3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
25 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
26 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
27 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
29 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
30 Perl stores its global variables.
42 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
43 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
46 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
53 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
54 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
58 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
60 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
61 * this is a dirhandle.
63 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
64 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
65 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
68 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
70 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
71 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
74 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
75 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
76 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
77 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
78 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
79 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
93 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
95 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
96 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
100 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
155 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
156 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
157 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
161 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
171 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
173 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
174 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
175 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
181 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
182 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
194 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
195 temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
197 file = SvPVX(temp_sv);
198 len = SvCUR(temp_sv);
205 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
206 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
212 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
213 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
216 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
218 GV * const oldgv = CvGV(cv);
220 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
231 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
234 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) unshare_hek(hek);
236 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
237 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
242 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
243 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
246 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
250 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
253 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
255 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
256 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
260 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
261 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
263 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
267 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
269 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
270 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
271 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by SvSetSV. Converting
272 any scalar that is SvOK() may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
273 for perl's internal use.
275 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
277 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
279 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
280 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
281 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
282 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
283 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
285 C<flags> can be set to SVf_UTF8 if C<name> is a UTF8 string, or
286 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
287 GV_ADDMULTI flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
288 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
292 The old form of gv_init_pvn(). It does not work with UTF8 strings, as it
293 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
294 GV_ADDMULTI flag will be passed to gv_init_pvn().
296 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
298 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
299 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
301 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
303 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
304 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
310 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
314 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
315 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
318 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
322 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
325 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
329 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
332 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
333 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
334 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
335 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
337 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
338 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
339 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
340 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
342 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
343 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
346 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
347 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
353 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
354 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
362 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
363 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
365 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
373 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
378 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
381 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
382 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
383 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
384 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
388 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
389 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
390 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
392 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
393 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
394 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
395 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
396 from a reference to CV. */
397 if (exported_constant)
398 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
399 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
404 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
405 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
406 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
412 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
414 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
426 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
434 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
435 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
442 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
445 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
446 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
448 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
449 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
450 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
453 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
454 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
455 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
456 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
461 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
462 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
463 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
464 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
465 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
466 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp: case KEY_CORE :
467 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
468 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
469 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
470 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
471 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
472 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
473 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
474 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
475 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
476 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
477 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
478 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
479 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
480 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
481 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
482 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
485 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
486 case KEY_each : case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec : case KEY_exists:
492 case KEY_splice: case KEY_split:
495 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
502 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
507 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
508 oldparser = PL_parser;
509 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
510 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
511 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
513 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
517 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
519 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
522 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
524 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
526 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
528 (void)gv_fetchfile(file);
529 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
530 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
531 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
532 it this order as we need an op number before calling
534 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
536 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
540 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
545 : newSVpvn(name,len),
550 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv);
551 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
552 && opnum != OP_UNDEF)
553 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
555 PL_parser = oldparser;
556 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
557 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
559 opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
561 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
563 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
568 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
570 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
572 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
574 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
575 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
581 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
585 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
586 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
589 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
593 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
595 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
596 instead of a string/length pair.
602 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
604 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
605 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
609 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
611 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
612 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
613 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
615 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
616 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
617 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
618 up caching info for this glob.
620 The only significant values for C<flags> are GV_SUPER and SVf_UTF8.
622 GV_SUPER indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
626 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
627 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
628 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
629 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
634 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
637 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
644 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
645 GV* candidate = NULL;
649 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
652 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
654 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
656 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
658 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
659 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
665 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
667 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
672 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
673 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",name,hvname) );
675 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
677 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
678 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super) HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super = newHV();
679 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super;
681 else cachestash = stash;
683 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
684 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cachestash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,
690 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
691 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
692 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
693 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
694 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
698 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
699 SvREFCNT_dec(cand_cv);
700 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
705 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
706 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
709 else if (stash == cachestash
710 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
711 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
712 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
716 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
717 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
718 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
720 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
722 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
725 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
726 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
728 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
734 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
736 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
737 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
738 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
740 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
746 else candidate = *gvp;
749 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
750 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
751 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
753 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
754 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
755 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
757 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
758 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
759 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
760 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
761 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
762 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
768 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
769 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
770 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(NULL, name, len, 1, flags &~GV_SUPER);
772 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
773 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
774 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
775 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
776 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
777 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
778 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
784 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
785 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
786 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
793 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
795 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
798 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
800 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
801 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
807 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
811 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
812 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
815 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
819 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
821 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
822 instead of a string/length pair.
828 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
830 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
831 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
835 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
837 Same as gv_fetchmeth_pvn(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
838 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
840 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
841 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
842 of the result may be zero.
844 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
850 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
852 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
854 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
861 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
862 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
864 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
867 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
869 /* Have an autoload */
870 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
871 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
872 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
873 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
882 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
884 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
885 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
886 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
889 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
890 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
891 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
892 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
893 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
895 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
896 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
897 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
898 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
899 created via a side effect to do this.
901 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
902 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
903 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
904 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
910 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
912 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
914 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
918 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
923 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
926 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
930 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
932 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
933 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
936 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
939 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
943 const char *nsplit = NULL;
946 const char * const origname = name;
947 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
948 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
949 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
950 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
952 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
954 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
957 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
958 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
959 the error reporting code. */
962 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
967 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
973 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
974 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
975 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
977 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
978 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
980 else if ((nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
981 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
982 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
983 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8);
984 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
987 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
988 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
993 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
995 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
996 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
998 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
999 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1001 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1002 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1005 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1006 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1007 * require it first instead of croaking */
1008 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1009 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1010 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1011 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1012 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1014 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1015 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1020 "Can't locate object method \"%"SVf
1021 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1022 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, nend - name,
1023 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)),
1024 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1030 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1031 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1033 packnamesv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(error_report));
1037 "Can't locate object method \"%"SVf"\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1038 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1039 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, nend - name,
1040 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)),
1041 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1045 else if (autoload) {
1046 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1047 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1055 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1058 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1059 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1060 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1061 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1071 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1076 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1079 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1083 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1085 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1086 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1090 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1098 SV *packname = NULL;
1099 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1101 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1103 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1106 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1107 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1108 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1109 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1110 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1114 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1115 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1117 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, is_utf8)))
1121 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1125 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1128 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1129 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1131 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1132 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf"::%"SVf"() is deprecated",
1134 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)));
1137 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1138 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1139 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1141 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1142 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1143 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1144 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1145 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1148 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1149 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1150 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1151 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1152 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1153 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1154 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1156 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1157 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1159 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1160 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1161 SV *tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1163 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1166 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1167 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1168 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1170 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1172 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1173 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1175 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpsv);
1176 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1180 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1184 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1190 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1191 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1192 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1193 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1195 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1196 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1200 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1201 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1202 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1206 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1207 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1208 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1209 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1210 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1211 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1212 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1215 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1223 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1224 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1226 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1227 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1228 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1229 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1230 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1231 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1232 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1233 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1236 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1239 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1241 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1243 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1244 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1245 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1246 so save it. For the moment it's always
1248 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1254 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1255 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1257 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1259 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1260 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1261 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1262 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1263 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1266 else SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
1271 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1273 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1274 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1280 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1282 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1283 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1287 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1289 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1290 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1291 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1292 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1293 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
1296 Flags may be one of:
1305 The most important of which are probably GV_ADD and SVf_UTF8.
1311 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1317 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1319 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1321 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1324 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1325 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1326 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1327 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1328 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1329 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1333 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1334 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1336 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1337 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1339 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1340 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1341 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1342 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1343 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1349 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1351 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
1357 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1360 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
1362 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1364 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags | SvUTF8(sv));
1369 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1370 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1371 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1375 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1377 const char * const nambeg =
1378 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1379 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1380 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1384 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1388 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1392 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1397 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
1398 const svtype sv_type)
1401 const char *name = nambeg;
1405 const char *name_cursor;
1407 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
1408 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
1409 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
1410 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1411 bool addmg = !!(flags & GV_ADDMG);
1412 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1413 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1416 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
1418 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
1419 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
1424 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1425 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1429 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1430 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1431 ((*name_cursor == ':'
1432 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1433 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1436 stash = PL_defstash;
1437 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1440 len = name_cursor - name;
1441 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1443 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1448 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
1449 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
1450 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1451 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1454 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, key, is_utf8 ? -len : len, add);
1455 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1456 if (gv && gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1457 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1458 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, key, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1464 if (!gv || gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1467 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1469 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1470 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1471 if (GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash && len == 6
1472 && strnEQ(name, "CORE", 4))
1473 hv_name_set(stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1476 stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1478 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1479 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1480 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(gv))->xhv_name_count)
1481 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, gv, 1);
1484 else if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1485 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1488 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1490 name = name_cursor+1;
1491 if (name == name_end)
1493 ? gv : MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1496 len = name_cursor - name;
1498 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1502 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
1503 bool global = FALSE;
1511 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1512 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1513 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1517 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1522 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1523 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1527 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1528 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1529 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1533 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1534 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1541 stash = PL_defstash;
1542 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1543 stash = PL_curstash;
1544 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1545 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1546 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1547 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1548 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1549 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1550 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1552 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,0);
1554 *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1555 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1559 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1560 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1561 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1563 SV* namesv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1564 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1566 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1567 "Variable \"%c%"SVf"\" is not imported",
1568 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1569 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1573 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1574 "\t(Did you mean &%"SVf" instead?)\n", SVfARG(namesv)
1581 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1584 stash = PL_defstash;
1587 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1591 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1592 "Global symbol \"%s%"SVf"\" requires explicit package name",
1593 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1594 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1595 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1596 : ""), SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(name, len, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8)));
1598 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
1601 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1603 /* symbol table under destruction */
1612 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1615 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,add);
1616 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1617 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
1620 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
1621 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
1624 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1627 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
1628 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
1629 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
1631 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1632 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1633 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1635 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
1638 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1641 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
1645 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
1649 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
1655 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
1656 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
1657 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
1658 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1661 } else if (no_init) {
1664 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1669 /* Adding a new symbol.
1670 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1671 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1673 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1674 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1676 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1678 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
1679 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %"SVf" unexpectedly",
1680 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(nambeg, name_end-nambeg, SVs_TEMP | is_utf8 )));
1681 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1683 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)
1684 && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1687 /* set up magic where warranted */
1688 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1689 /* We only have to check for three names here: EXPORT, ISA
1690 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1691 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1693 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1696 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1700 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1701 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1704 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1710 goto add_magical_gv;
1713 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1714 /* Avoid null warning: */
1715 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1716 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1717 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1724 /* Nothing else to do.
1725 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1726 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1727 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1731 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1734 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1735 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1737 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1742 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1746 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1747 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1751 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1754 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1755 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1756 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1757 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1759 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1760 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1761 use didn't clean up fully because
1762 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1763 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1764 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1765 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1766 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1767 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1768 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1769 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1773 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1774 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1775 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1777 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1782 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1785 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1786 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1789 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1790 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1793 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1794 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1797 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1798 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1801 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1802 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1804 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1805 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1808 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1809 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1812 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1813 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1816 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1817 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1819 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1821 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1824 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1825 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1838 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1840 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1841 const char *end = name + len;
1842 while (--end > name) {
1843 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) goto add_magical_gv;
1850 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1851 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1857 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1858 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1859 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1860 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1862 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
1866 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
1867 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
1872 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1876 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1877 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1883 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1885 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1887 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1888 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1890 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1892 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1898 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1900 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1901 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1903 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1904 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1906 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1909 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1911 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1913 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1920 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
1921 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
1922 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1923 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1925 case '\010': /* $^H */
1927 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1928 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1932 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1933 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
1934 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1935 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1938 else goto magicalize;
1940 case '\023': /* $^S */
1942 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1967 case '\001': /* $^A */
1968 case '\003': /* $^C */
1969 case '\004': /* $^D */
1970 case '\005': /* $^E */
1971 case '\006': /* $^F */
1972 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1973 case '\016': /* $^N */
1974 case '\017': /* $^O */
1975 case '\020': /* $^P */
1976 case '\024': /* $^T */
1977 case '\027': /* $^W */
1979 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1982 case '\014': /* $^L */
1983 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
1986 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
1990 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
1991 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1992 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
1993 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1994 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1998 case '\026': /* $^V */
2000 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2001 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2002 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2010 if (GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv) || (
2011 GvSV(gv) && (SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)))
2013 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2014 else SvREFCNT_dec(gv), gv = NULL;
2016 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2021 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2024 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2026 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2028 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2030 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2031 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2032 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2033 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2037 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2038 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2042 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2044 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2046 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2048 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2052 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ const HV *stash)
2057 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2059 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
2061 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2063 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2066 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
2067 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2069 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
2070 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2072 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2073 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2075 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2076 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2079 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2081 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2083 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2084 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2086 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2087 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2088 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2089 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2090 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2097 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2100 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2102 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"SVf"::_GEN_%ld",
2103 SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(pack, strlen(pack),
2109 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2112 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2120 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2121 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2122 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2123 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
2132 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2138 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2140 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2141 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2142 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2143 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2146 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
2147 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2154 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2156 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2157 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2158 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2159 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2160 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2161 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2162 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2164 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2173 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2177 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2178 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2179 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2180 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2181 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_ "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n", hvname_hek));
2182 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek)
2183 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HEK_KEY(hvname_hek),
2184 (HEK_UTF8(hvname_hek) ? -HEK_LEN(hvname_hek) : HEK_LEN(hvname_hek)),
2192 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2198 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2200 if (--attempts == 0) {
2202 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2203 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2213 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2215 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2216 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2218 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2220 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2222 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2223 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2225 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2226 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2233 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2235 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2236 * 0 if there is no overload
2237 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2241 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2244 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2246 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2249 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2251 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2253 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2254 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2255 return AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2257 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2260 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2263 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2264 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2268 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
2271 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2273 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2274 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2275 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2280 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2281 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
2283 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2285 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2288 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2289 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2290 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2291 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2292 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2293 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2302 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
2303 amt.table[i] = NULL;
2304 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2305 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2306 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2307 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
2308 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2310 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2311 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2312 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2313 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2314 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2315 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2316 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2317 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2318 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2319 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
2320 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0, 0);
2321 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
2322 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2324 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
2325 if(GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")){
2326 const char * const hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2327 if (hvname && HEK_LEN(HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))) == 8
2328 && strEQ(hvname, "overload")) {
2329 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2330 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2331 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2333 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2335 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2336 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2337 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2338 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2339 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2341 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2346 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2348 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2349 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2350 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2351 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2352 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2353 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2361 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2364 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2365 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2366 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2368 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
2370 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2371 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2374 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2377 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2379 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
2380 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2381 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2385 /* Here we have no table: */
2387 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2388 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2389 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2395 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2401 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2403 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2406 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2407 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2409 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2412 /* If we're looking up a destructor to invoke, we must avoid
2413 * that Gv_AMupdate croaks, because we might be dying already */
2414 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, cBOOL(id == DESTROY_amg)) == -1) {
2415 /* and if it didn't found a destructor, we fall back
2416 * to a simpler method that will only look for the
2417 * destructor instead of the whole magic */
2418 if (id == DESTROY_amg) {
2419 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, "DESTROY");
2425 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2428 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2429 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2431 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2432 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2433 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2434 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2435 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2436 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2437 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2438 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2450 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2451 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2453 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2455 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2459 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2463 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2467 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2468 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2469 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2474 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2475 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2485 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2491 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2492 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2495 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2497 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2498 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2502 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2505 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2506 SV* const right = TOPs;
2512 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2513 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2514 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0));
2516 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2523 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2524 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2534 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2535 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2537 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2540 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2541 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2543 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2546 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2548 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2550 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2556 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2559 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2561 while (SvAMAGIC(ref) &&
2562 (tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2563 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2565 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2566 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2567 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2572 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2576 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2578 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2580 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2582 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2583 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2585 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2586 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2587 * masked by overloading.pm */
2589 const int offset = method / 8;
2590 const int bit = method % 8;
2591 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2593 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2594 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2601 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
2606 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
2607 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
2608 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
2609 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
2610 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
2611 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
2612 int use_default_op = 0;
2613 int force_scalar = 0;
2619 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
2621 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
2622 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
2625 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
2626 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2627 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2628 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2629 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2631 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2632 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2638 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
2639 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
2641 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
2644 /* look for substituted methods */
2645 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
2649 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
2650 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
2651 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2656 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
2657 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
2658 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2662 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2665 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2668 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2671 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
2672 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
2673 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2680 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
2683 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
2684 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
2686 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
2687 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
2689 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
2690 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
2691 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
2692 delegate to the stash. */
2693 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
2699 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
2700 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
2701 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2703 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2704 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
2705 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
2707 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2708 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
2709 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
2712 if (off==subtr_amg) {
2723 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
2725 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2730 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2731 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2734 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2742 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2747 if (!cv) goto not_found;
2748 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
2749 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2750 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2751 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2752 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2754 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2755 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2761 cv = cvp[off=method])))) { /* Method for right
2764 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
2765 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
2766 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
2767 /* We look for substitution for
2768 * comparison operations and
2770 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
2771 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
2772 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2794 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2798 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2808 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2816 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2819 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2820 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2821 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2822 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2823 } else if ((use_default_op =
2824 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
2825 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
2827 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2831 if (off==-1) off=method;
2832 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2833 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
2834 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2835 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2837 "in overloaded package ":
2838 "has no overloaded magic",
2840 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
2843 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2846 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2848 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
2849 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
2850 if (use_default_op) {
2851 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
2853 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2857 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2862 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
2863 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
2864 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
2865 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
2871 if (off == subtr_amg)
2874 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
2875 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
2876 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
2877 * assigned to the proper variable later */
2894 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
2898 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
2899 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
2900 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
2908 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
2909 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
2910 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
2920 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2921 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
2923 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2925 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2926 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2927 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2928 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2929 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2930 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2931 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
2932 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2935 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2936 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2937 * version of copy operator
2939 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2940 * a) Assignment form was called.
2941 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2942 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2943 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2944 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2945 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2947 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2948 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2950 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2951 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2954 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2955 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2957 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
2958 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2961 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
2962 * information by hand */
2963 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
2965 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
2966 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
2968 SvREFCNT_dec(tmpRef);
2976 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2978 int gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
2981 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2982 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2983 myop.op_next = NULL;
2984 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
2988 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
2991 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
2992 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
2997 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3001 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3004 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3005 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3006 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3008 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3010 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3011 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3012 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3013 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3015 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3016 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3018 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3022 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3026 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3030 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3031 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3034 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3037 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3038 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3039 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3041 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3053 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3060 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3063 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3066 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3069 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3072 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3075 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3078 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3080 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3085 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3087 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3089 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3097 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3102 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3105 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3107 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3108 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3111 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3112 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3116 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3118 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3119 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3120 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3121 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3122 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3123 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3124 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3126 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3128 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3129 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3130 more compactly represents the same thing.
3136 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3142 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3144 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3146 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3148 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3149 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3150 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3151 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3152 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3153 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3155 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3157 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3158 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3160 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3161 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3167 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3168 (void)hv_delete(stash, HEK_KEY(gvnhek),
3169 HEK_UTF8(gvnhek) ? -HEK_LEN(gvnhek) : HEK_LEN(gvnhek), G_DISCARD);
3170 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv &&
3171 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3172 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3173 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3174 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3175 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3176 (gvp = hv_fetch(stash, HEK_KEY(namehek),
3177 HEK_LEN(namehek)*(HEK_UTF8(namehek) ? -1 : 1), 0)) &&
3179 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3183 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK;
3184 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3185 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3186 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3193 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3196 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3202 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3204 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
3207 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: