3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
377 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
378 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
381 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
382 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
386 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
387 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
396 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
397 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
399 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
407 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
412 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
415 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
416 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
417 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
418 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
419 if (has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV) {
420 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
421 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
423 if (CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
424 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
425 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
426 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
427 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
428 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
436 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
437 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
438 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
440 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
441 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
442 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
443 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
444 from a reference to CV. */
445 if (exported_constant)
446 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
447 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
452 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
453 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
454 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
460 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
462 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
474 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
482 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
483 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
490 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
493 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
494 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
496 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
497 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
498 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
500 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
501 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
502 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
503 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
508 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
509 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
510 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
511 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
512 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
513 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
514 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
515 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
516 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
517 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
518 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
519 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
520 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
521 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
522 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
523 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
524 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
525 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
526 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
527 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
528 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
529 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
532 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
533 case KEY_each : case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec : case KEY_exists:
539 case KEY_splice: case KEY_split:
542 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
549 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
554 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
555 oldparser = PL_parser;
556 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
557 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
558 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
560 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
564 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
566 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
570 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
573 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
575 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
576 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
577 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
578 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
579 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
580 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
581 it this order as we need an op number before calling
583 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
585 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
591 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
592 compiling after a syntax error */
593 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
594 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
599 : newSVpvn(name,len),
604 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
605 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
606 && opnum != OP_UNDEF)
607 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
610 PL_parser = oldparser;
611 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
612 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
615 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
617 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
619 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
626 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
628 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
630 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
632 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
633 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
639 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
643 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
644 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
645 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level, flags);
646 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
647 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
648 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
652 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
654 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
655 instead of a string/length pair.
661 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
663 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
664 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
668 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
670 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
671 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
672 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
674 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
675 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
676 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
677 up caching info for this glob.
679 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
681 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
685 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
686 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
687 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
688 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
693 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
695 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
696 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
703 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
704 GV* candidate = NULL;
708 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
711 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
713 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
715 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
716 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
722 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
724 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
727 assert(name || meth);
729 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
730 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
731 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
733 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
735 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
736 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
737 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
738 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
740 else cachestash = stash;
742 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
744 cachestash, meth, name, len, (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
746 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
753 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
756 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
757 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
759 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
760 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
761 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
765 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
766 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
767 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
772 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
773 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
776 else if (stash == cachestash
777 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
778 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
779 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
783 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
784 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
785 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
787 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
789 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
792 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
793 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
795 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
801 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
803 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
804 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
805 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
807 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
813 else candidate = *gvp;
816 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
817 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
818 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
820 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
821 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
822 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
824 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
825 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
826 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
827 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
828 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
829 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
835 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
836 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
837 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
840 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
841 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
842 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
843 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
844 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
845 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
846 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
852 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
853 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
854 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
861 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
863 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
864 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
868 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
870 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
873 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
875 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
876 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
882 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
886 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
887 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
890 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
894 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
896 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
897 instead of a string/length pair.
903 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
905 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
906 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
910 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
912 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
913 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
915 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
916 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
917 of the result may be zero.
919 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
925 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
927 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
929 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
936 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
937 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
939 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
942 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
944 /* Have an autoload */
945 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
946 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
947 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
948 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
957 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
959 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
960 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
961 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
964 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
965 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
966 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
967 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
968 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
970 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
971 as a prefix of the method name. Note
972 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
973 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
974 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
975 created as a side effect to do this.
977 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
978 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
979 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
985 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
987 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
989 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
993 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
997 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
998 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1001 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1005 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1007 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1008 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1011 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
1014 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1017 const char *nsplit = NULL;
1020 const char * const origname = name;
1021 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1022 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1023 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1024 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1026 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1028 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1031 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
1032 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1033 the error reporting code. */
1036 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
1037 if (*nend == '\'') {
1041 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
1047 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
1048 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1049 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1051 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1052 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1054 else if ((nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
1055 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
1056 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1057 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8);
1058 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1061 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1062 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
1067 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1069 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1070 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1072 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1073 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1075 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1076 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1079 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1080 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1081 * require it first instead of croaking */
1082 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1083 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1084 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1085 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1086 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1088 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1089 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1094 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1095 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1096 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1097 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1103 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1104 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1106 packnamesv = error_report;
1110 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1111 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1112 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1113 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1114 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1118 else if (autoload) {
1119 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1120 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1124 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1128 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1131 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1132 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1133 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1134 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1144 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1148 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1149 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1152 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1156 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1158 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1159 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1163 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1170 SV *packname = NULL;
1171 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1175 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1178 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1179 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1180 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1181 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1182 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1186 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1187 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1189 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1190 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1194 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1198 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1201 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1202 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1204 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1205 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1206 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1208 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1211 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1212 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1213 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1215 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1216 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1217 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1218 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1219 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1222 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1223 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1224 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1225 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1226 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1227 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1228 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1230 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1231 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1233 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1234 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1235 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1237 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1240 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1241 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1242 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1244 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1246 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1247 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1249 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1250 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1254 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1258 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1264 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1265 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1266 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1267 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1269 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1270 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1274 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1275 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1276 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1280 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1281 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1282 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1283 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1284 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1285 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1286 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1289 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1297 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1298 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1300 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1301 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1302 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1303 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1304 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1305 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1306 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1307 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1310 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1312 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1314 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1316 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1317 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1318 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1319 so save it. For the moment it's always
1321 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1329 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1330 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1331 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1333 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1334 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1335 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1336 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1337 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1340 else SvREFCNT_dec_NN(namesv);
1345 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1347 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1348 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1354 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1356 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1357 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1361 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1363 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1364 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1365 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1366 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1367 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1370 Flags may be one of:
1379 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1381 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1382 recommended for performance reasons.
1388 gv_stashpvn_internal
1390 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1391 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1395 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1396 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1402 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1404 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1406 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1409 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1410 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1411 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1412 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1413 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1414 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1416 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1418 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1419 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1421 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1422 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1424 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1425 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1426 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1427 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1428 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1434 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1436 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1437 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gc_stashsv>.
1439 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1441 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1443 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1447 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1448 assert(namesv || name)
1450 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1451 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1456 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1458 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1459 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1460 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1463 if (he) return INT2PTR(HV*,SvIVX(HeVAL(he)));
1464 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1467 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1469 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1471 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1473 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1476 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1478 if (stash && namelen) {
1479 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1480 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1481 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1488 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1490 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1491 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1495 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1497 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1500 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1507 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1509 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1510 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1515 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1516 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1517 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1521 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1523 const char * const nambeg =
1524 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1525 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1526 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1529 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1530 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1534 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1538 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1542 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1543 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1545 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1546 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1548 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1549 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1550 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1551 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1553 const char *name_cursor;
1554 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1555 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1557 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1559 if (full_len > 2 && **name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(*name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1560 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1564 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1565 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1566 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1567 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1570 *stash = PL_defstash;
1571 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1574 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1575 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1578 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1584 Newx(tmpbuf, *len+2, char);
1585 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1586 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1587 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1590 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1591 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1592 if (*gv && *gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1593 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1594 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1600 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1603 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1604 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1605 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1606 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1607 && strnEQ(*name, "CORE", 4))
1608 hv_name_set(*stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1611 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1613 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1614 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1615 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1616 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1619 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1620 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1623 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1625 *name = name_cursor+1;
1626 if (*name == name_end) {
1628 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1633 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1637 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1638 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1639 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1641 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1643 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1644 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) ) {
1645 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1646 * like INC or STDOUT.
1654 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1655 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1656 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1660 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1665 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1666 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1670 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1671 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1672 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1676 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1677 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1683 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1691 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1692 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1693 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1695 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1696 * which might happen during global destruction.
1698 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1699 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1700 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1701 const svtype sv_type)
1703 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1705 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1707 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1708 *stash = PL_defstash;
1711 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1712 *stash = PL_curstash;
1713 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1714 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1715 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1716 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1717 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1718 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1719 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1721 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1722 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1723 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1727 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1728 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1729 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1731 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1733 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1734 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1735 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1736 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1737 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1740 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1741 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1742 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1749 /* Use the current op's stash */
1750 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1755 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1757 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1758 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1759 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1760 "declare \"my %s%"UTF8f"\"?)",
1761 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1762 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1763 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1764 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1765 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1766 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1767 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1768 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1769 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1770 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1771 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1772 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1774 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1776 /* symbol table under destruction */
1785 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1791 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1792 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1794 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1795 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1797 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1799 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1800 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1801 * to work (like $[, %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1804 * The return value has a specific meaning for gv_fetchpvn_flags:
1805 * If it returns true, and the gv is empty, it indicates that its
1806 * refcount should be decreased.
1808 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1809 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1810 bool addmg, const svtype sv_type)
1814 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1816 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1817 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1818 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1819 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1821 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1824 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1828 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1829 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1832 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1837 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1846 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1847 /* Avoid null warning: */
1848 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1849 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1850 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1857 /* Nothing else to do.
1858 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1859 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1860 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1861 platforms, we can't just do:
1862 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1863 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1864 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1865 would make them larger than 'V')
1870 const char * name2 = name + 1;
1873 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1874 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1876 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1881 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1885 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1886 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1890 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1893 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1894 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1895 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1896 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1898 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1899 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1900 use didn't clean up fully because
1901 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1902 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1903 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1904 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1905 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1906 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1907 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1908 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1912 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1913 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1914 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1916 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1921 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1924 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1925 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1928 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1929 if (*name2 == '_') {
1932 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1935 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1936 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1939 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1940 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1943 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1944 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH")) {
1945 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
1949 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1950 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1953 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1954 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH")) {
1955 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
1958 if (strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH")) {
1959 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
1963 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1964 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1967 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1968 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1970 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1972 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1975 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1976 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1979 else if (strEQ(name2, "IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
1993 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1996 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
1998 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
1999 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2005 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2006 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2009 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2012 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2015 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2017 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2019 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2020 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2021 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2022 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2024 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2028 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2029 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2042 paren = *name - '0';
2045 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2046 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2047 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2051 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2055 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2056 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2062 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2064 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2066 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
2067 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2069 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
2076 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2078 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2079 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
2081 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2082 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2084 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2087 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2089 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
2097 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2098 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2099 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
2100 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2102 case '\010': /* $^H */
2104 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2105 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2109 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2110 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
2111 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
2114 else goto magicalize;
2116 case '\023': /* $^S */
2118 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2134 case '\001': /* $^A */
2135 case '\003': /* $^C */
2136 case '\004': /* $^D */
2137 case '\005': /* $^E */
2138 case '\006': /* $^F */
2139 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2140 case '\016': /* $^N */
2141 case '\017': /* $^O */
2142 case '\020': /* $^P */
2143 case '\024': /* $^T */
2144 case '\027': /* $^W */
2146 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2149 case '\014': /* $^L */
2150 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2153 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2157 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2158 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2159 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2160 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2161 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2165 case '\026': /* $^V */
2167 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2168 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2169 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2175 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2183 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2184 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2185 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2187 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2188 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2189 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2190 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2193 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2194 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2196 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2198 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2200 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
2201 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2202 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
2203 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2204 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2205 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
2206 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
2208 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
2211 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2214 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
2216 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2218 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2222 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2226 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2235 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2236 const svtype sv_type)
2238 const char *name = nambeg;
2243 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2244 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2245 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2246 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2247 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2248 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2253 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2254 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2255 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2256 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2258 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2261 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2262 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2268 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2272 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2273 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2274 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2275 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2278 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2279 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2282 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2283 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2284 * anything else with it before that.
2287 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2288 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2289 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2290 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2291 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2292 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2293 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2296 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2297 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2298 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2299 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2300 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2301 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2302 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2304 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2305 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
2306 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2307 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2310 } else if (no_init) {
2314 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2315 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2316 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2317 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2320 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2325 /* Adding a new symbol.
2326 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2327 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2329 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2330 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2332 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2334 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2335 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2336 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
2337 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2338 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2340 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8) && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2343 /* First, store the gv in the symtab if we're adding magic,
2344 * but only for non-empty GVs
2346 #define GvEMPTY(gv) !(GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) \
2347 || GvCV(gv) || (GvSV(gv) && SvOK(GvSV(gv))))
2349 if ( addmg && !GvEMPTY(gv) ) {
2350 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2353 /* set up magic where warranted */
2354 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, addmg, sv_type) ) {
2357 if ( GvSV(gv) && SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)) ) {
2358 /* The GV was and still is "empty", except that now
2359 * it has the magic flags turned on, so we want it
2360 * stored in the symtab.
2362 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2365 /* Most likely the temporary GV created above */
2366 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2372 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2377 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2380 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2382 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2384 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2386 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2387 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2388 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2389 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2393 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2394 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2398 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2400 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2402 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2404 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2408 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2409 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2413 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2417 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2419 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
2422 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2424 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2426 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2427 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2428 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2431 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
2432 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2434 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2436 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2438 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2440 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2441 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2443 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2444 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2447 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2449 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2451 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2452 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2454 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2455 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2456 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2457 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2458 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2461 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2466 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2468 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2469 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2471 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2472 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2477 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2480 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2487 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2488 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2489 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2490 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2499 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2504 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2506 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2507 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2508 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2509 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2512 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2514 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2522 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2524 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2525 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2526 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2527 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2528 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2529 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2530 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2532 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2541 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2545 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2546 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2547 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2548 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2549 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2550 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2551 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n",
2552 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2553 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2557 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2558 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2559 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2560 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2561 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2562 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2563 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2564 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2565 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2566 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2571 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2574 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2580 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2582 if (--attempts == 0) {
2584 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2585 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2590 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2591 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2597 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2599 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2600 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2604 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2606 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2607 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2609 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2610 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2617 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2619 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2620 * 0 if there is no overload
2621 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2625 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2627 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2629 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2632 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2634 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2636 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2637 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2638 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2640 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2643 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2646 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2647 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2653 bool deref_seen = 0;
2656 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2658 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2659 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2660 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2665 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2668 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2670 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2673 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2674 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2675 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2676 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2677 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2678 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2685 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2686 /* initially assume the worst */
2687 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2689 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2690 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2691 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2692 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2693 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2695 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2696 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2697 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2698 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2699 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2700 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2701 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2702 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2703 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2704 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2706 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2707 const HEK * const gvhek =
2708 CvNAMED(cv) ? CvNAME_HEK(cv) : GvNAME_HEK(CvGV(cv));
2709 const HEK * const stashek =
2710 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2711 if (HEK_LEN(gvhek) == 3 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(gvhek), "nil")
2712 && stashek && HEK_LEN(stashek) == 8
2713 && strEQ(HEK_KEY(stashek), "overload")) {
2714 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2715 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2716 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2718 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2720 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2721 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2722 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2723 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2724 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2726 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2731 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2733 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2734 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2735 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2736 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2737 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2738 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2746 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2748 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2749 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2750 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2752 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2753 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2756 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2772 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2773 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2774 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2775 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2778 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2779 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2780 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2784 /* Here we have no table: */
2786 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2787 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2788 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2794 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2799 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2801 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2804 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2805 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2807 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2810 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2812 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2815 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2816 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2818 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2819 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2820 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2821 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2822 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2823 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2824 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2825 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2837 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2838 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2840 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2842 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2846 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2849 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2853 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2854 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2855 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2857 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2862 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2863 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2873 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2879 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2880 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2883 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2885 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2886 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2890 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2892 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2893 SV* const right = TOPs;
2899 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2900 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2901 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0)
2902 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
2904 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2911 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2912 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2922 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2923 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2925 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2928 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2929 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2931 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2934 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2936 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2938 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2944 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2948 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2952 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
2953 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
2954 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2955 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
2958 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2959 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2961 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2962 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2963 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2970 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2974 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2976 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2978 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2980 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2981 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2983 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2984 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2985 * masked by overloading.pm */
2987 const int offset = method / 8;
2988 const int bit = method % 8;
2989 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2991 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2992 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2999 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3004 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3005 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3006 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3007 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3008 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3009 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3010 int use_default_op = 0;
3011 int force_scalar = 0;
3017 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3019 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3020 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3023 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3024 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3025 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3026 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3027 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3029 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3030 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3036 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3037 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3039 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3042 /* look for substituted methods */
3043 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3047 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3048 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3049 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3054 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3055 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3056 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3060 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3063 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3066 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3069 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3070 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3071 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3078 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3081 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3082 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3084 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3085 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3087 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3088 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3089 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3090 delegate to the stash. */
3091 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3097 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3098 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3099 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3101 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3102 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3103 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
3105 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3106 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3107 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3110 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3121 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3123 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
3128 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3129 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3132 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3140 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3145 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3146 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3147 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3148 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3149 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3150 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3152 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3155 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3156 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3157 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3158 /* We look for substitution for
3159 * comparison operations and
3161 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3162 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3163 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3185 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3189 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3199 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3207 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3209 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3210 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3211 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3212 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3213 } else if ((use_default_op =
3214 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3215 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3217 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3221 if (off==-1) off=method;
3222 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3223 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
3224 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3225 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3227 "in overloaded package ":
3228 "has no overloaded magic",
3230 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3233 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3236 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3238 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3239 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3240 if (use_default_op) {
3241 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3243 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3247 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3252 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3253 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3254 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3255 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3261 if (off == subtr_amg)
3264 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3265 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3266 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3267 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3287 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3291 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3292 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3293 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3301 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3302 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3303 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3313 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3314 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
3316 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3318 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3319 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3320 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3321 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3322 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3323 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3324 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3325 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3328 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3329 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3330 * version of copy operator
3332 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3333 * a) Assignment form was called.
3334 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3335 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3336 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3337 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3338 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3340 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3341 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3343 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3344 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3347 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3348 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3350 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3351 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3354 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3355 * information by hand */
3356 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3358 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3359 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3361 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3369 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3371 U8 gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3374 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3375 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3376 myop.op_next = NULL;
3377 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3381 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3384 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3385 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3390 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3394 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3397 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3398 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3399 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3400 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3402 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3403 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3404 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3405 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3407 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3408 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3410 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3411 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3412 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3414 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3418 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3422 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3426 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3427 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3430 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3433 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3434 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3435 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3437 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3449 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3456 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3459 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3462 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3465 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3468 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3471 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3474 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3476 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3481 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3483 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3485 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3493 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3501 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3503 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3504 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3507 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3508 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3512 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3514 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3515 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3516 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3517 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3518 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3519 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3520 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3522 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3524 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3525 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3526 more compactly represents the same thing.
3532 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3538 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3540 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3542 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3544 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3545 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3546 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3547 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3548 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3549 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3551 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3553 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3555 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3556 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3558 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3559 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3565 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3566 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3567 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3568 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3569 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3570 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3571 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3572 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3573 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3575 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3576 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3580 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3582 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3583 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3584 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3585 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3590 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3592 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3594 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3595 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3596 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3597 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3598 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3599 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3600 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3603 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3609 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3612 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3617 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: