3919 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3920 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3921 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3924 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3925 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3927 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3928 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3929 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3933 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3935 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3936 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3937 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3938 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3939 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3940 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3941 of the constructed op tree.
3947 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3952 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3953 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3954 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3957 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3958 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3959 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3960 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3961 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3962 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3963 || type == OP_NULL );
3966 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3967 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3968 first = force_list(first);
3970 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3971 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3972 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3973 unop->op_first = first;
3974 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3975 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3976 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3980 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3984 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3986 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3987 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3988 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3989 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3990 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3991 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3992 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3998 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4003 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4004 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4006 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4009 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4011 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4012 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4013 binop->op_first = first;
4014 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4017 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4020 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4021 first->op_sibling = last;
4024 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4025 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4028 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4030 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4033 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4034 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4035 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4036 __attribute__pure__;
4037 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4039 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4041 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4043 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4045 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4051 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4054 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4057 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4058 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4060 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4063 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4064 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4070 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4071 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4072 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4077 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4080 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4083 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4085 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4086 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4088 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4089 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4103 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4104 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4107 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4111 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4114 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4116 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4120 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4121 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4122 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4123 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4127 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4130 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4132 transv = newSVpvs("");
4134 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4136 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4138 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4142 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4146 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4147 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4149 diff = val - nextmin;
4151 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4152 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4154 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4155 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4156 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4157 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4164 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4165 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4167 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4168 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4170 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4171 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4172 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4173 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4177 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4178 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4181 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4182 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4184 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4188 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4189 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4190 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4191 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4193 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4195 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4202 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4203 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4205 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4207 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4209 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4218 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4222 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4223 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4224 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4231 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4232 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4234 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4235 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4237 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4241 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4242 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4245 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4246 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4248 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4249 max = rfirst + diff;
4251 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4252 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4264 else if (max > 0xff)
4269 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4271 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4272 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4273 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4275 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4277 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4279 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4280 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4282 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4283 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4284 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4287 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4293 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4294 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4302 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4303 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4304 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4306 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4308 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4310 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4312 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4321 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4331 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4333 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4338 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4339 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4340 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4342 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4343 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4344 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4348 if (!rlen && !del) {
4351 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4353 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4354 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4356 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4358 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4359 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4361 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4367 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4368 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4375 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4376 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4377 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4378 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4382 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4384 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4385 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4395 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4397 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4398 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4399 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4405 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4410 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4412 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4413 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4414 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4415 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4416 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4418 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4419 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4420 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4421 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4423 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4424 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4425 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4427 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4429 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4430 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4431 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4433 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4434 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4435 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4437 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4438 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4444 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4445 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4446 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4447 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4448 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4449 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4451 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4453 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4455 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4456 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4457 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4459 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4460 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4461 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4462 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4466 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4469 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4470 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4471 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4474 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4475 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4476 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4477 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4478 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4480 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4481 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4482 * the new sub was created
4486 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4491 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4493 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4494 bool is_compiletime;
4497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4499 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4501 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4503 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4504 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4505 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4506 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4507 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4508 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4511 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4514 OP* const oe = expr;
4515 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4516 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4517 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4518 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4519 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4520 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4523 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4526 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4527 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4528 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4529 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4530 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4534 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4536 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4537 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4539 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4540 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4542 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4546 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4551 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4552 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4554 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4556 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4558 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4559 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4560 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4561 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4562 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4566 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4568 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4571 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4572 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4574 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4575 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4576 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4578 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4579 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4580 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4581 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4585 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4586 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4587 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4588 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4591 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4592 * the op_next chain */
4595 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4599 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4600 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4601 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4602 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4603 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4606 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4608 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4610 if (is_compiletime) {
4611 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4612 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4614 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4615 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4617 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4618 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4620 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4621 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4622 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4623 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4624 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4625 * regex was parsed */
4626 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4627 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4628 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4630 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4635 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4636 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4637 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4638 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4641 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4647 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4648 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4651 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4654 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4656 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4657 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4658 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4659 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4660 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4661 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4663 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4664 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4665 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4666 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4668 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4669 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4670 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4671 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4674 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4679 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4681 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4683 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4688 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4689 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4690 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4693 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4694 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4696 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4697 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4698 * preceding stacking ops;
4699 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4701 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4702 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4704 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4705 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4706 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4707 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4708 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4709 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4710 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4714 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4716 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4718 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4719 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4723 * ------ -------------------
4724 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4725 * pushmark (for entersub)
4726 * pushmark (for refgen)
4730 * regcreset regcreset
4732 * const("a") const("a")
4734 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4739 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4740 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4741 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4742 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4743 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4744 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4746 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4749 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4750 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4751 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4752 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4753 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4754 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4755 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4756 rcop->op_private = 0;
4758 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4760 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4761 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4763 /* establish postfix order */
4764 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4766 rcop->op_next = expr;
4767 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4770 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4771 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4774 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4780 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4781 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4782 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4784 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4785 the implicit do{}. */
4786 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4787 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4788 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4789 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4790 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4791 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4792 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4794 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4796 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4797 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4798 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4799 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4800 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4801 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4802 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4803 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4804 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4805 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4813 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4814 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4816 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4817 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4820 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4821 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4822 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4823 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4824 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;