4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && IVSIZE > U32SIZE && IVSIZE > PTRSIZE
179 /* Work around a goof with alignment on our part. For sparc32 (and
180 possibly other architectures), if built with -Duse64bitint, the IV
181 op_pmoffset in struct pmop should be 8 byte aligned, but the slab
182 allocator is only providing 4 byte alignment. The real fix is to change
183 the IV to a type the same size as a pointer, such as size_t, but we
184 can't do that without breaking the ABI, which is a no-no in a maint
185 release. So instead, simply allocate struct pmop directly, which will be
187 if (sz == sizeof(struct pmop))
188 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
191 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
192 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
193 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
194 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
195 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
197 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
199 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
200 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
201 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
203 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
205 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
206 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
208 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
209 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
210 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
211 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
212 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
214 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
215 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
216 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
217 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
218 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
222 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
228 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
229 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
230 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
231 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
232 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
235 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
236 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
237 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
238 /* Remaining space is too small. */
240 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
242 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
243 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
245 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
246 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
247 slab->opslab_freed = o;
250 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
251 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
252 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
253 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
254 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
256 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
257 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
258 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
260 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
262 /* Create a new op slot */
263 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
264 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
265 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
266 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
267 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
269 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
275 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
277 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
279 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
281 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
283 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
284 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
285 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
286 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
287 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
288 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
293 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
297 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
299 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
301 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
302 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
303 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
304 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
305 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
306 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
307 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
310 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
314 # define Slab_to_rw(op) NOOP
317 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
318 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
321 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
325 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
328 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
331 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
333 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
335 PerlMemShared_free(op);
340 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
341 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
342 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
343 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
344 slab->opslab_freed = o;
345 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
346 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
350 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
353 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
357 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
364 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
369 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
370 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
371 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
372 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
374 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
376 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
377 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
379 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
380 perror("munmap failed");
384 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
390 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
395 size_t savestack_count = 0;
397 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
400 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
402 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
403 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
404 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
410 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
411 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
412 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
415 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
416 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
417 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
419 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
421 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
422 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
429 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
431 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
434 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
435 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
448 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
451 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
453 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
455 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
457 result = --o->op_targ;
460 result = --o->op_targ;
466 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
467 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
469 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
470 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
471 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
472 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
474 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
476 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
478 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
480 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
481 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
485 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
487 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
489 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
491 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
496 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
500 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
506 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
508 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
509 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
510 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
515 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
517 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
518 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
523 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
527 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
532 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
536 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
537 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
542 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
544 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
546 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
547 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
551 S_bad_type_gv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, GV *gv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
553 SV * const namesv = gv_ename(gv);
554 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_GV;
556 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
557 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
561 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
566 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
567 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
568 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
570 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
573 /* "register" allocation */
576 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
580 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
584 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
585 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
588 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
590 assert(strlen(name) == len);
592 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
596 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
597 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
599 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
600 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
601 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
602 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
603 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
604 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
606 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
607 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
610 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
611 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
612 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
613 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
614 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
618 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
620 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
621 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
622 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
623 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
624 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
626 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
627 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
631 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
632 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
634 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
635 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
641 =for apidoc alloccopstash
643 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
644 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
651 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
653 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
654 bool found_slot = FALSE;
656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
658 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
660 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
661 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
662 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
663 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
666 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
667 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
668 off = PL_stashpadmax;
669 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
672 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
677 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
678 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
681 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
689 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
694 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
696 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
697 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
698 may be freed before their parents. */
699 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
703 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
714 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
717 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
718 we maintain for reset(). */
719 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
729 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
730 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
734 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
736 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
737 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
742 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
745 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
747 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
748 * numbers etc even after null() */
749 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
755 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
762 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
770 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
775 switch (o->op_type) {
776 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
777 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
778 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
783 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
787 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
788 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
795 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
800 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
801 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
802 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
803 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
804 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
805 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
806 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
807 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
808 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
809 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
810 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
811 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
812 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
813 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
814 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
817 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
819 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
820 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
821 * may still exist on the pad */
822 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
823 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
826 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
827 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
830 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
833 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
837 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
840 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
841 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
844 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
845 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
846 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
847 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
850 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
860 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
865 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
866 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
868 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
869 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
870 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
873 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
874 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
878 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
879 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
883 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
887 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
888 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
889 * exist on the pad */
890 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
893 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
899 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
900 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
901 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
903 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
904 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
905 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
906 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
907 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
908 * happen before sv_clean_all
911 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
912 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
913 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
914 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
915 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
919 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
920 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
926 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
927 pad_free(o->op_targ);
933 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
935 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
938 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
939 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
940 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
944 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
947 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
949 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
951 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
952 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
954 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
955 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
960 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
961 array[i] = array[--count];
962 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
963 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
964 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
967 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
980 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
984 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
985 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
987 switch (kid->op_type) {
992 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
994 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
995 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1001 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
1005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
1007 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1011 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
1012 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1013 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1017 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1020 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1025 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1028 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1032 /* Contextualizers */
1035 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1037 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1038 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1039 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1046 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1048 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1050 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1051 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1052 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1054 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1061 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1063 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1064 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1065 not be called directly.
1071 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1080 /* establish postfix order */
1081 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1084 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1087 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1088 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1089 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1103 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1105 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1107 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1114 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1118 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1120 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1121 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1122 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1123 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1125 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1126 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1127 of the conditional, not the last. */
1128 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1130 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1131 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1138 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1143 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1144 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1145 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1146 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1151 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1153 switch (o->op_type) {
1155 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1160 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1170 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1171 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1177 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1179 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1182 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1183 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1189 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1194 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1197 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1204 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1208 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1209 const char* useless = NULL;
1213 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1215 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1217 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1219 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1222 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1223 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1224 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1230 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1231 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1232 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1233 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1234 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1236 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1237 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1238 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1239 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1240 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1245 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1246 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1248 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1251 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1253 switch (o->op_type) {
1255 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1259 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1263 if (o->op_private == 4)
1288 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1307 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1308 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1313 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1338 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1339 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1340 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1344 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1345 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1347 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1349 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1351 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1355 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1356 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1357 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1360 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1364 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1365 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1369 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1376 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1377 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1378 useless = "a variable";
1383 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1384 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1386 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1387 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1388 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1389 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1391 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1392 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1393 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1394 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1396 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1397 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1399 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1401 pv_pretty(dsv, SvPVX_const(sv),
1402 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1404 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1405 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1406 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1408 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1409 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1412 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1415 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1419 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1424 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1425 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1429 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1430 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1434 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1435 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1440 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1443 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1446 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1447 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1450 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1452 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1455 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1456 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1457 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1460 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1463 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1465 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1468 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1469 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1470 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1472 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1473 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1474 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1486 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1487 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1488 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1490 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1492 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1494 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1495 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1504 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1509 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1516 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1527 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1538 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1539 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1540 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1541 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1544 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1545 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1552 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1554 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1556 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1563 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1568 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1569 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1570 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1571 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1576 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1577 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1579 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1582 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1584 switch (o->op_type) {
1587 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1592 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1600 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1602 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1603 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1604 return gen_constant_list(o);
1611 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1613 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1616 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1617 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1623 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1627 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1634 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1638 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1640 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1641 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1644 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1645 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1649 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1651 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1652 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1653 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1656 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1661 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1663 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1665 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1666 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1672 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1674 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1675 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1676 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1677 the tree thread-safe.
1682 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1684 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1687 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1695 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1697 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1699 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1701 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1702 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1704 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1705 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1706 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1707 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1708 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1709 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1710 finalize_op(prop_op);
1717 switch (o->op_type) {
1720 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1724 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1725 && ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1727 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1728 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1729 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1730 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1731 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1732 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1733 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1734 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1735 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1736 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1743 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1744 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1745 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1746 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1747 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1748 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1749 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1750 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1757 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1758 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1762 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1763 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1764 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1765 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1766 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1767 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1768 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1769 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1771 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1772 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1773 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1774 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1775 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1777 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1778 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1779 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1780 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1781 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1782 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1783 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1785 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1786 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1787 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1790 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1791 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1792 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1793 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1794 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1796 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1807 const char *key = NULL;
1810 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1813 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1814 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1815 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1816 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1817 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1818 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1819 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1821 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1825 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1828 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1829 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1831 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1832 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1834 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1835 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1837 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1838 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1839 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1841 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1842 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1843 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1855 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1857 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1858 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1859 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1860 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1862 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1863 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1865 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1866 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1867 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1869 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1870 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1871 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1873 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1879 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1880 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1882 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1883 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1885 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1886 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1887 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1888 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1889 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1890 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1892 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1893 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1894 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1895 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1896 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1897 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1898 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1899 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1906 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1907 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1914 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1916 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1922 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1924 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1925 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1926 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1927 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1930 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1931 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1932 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1934 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1935 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1941 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1945 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1948 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1951 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1952 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1957 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1959 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1961 switch (o->op_type) {
1966 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1970 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1971 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1972 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1973 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1974 poses, so we need it clear. */
1975 o->op_private &= ~1;
1976 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1977 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1978 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1981 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1982 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1983 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1984 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1985 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1986 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1987 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1990 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1991 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1994 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1995 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1997 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1998 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1999 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2000 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2002 while (kid->op_sibling)
2003 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2004 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2005 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2008 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2009 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2010 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2011 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2013 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2014 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2015 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2016 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2020 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2030 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2031 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2032 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2033 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2035 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2036 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2038 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2039 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2041 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2055 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2064 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2071 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2072 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2077 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2078 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2079 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2083 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2085 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2092 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2093 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2097 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2100 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2101 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2102 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2106 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2110 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2119 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2126 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2127 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2128 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2129 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2131 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2132 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2136 if (!type) /* local() */
2137 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2138 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2147 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2151 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2157 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2158 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2159 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2160 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2165 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2166 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2167 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2168 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2169 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2170 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2180 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2181 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2186 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2188 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2190 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2191 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2197 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2198 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2199 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2200 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2201 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2205 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2207 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2213 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2214 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2216 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2217 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2220 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2221 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2223 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2224 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2225 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2228 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2229 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2230 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2235 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2236 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2239 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2240 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2241 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2246 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2251 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2275 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2296 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2298 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2300 switch (o->op_type) {
2308 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2321 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2323 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2325 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2332 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2337 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2339 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2342 switch (o->op_type) {
2344 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2345 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2346 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2347 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2348 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2349 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2350 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2351 o->op_private &= ~1;
2353 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2354 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2355 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2357 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2363 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2364 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2367 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2368 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2369 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2372 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2373 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2374 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2376 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2383 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2386 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2387 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2388 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2394 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2399 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2401 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2405 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2406 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2407 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2408 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2410 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2420 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2422 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2432 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2437 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2439 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2440 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2441 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2443 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2444 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2446 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2450 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2452 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2453 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2454 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2455 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2456 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2463 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2466 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2468 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2470 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2471 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2473 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2474 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2476 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2477 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2479 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2480 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2481 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2482 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2484 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2489 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2492 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2493 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2495 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2500 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2501 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2502 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2504 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2505 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2506 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2507 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2508 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2509 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2511 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2512 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2515 /* Need package name for method call. */
2516 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2518 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2519 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2521 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2522 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2523 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2524 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2525 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2526 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2527 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2528 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2530 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2531 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2532 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2533 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2534 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2535 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2537 /* Combine the ops. */
2538 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2542 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2544 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2545 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2546 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2547 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2548 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2549 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2550 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2551 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2552 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2553 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2559 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2560 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2564 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2567 len = strlen(attrstr);
2571 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2573 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2574 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2575 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2576 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2577 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2581 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2582 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2583 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2584 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2585 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2586 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2587 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2592 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2596 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2598 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2600 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2604 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2605 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2609 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2611 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2612 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2614 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2616 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2618 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2619 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2620 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2622 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2624 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2626 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2627 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2628 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2629 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2630 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2631 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2632 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2635 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2638 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2641 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2643 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2645 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2647 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2650 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2653 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2654 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2656 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2657 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2659 stash = PL_curstash;
2660 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2662 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2663 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2665 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2670 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2674 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2676 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2678 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2679 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2681 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2691 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2693 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2694 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2695 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2698 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2699 which will mess up list assignment. */
2700 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2701 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2702 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2704 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2705 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2708 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2711 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2712 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2717 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2719 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2721 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2726 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2730 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2731 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2733 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2735 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2736 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2738 const char * const desc
2740 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2741 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2743 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2744 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2747 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2748 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2749 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2750 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2753 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2756 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2757 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2760 const char * const sample = (isary
2761 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2762 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2763 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2764 desc, sample, sample);
2768 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2769 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2770 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2772 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2775 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2776 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2778 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2779 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2780 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2782 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2783 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2784 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2785 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2786 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2788 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2790 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2793 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2794 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2795 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2796 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2797 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2798 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2799 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2802 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2803 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2805 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2807 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2811 return bind_match(type, left,
2812 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2816 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2820 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2824 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2826 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2827 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2828 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2829 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2830 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2831 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2838 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2842 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2843 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2844 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2845 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2847 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2849 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2850 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2851 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2852 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2855 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2856 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2858 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2863 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2869 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2871 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2872 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2873 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2874 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2881 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2884 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2886 pad_block_start(full);
2888 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2889 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2890 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2892 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2898 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2901 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2902 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2905 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2908 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2910 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2914 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2915 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2916 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2921 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2924 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2925 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2926 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2927 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2928 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2929 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2930 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2931 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2932 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2933 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2934 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2935 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2936 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2937 list of ops like this:
2961 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2962 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2963 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2964 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2965 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2966 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2967 if (kid == last) break;
2969 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2972 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2978 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2980 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2982 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2983 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2989 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2991 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2993 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
3000 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
3001 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
3002 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
3005 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3006 o->op_targ = offset;
3012 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3016 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3023 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3024 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3025 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3027 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3028 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3030 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3031 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3032 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3035 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3037 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3038 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3039 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3040 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3041 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3044 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3045 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3047 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3050 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3051 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3052 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3053 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3056 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3057 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3058 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3059 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3060 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3061 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3062 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3065 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3066 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3067 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3068 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3069 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3070 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3071 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3072 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3073 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3074 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3077 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3079 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3082 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3083 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3084 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3085 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3086 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3087 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3088 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3089 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3090 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3093 /* Register with debugger */
3095 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3099 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3101 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3108 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3112 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3114 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3115 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3116 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3123 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3124 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3125 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3127 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3130 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3131 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3135 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3136 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3139 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3141 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3147 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3148 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3149 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3151 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3153 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3163 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3164 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3165 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3170 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3174 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3176 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3177 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3182 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3183 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3185 I32 type = o->op_type;
3187 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3189 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3191 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3192 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3197 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3198 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3200 I32 type = o->op_type;
3202 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3204 /* integerize op. */
3205 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3208 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3211 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3212 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3213 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3219 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3224 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3229 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3230 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3234 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3236 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3251 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3252 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3256 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3257 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3260 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3261 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3263 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3264 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3265 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3272 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3275 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3276 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3278 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3279 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3280 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3282 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3284 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3290 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3291 old_next = o->op_next;
3295 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3296 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3298 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3299 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3300 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3301 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3302 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3303 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3304 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3305 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3312 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3313 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3315 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3316 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3317 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3320 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3323 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3324 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3329 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3330 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3332 o->op_next = old_next;
3336 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3337 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3338 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3339 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3340 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3341 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3344 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3345 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3346 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3348 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3349 delete_eval_scope();
3358 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3359 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3361 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3362 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3370 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3374 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3377 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3378 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3380 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3383 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3386 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3387 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3388 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3389 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3391 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3392 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3393 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3394 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3395 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3396 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3397 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3399 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3408 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3411 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3412 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3413 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3415 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3417 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3418 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3420 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3421 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3422 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3423 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3427 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3428 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3429 o->op_flags |= flags;
3431 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3432 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3435 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3439 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3442 /* List constructors */
3445 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3447 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3448 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3449 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3450 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3451 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3452 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3458 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3466 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3467 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3469 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3472 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3473 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3475 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3476 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3478 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3483 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3485 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3486 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3487 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3488 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3489 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3490 the other is returned unchanged.
3496 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3504 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3505 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3507 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3508 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3510 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3511 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3512 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3515 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3516 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3518 while (mp->mad_next)
3520 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3523 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3526 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3527 last->op_madprop = 0;
3530 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3536 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3538 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3539 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3540 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3541 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3542 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3543 the other is returned unchanged.
3549 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3557 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3558 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3559 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3560 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3561 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3562 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3565 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3566 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3567 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3569 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3570 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3572 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3576 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3584 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3587 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3588 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3589 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3591 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3596 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3598 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3600 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3602 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3607 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3614 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3615 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3616 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3623 /* faked up qw list? */
3625 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3626 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3633 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3634 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3635 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3636 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3638 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3652 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3653 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3663 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3672 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3673 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3674 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3675 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3677 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3684 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3687 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3693 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3702 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3703 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3704 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3705 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3707 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3714 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3717 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3721 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3722 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3728 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3746 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3750 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3754 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3775 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3777 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3779 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3783 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3785 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3788 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3789 mp->mad_type = type;
3791 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3796 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3798 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3802 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3803 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3804 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3805 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3809 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3812 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3813 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3816 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3819 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3822 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3828 =head1 Optree construction
3830 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3832 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3833 empty list expression.
3839 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3841 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3845 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3847 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3848 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3854 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3856 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3857 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3858 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3859 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3860 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3866 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3871 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3873 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3875 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3876 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3879 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3883 else if (!first && last)
3886 first->op_sibling = last;
3887 listop->op_first = first;
3888 listop->op_last = last;
3889 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3890 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3891 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3892 listop->op_first = pushop;
3893 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3895 listop->op_last = pushop;
3898 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3902 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3904 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3905 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3906 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3913 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3918 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3919 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3920 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3923 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3924 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3925 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3926 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3928 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3929 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3930 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3931 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3934 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3935 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3937 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3938 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3939 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3943 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3945 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3946 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3947 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3948 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3949 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3950 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3951 of the constructed op tree.
3957 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3962 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3963 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3964 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3967 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3968 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3969 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3970 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3971 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3972 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3973 || type == OP_NULL );
3976 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3977 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3978 first = force_list(first);
3980 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3981 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3982 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3983 unop->op_first = first;
3984 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3985 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3986 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3990 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3994 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3996 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3997 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3998 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3999 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
4000 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
4001 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
4002 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4008 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4013 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4014 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4016 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4019 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4021 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4022 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4023 binop->op_first = first;
4024 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4027 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4030 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4031 first->op_sibling = last;
4034 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4035 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4038 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4040 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4043 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4044 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4045 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4046 __attribute__pure__;
4047 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4049 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4051 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4053 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4055 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4061 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4064 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4067 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4068 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4070 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4073 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4074 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4080 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4081 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4082 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4085 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4087 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4090 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4093 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4095 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4096 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4098 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4099 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4113 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4114 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4117 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4121 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4124 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4126 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4130 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4131 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4132 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4133 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4137 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4140 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4142 transv = newSVpvs("");
4144 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4146 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4148 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4152 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4156 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4157 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4159 diff = val - nextmin;
4161 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4162 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4164 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4165 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4166 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4167 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4174 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4175 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4177 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4178 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4180 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4181 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4182 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4183 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4187 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4188 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4191 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4192 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4194 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4198 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4199 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4200 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4201 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4203 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4205 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4212 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4213 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4215 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4217 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4219 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4228 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4232 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4233 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4234 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4241 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4242 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4244 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4245 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4247 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4251 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4252 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4255 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4256 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4258 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4259 max = rfirst + diff;
4261 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4262 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4274 else if (max > 0xff)
4279 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4281 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4282 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4283 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4285 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4287 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4289 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4290 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4292 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4293 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4294 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4297 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4303 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4304 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4312 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4313 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4314 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4316 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4318 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4320 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4322 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4331 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4341 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4343 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4348 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4349 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4350 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4352 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4353 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4354 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4358 if (!rlen && !del) {
4361 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4363 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4364 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4366 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4368 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4369 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4371 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4377 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4378 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4385 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4386 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4387 } else if(rlen > tlen && !complement) {
4388 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4392 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4394 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4395 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4405 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4407 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4408 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4409 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4415 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4420 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4422 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4423 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4424 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4425 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4426 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4428 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4429 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4430 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4431 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4433 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4434 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4435 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4437 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4439 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4440 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4441 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4443 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4444 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4445 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4447 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4448 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4454 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4455 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4456 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4457 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4458 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4459 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4461 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4463 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4465 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4466 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4467 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4469 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4470 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4471 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4472 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4476 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4479 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4480 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4481 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4484 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4485 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4486 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4487 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4488 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4490 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4491 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4492 * the new sub was created
4496 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4501 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4503 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4504 bool is_compiletime;
4507 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4509 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4511 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4513 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4514 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4515 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4516 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4517 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4518 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4521 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4524 OP* const oe = expr;
4525 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4526 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4527 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4528 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4529 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4530 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4533 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4536 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4537 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4538 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4539 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4540 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4544 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4546 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4547 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4549 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4550 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4552 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4556 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4561 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4562 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4564 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4566 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4568 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4569 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4570 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4571 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4572 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4576 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4578 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4581 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4582 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4584 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4585 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4586 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4588 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4589 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4590 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4591 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4595 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4596 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4597 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4598 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4601 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4602 * the op_next chain */
4605 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4609 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4610 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4611 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4612 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4613 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4616 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4618 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4620 if (is_compiletime) {
4621 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4622 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4624 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4625 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4627 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4628 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4630 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4631 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4632 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4633 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4634 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4635 * regex was parsed */
4636 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4637 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4638 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4640 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4645 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4646 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4647 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4648 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4651 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4657 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4658 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4661 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4664 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4666 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4667 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4668 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4669 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4670 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4671 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4673 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4674 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4675 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4676 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4678 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4679 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4680 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4681 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4684 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4689 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4691 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4693 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4698 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4699 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4700 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4703 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4704 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4706 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4707 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4708 * preceding stacking ops;
4709 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4711 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4712 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4714 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4715 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4716 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4717 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4718 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4719 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4720 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4724 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4726 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4728 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4729 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4733 * ------ -------------------
4734 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4735 * pushmark (for entersub)
4736 * pushmark (for refgen)
4740 * regcreset regcreset
4742 * const("a") const("a")
4744 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4749 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4750 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4751 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4752 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4753 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4754 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4756 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4759 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4760 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4761 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4762 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4763 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4764 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4765 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4766 rcop->op_private = 0;
4768 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4770 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4771 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4773 /* establish postfix order */
4774 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4776 rcop->op_next = expr;
4777 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4780 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4781 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4784 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4790 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4791 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4792 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4794 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4795 the implicit do{}. */
4796 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4797 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4798 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4799 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4800 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4801 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4802 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4804 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4806 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4807 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4808 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4809 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4810 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4811 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4812 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4813 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4814 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4815 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {