3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
4 * 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Very useful, no doubt, that was to Saruman; yet it seems that he was
13 * not content.' --Gandalf to Pippin
15 * [p.598 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
18 /* This file contains assorted utility routines.
19 * Which is a polite way of saying any stuff that people couldn't think of
20 * a better place for. Amongst other things, it includes the warning and
21 * dieing stuff, plus wrappers for malloc code.
25 #define PERL_IN_UTIL_C
29 #if defined(USE_PERLIO)
30 #include "perliol.h" /* For PerlIOUnix_refcnt */
36 # define SIG_ERR ((Sighandler_t) -1)
44 /* Missing protos on LynxOS */
49 # include "amigaos4/amigaio.h"
54 # include <sys/select.h>
58 #ifdef USE_C_BACKTRACE
62 # undef USE_BFD /* BFD is useless in OS X. */
72 # include <execinfo.h>
76 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
77 # include <sys/mman.h>
82 /* NOTE: Do not call the next three routines directly. Use the macros
83 * in handy.h, so that we can easily redefine everything to do tracking of
84 * allocated hunks back to the original New to track down any memory leaks.
85 * XXX This advice seems to be widely ignored :-( --AD August 1996.
88 #if defined (DEBUGGING) || defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS) || defined (PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
89 # define ALWAYS_NEED_THX
92 #if defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL) && defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
94 S_maybe_protect_rw(pTHX_ struct perl_memory_debug_header *header)
97 && mprotect(header, header->size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE))
98 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for COW string %p %lu failed with %d",
99 header, header->size, errno);
103 S_maybe_protect_ro(pTHX_ struct perl_memory_debug_header *header)
106 && mprotect(header, header->size, PROT_READ))
107 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for COW string %p %lu failed with %d",
108 header, header->size, errno);
110 # define maybe_protect_rw(foo) S_maybe_protect_rw(aTHX_ foo)
111 # define maybe_protect_ro(foo) S_maybe_protect_ro(aTHX_ foo)
113 # define maybe_protect_rw(foo) NOOP
114 # define maybe_protect_ro(foo) NOOP
117 #if defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL) || defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
118 /* Use memory_debug_header */
120 # if (defined(PERL_POISON) && defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)) \
121 || defined(PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW)
122 # define MDH_HAS_SIZE
126 /* paranoid version of system's malloc() */
129 Perl_safesysmalloc(MEM_SIZE size)
131 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
137 if (size + PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE < size)
139 size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
142 if ((SSize_t)size < 0)
143 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: malloc, size=%" UVuf, (UV) size);
145 if (!size) size = 1; /* malloc(0) is NASTY on our system */
146 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
147 if ((ptr = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
148 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
149 perror("mmap failed");
153 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(size?size:1);
155 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
158 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
159 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
163 PoisonNew(((char *)ptr), size, char);
166 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
167 header->interpreter = aTHX;
168 /* Link us into the list. */
169 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
170 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
171 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
172 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
173 header->next->prev = header;
174 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
175 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
176 header->readonly = 0;
182 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
183 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) malloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
191 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
203 /* paranoid version of system's realloc() */
206 Perl_safesysrealloc(Malloc_t where,MEM_SIZE size)
208 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
212 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
213 const MEM_SIZE oldsize = where
214 ? ((struct perl_memory_debug_header *)((char *)where - PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE))->size
217 #if !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) && !defined(PERL_MICRO)
218 Malloc_t PerlMem_realloc();
219 #endif /* !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_REALLOC_PROTOTYPE) */
226 ptr = safesysmalloc(size);
230 where = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
231 if (size + PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE < size)
233 size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
235 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
236 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where;
238 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
239 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
240 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc from wrong pool, %p!=%p",
241 header->interpreter, aTHX);
243 assert(header->next->prev == header);
244 assert(header->prev->next == header);
246 if (header->size > size) {
247 const MEM_SIZE freed_up = header->size - size;
248 char *start_of_freed = ((char *)where) + size;
249 PoisonFree(start_of_freed, freed_up, char);
259 if ((SSize_t)size < 0)
260 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: realloc, size=%" UVuf, (UV)size);
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
263 if ((ptr = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
264 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
265 perror("mmap failed");
268 Copy(where,ptr,oldsize < size ? oldsize : size,char);
269 if (munmap(where, oldsize)) {
270 perror("munmap failed");
274 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where,size);
276 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
278 /* MUST do this fixup first, before doing ANYTHING else, as anything else
279 might allocate memory/free/move memory, and until we do the fixup, it
280 may well be chasing (and writing to) free memory. */
282 #ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
283 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
284 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
287 if (header->size < size) {
288 const MEM_SIZE fresh = size - header->size;
289 char *start_of_fresh = ((char *)ptr) + size;
290 PoisonNew(start_of_fresh, fresh, char);
294 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
295 header->next->prev = header;
296 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
297 maybe_protect_rw(header->prev);
298 header->prev->next = header;
299 maybe_protect_ro(header->prev);
301 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
304 /* In particular, must do that fixup above before logging anything via
305 *printf(), as it can reallocate memory, which can cause SEGVs. */
307 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) rfree\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
308 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) realloc %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)size));
315 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
328 /* safe version of system's free() */
331 Perl_safesysfree(Malloc_t where)
333 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
336 DEBUG_m( PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) free\n",PTR2UV(where),(long)PL_an++));
339 Malloc_t where_intrn = (Malloc_t)((char*)where-PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
341 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
342 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)where_intrn;
345 const MEM_SIZE size = header->size;
347 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
348 if (header->interpreter != aTHX) {
349 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: free from wrong pool, %p!=%p",
350 header->interpreter, aTHX);
353 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: duplicate free");
356 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free, header->next==NULL");
357 if (header->next->prev != header || header->prev->next != header) {
358 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: bad free, ->next->prev=%p, "
359 "header=%p, ->prev->next=%p",
360 header->next->prev, header,
363 /* Unlink us from the chain. */
364 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
365 header->next->prev = header->prev;
366 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
367 maybe_protect_rw(header->prev);
368 header->prev->next = header->next;
369 maybe_protect_ro(header->prev);
370 maybe_protect_rw(header);
372 PoisonNew(where_intrn, size, char);
374 /* Trigger the duplicate free warning. */
377 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
378 if (munmap(where_intrn, size)) {
379 perror("munmap failed");
385 Malloc_t where_intrn = where;
387 #ifndef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
388 PerlMem_free(where_intrn);
393 /* safe version of system's calloc() */
396 Perl_safesyscalloc(MEM_SIZE count, MEM_SIZE size)
398 #ifdef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
402 #if defined(USE_MDH) || defined(DEBUGGING)
403 MEM_SIZE total_size = 0;
406 /* Even though calloc() for zero bytes is strange, be robust. */
407 if (size && (count <= MEM_SIZE_MAX / size)) {
408 #if defined(USE_MDH) || defined(DEBUGGING)
409 total_size = size * count;
415 if (PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE <= MEM_SIZE_MAX - (MEM_SIZE)total_size)
416 total_size += PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE;
421 if ((SSize_t)size < 0 || (SSize_t)count < 0)
422 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: calloc, size=%" UVuf ", count=%" UVuf,
423 (UV)size, (UV)count);
425 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
426 if ((ptr = mmap(0, total_size ? total_size : 1, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
427 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
428 perror("mmap failed");
431 #elif defined(PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL)
432 /* Have to use malloc() because we've added some space for our tracking
434 /* malloc(0) is non-portable. */
435 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(total_size ? total_size : 1);
437 /* Use calloc() because it might save a memset() if the memory is fresh
438 and clean from the OS. */
440 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(count, size);
441 else /* calloc(0) is non-portable. */
442 ptr = (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(count ? count : 1, size ? size : 1);
444 PERL_ALLOC_CHECK(ptr);
445 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "0x%" UVxf ": (%05ld) calloc %ld x %ld bytes\n",PTR2UV(ptr),(long)PL_an++,(long)count,(long)total_size));
449 struct perl_memory_debug_header *const header
450 = (struct perl_memory_debug_header *)ptr;
452 # ifndef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
453 memset((void*)ptr, 0, total_size);
455 # ifdef PERL_TRACK_MEMPOOL
456 header->interpreter = aTHX;
457 /* Link us into the list. */
458 header->prev = &PL_memory_debug_header;
459 header->next = PL_memory_debug_header.next;
460 PL_memory_debug_header.next = header;
461 maybe_protect_rw(header->next);
462 header->next->prev = header;
463 maybe_protect_ro(header->next);
464 # ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW
465 header->readonly = 0;
469 header->size = total_size;
471 ptr = (Malloc_t)((char*)ptr+PERL_MEMORY_DEBUG_HEADER_SIZE);
477 #ifndef ALWAYS_NEED_THX
486 /* These must be defined when not using Perl's malloc for binary
491 Malloc_t Perl_malloc (MEM_SIZE nbytes)
493 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
496 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_malloc(nbytes);
499 Malloc_t Perl_calloc (MEM_SIZE elements, MEM_SIZE size)
501 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
504 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_calloc(elements, size);
507 Malloc_t Perl_realloc (Malloc_t where, MEM_SIZE nbytes)
509 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
512 return (Malloc_t)PerlMem_realloc(where, nbytes);
515 Free_t Perl_mfree (Malloc_t where)
517 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
525 /* copy a string up to some (non-backslashed) delimiter, if any.
526 * With allow_escape, converts \<delimiter> to <delimiter>, while leaves
527 * \<non-delimiter> as-is.
528 * Returns the position in the src string of the closing delimiter, if
529 * any, or returns fromend otherwise.
530 * This is the internal implementation for Perl_delimcpy and
531 * Perl_delimcpy_no_escape.
535 S_delimcpy_intern(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from,
536 const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen,
537 const bool allow_escape)
541 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY;
543 for (tolen = 0; from < fromend; from++, tolen++) {
544 if (allow_escape && *from == '\\' && from + 1 < fromend) {
545 if (from[1] != delim) {
552 else if (*from == delim)
564 Perl_delimcpy(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from, const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen)
566 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY;
568 return S_delimcpy_intern(to, toend, from, fromend, delim, retlen, 1);
572 Perl_delimcpy_no_escape(char *to, const char *toend, const char *from,
573 const char *fromend, int delim, I32 *retlen)
575 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DELIMCPY_NO_ESCAPE;
577 return S_delimcpy_intern(to, toend, from, fromend, delim, retlen, 0);
581 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
583 =for apidoc Am|char *|ninstr|char * big|char * bigend|char * little|char * little_end
585 Find the first (leftmost) occurrence of a sequence of bytes within another
586 sequence. This is the Perl version of C<strstr()>, extended to handle
587 arbitrary sequences, potentially containing embedded C<NUL> characters (C<NUL>
588 is what the initial C<n> in the function name stands for; some systems have an
589 equivalent, C<memmem()>, but with a somewhat different API).
591 Another way of thinking about this function is finding a needle in a haystack.
592 C<big> points to the first byte in the haystack. C<big_end> points to one byte
593 beyond the final byte in the haystack. C<little> points to the first byte in
594 the needle. C<little_end> points to one byte beyond the final byte in the
595 needle. All the parameters must be non-C<NULL>.
597 The function returns C<NULL> if there is no occurrence of C<little> within
598 C<big>. If C<little> is the empty string, C<big> is returned.
600 Because this function operates at the byte level, and because of the inherent
601 characteristics of UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC), it will work properly if both the
602 needle and the haystack are strings with the same UTF-8ness, but not if the
610 Perl_ninstr(const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NINSTR;
615 return ninstr(big, bigend, little, lend);
621 const char first = *little;
622 bigend -= lend - little++;
624 while (big <= bigend) {
625 if (*big++ == first) {
627 for (x=big,s=little; s < lend; x++,s++) {
631 return (char*)(big-1);
642 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
644 =for apidoc Am|char *|rninstr|char * big|char * bigend|char * little|char * little_end
646 Like C<L</ninstr>>, but instead finds the final (rightmost) occurrence of a
647 sequence of bytes within another sequence, returning C<NULL> if there is no
655 Perl_rninstr(const char *big, const char *bigend, const char *little, const char *lend)
658 const I32 first = *little;
659 const char * const littleend = lend;
661 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RNINSTR;
663 if (little >= littleend)
664 return (char*)bigend;
666 big = bigend - (littleend - little++);
667 while (big >= bigbeg) {
671 for (x=big+2,s=little; s < littleend; /**/ ) {
680 return (char*)(big+1);
685 /* As a space optimization, we do not compile tables for strings of length
686 0 and 1, and for strings of length 2 unless FBMcf_TAIL. These are
687 special-cased in fbm_instr().
689 If FBMcf_TAIL, the table is created as if the string has a trailing \n. */
692 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
694 =for apidoc fbm_compile
696 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using C<fbm_instr()>
697 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
703 Perl_fbm_compile(pTHX_ SV *sv, U32 flags)
710 PERL_DEB( STRLEN rarest = 0 );
712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FBM_COMPILE;
714 if (isGV_with_GP(sv) || SvROK(sv))
720 if (flags & FBMcf_TAIL) {
721 MAGIC * const mg = SvUTF8(sv) && SvMAGICAL(sv) ? mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_utf8) : NULL;
722 sv_catpvs(sv, "\n"); /* Taken into account in fbm_instr() */
723 if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0)
726 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvNIOKp(sv))
727 s = (U8*)SvPV_force_mutable(sv, len);
728 else s = (U8 *)SvPV_mutable(sv, len);
729 if (len == 0) /* TAIL might be on a zero-length string. */
731 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
735 /* add PERL_MAGIC_bm magic holding the FBM lookup table */
737 assert(!mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_bm));
738 mg = sv_magicext(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_bm, &PL_vtbl_bm, NULL, 0);
742 /* Shorter strings are special-cased in Perl_fbm_instr(), and don't use
744 const U8 mlen = (len>255) ? 255 : (U8)len;
745 const unsigned char *const sb = s + len - mlen; /* first char (maybe) */
748 Newx(table, 256, U8);
749 memset((void*)table, mlen, 256);
750 mg->mg_ptr = (char *)table;
753 s += len - 1; /* last char */
756 if (table[*s] == mlen)
762 s = (const unsigned char*)(SvPVX_const(sv)); /* deeper magic */
763 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
764 if (PL_freq[s[i]] < frequency) {
765 PERL_DEB( rarest = i );
766 frequency = PL_freq[s[i]];
769 BmUSEFUL(sv) = 100; /* Initial value */
770 ((XPVNV*)SvANY(sv))->xnv_u.xnv_bm_tail = cBOOL(flags & FBMcf_TAIL);
771 DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "rarest char %c at %" UVuf "\n",
772 s[rarest], (UV)rarest));
777 =for apidoc fbm_instr
779 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<big> and
780 C<bigend> (C<bigend>) is the char following the last char).
781 It returns C<NULL> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
782 does not have to be C<fbm_compiled>, but the search will not be as fast
787 If SvTAIL(littlestr) is true, a fake "\n" was appended to to the string
788 during FBM compilation due to FBMcf_TAIL in flags. It indicates that
789 the littlestr must be anchored to the end of bigstr (or to any \n if
792 E.g. The regex compiler would compile /abc/ to a littlestr of "abc",
793 while /abc$/ compiles to "abc\n" with SvTAIL() true.
795 A littlestr of "abc", !SvTAIL matches as /abc/;
796 a littlestr of "ab\n", SvTAIL matches as:
797 without FBMrf_MULTILINE: /ab\n?\z/
798 with FBMrf_MULTILINE: /ab\n/ || /ab\z/;
800 (According to Ilya from 1999; I don't know if this is still true, DAPM 2015):
801 "If SvTAIL is actually due to \Z or \z, this gives false positives
807 Perl_fbm_instr(pTHX_ unsigned char *big, unsigned char *bigend, SV *littlestr, U32 flags)
811 const unsigned char *little = (const unsigned char *)SvPV_const(littlestr,l);
812 STRLEN littlelen = l;
813 const I32 multiline = flags & FBMrf_MULTILINE;
814 bool valid = SvVALID(littlestr);
815 bool tail = valid ? cBOOL(SvTAIL(littlestr)) : FALSE;
817 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FBM_INSTR;
819 if ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) < littlelen) {
821 && ((STRLEN)(bigend - big) == littlelen - 1)
823 || (*big == *little &&
824 memEQ((char *)big, (char *)little, littlelen - 1))))
829 switch (littlelen) { /* Special cases for 0, 1 and 2 */
831 return (char*)big; /* Cannot be SvTAIL! */
834 if (tail && !multiline) /* Anchor only! */
835 /* [-1] is safe because we know that bigend != big. */
836 return (char *) (bigend - (bigend[-1] == '\n'));
838 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)big, *little, bigend-big);
842 return (char *) bigend;
846 if (tail && !multiline) {
847 /* a littlestr with SvTAIL must be of the form "X\n" (where X
848 * is a single char). It is anchored, and can only match
849 * "....X\n" or "....X" */
850 if (bigend[-2] == *little && bigend[-1] == '\n')
851 return (char*)bigend - 2;
852 if (bigend[-1] == *little)
853 return (char*)bigend - 1;
858 /* memchr() is likely to be very fast, possibly using whatever
859 * hardware support is available, such as checking a whole
860 * cache line in one instruction.
861 * So for a 2 char pattern, calling memchr() is likely to be
862 * faster than running FBM, or rolling our own. The previous
863 * version of this code was roll-your-own which typically
864 * only needed to read every 2nd char, which was good back in
865 * the day, but no longer.
867 unsigned char c1 = little[0];
868 unsigned char c2 = little[1];
870 /* *** for all this case, bigend points to the last char,
871 * not the trailing \0: this makes the conditions slightly
877 /* do a quick test for c1 before calling memchr();
878 * this avoids the expensive fn call overhead when
879 * there are lots of c1's */
880 if (LIKELY(*s != c1)) {
882 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c1, bigend - s);
889 /* failed; try searching for c2 this time; that way
890 * we don't go pathologically slow when the string
891 * consists mostly of c1's or vice versa.
896 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c2, bigend - s + 1);
904 /* c1, c2 the same */
914 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, c1, bigend - s);
915 if (!s || s >= bigend)
922 /* failed to find 2 chars; try anchored match at end without
924 if (tail && bigend[0] == little[0])
925 return (char *)bigend;
930 break; /* Only lengths 0 1 and 2 have special-case code. */
933 if (tail && !multiline) { /* tail anchored? */
934 s = bigend - littlelen;
935 if (s >= big && bigend[-1] == '\n' && *s == *little
936 /* Automatically of length > 2 */
937 && memEQ((char*)s + 1, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
939 return (char*)s; /* how sweet it is */
942 && memEQ((char*)s + 2, (char*)little + 1, littlelen - 2))
944 return (char*)s + 1; /* how sweet it is */
950 /* not compiled; use Perl_ninstr() instead */
951 char * const b = ninstr((char*)big,(char*)bigend,
952 (char*)little, (char*)little + littlelen);
954 assert(!tail); /* valid => FBM; tail only set on SvVALID SVs */
959 if (littlelen > (STRLEN)(bigend - big))
963 const MAGIC *const mg = mg_find(littlestr, PERL_MAGIC_bm);
964 const unsigned char *oldlittle;
968 --littlelen; /* Last char found by table lookup */
971 little += littlelen; /* last char */
974 const unsigned char * const table = (const unsigned char *) mg->mg_ptr;
975 const unsigned char lastc = *little;
979 if ((tmp = table[*s])) {
980 /* *s != lastc; earliest position it could match now is
981 * tmp slots further on */
982 if ((s += tmp) >= bigend)
984 if (LIKELY(*s != lastc)) {
986 s = (unsigned char *)memchr((void*)s, lastc, bigend - s);
996 /* hand-rolled strncmp(): less expensive than calling the
997 * real function (maybe???) */
999 unsigned char * const olds = s;
1004 if (*--s == *--little)
1006 s = olds + 1; /* here we pay the price for failure */
1008 if (s < bigend) /* fake up continue to outer loop */
1018 && memEQ((char *)(bigend - littlelen),
1019 (char *)(oldlittle - littlelen), littlelen) )
1020 return (char*)bigend - littlelen;
1029 Returns true if the leading C<len> bytes of the strings C<s1> and C<s2> are the
1031 case-insensitively; false otherwise. Uppercase and lowercase ASCII range bytes
1032 match themselves and their opposite case counterparts. Non-cased and non-ASCII
1033 range bytes match only themselves.
1040 Perl_foldEQ(const char *s1, const char *s2, I32 len)
1042 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1043 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1045 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLDEQ;
1050 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold[*b])
1057 Perl_foldEQ_latin1(const char *s1, const char *s2, I32 len)
1059 /* Compare non-utf8 using Unicode (Latin1) semantics. Does not work on
1060 * MICRO_SIGN, LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S, nor
1061 * LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS, and does not check for these. Nor
1062 * does it check that the strings each have at least 'len' characters */
1064 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1065 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1067 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLDEQ_LATIN1;
1072 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold_latin1[*b]) {
1081 =for apidoc foldEQ_locale
1083 Returns true if the leading C<len> bytes of the strings C<s1> and C<s2> are the
1084 same case-insensitively in the current locale; false otherwise.
1090 Perl_foldEQ_locale(const char *s1, const char *s2, I32 len)
1093 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)s1;
1094 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)s2;
1096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLDEQ_LOCALE;
1101 if (*a != *b && *a != PL_fold_locale[*b])
1108 /* copy a string to a safe spot */
1111 =head1 Memory Management
1115 Perl's version of C<strdup()>. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated
1116 string which is a duplicate of C<pv>. The size of the string is
1117 determined by C<strlen()>, which means it may not contain embedded C<NUL>
1118 characters and must have a trailing C<NUL>. The memory allocated for the new
1119 string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
1121 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1122 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1123 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedpv>>.
1129 Perl_savepv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
1131 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1136 const STRLEN pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
1137 Newx(newaddr, pvlen, char);
1138 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, pvlen);
1142 /* same thing but with a known length */
1147 Perl's version of what C<strndup()> would be if it existed. Returns a
1148 pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first
1149 C<len> bytes from C<pv>, plus a trailing
1150 C<NUL> byte. The memory allocated for
1151 the new string can be freed with the C<Safefree()> function.
1153 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1154 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1155 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedpvn>>.
1161 Perl_savepvn(pTHX_ const char *pv, I32 len)
1164 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1168 Newx(newaddr,len+1,char);
1169 /* Give a meaning to NULL pointer mainly for the use in sv_magic() */
1171 /* might not be null terminated */
1172 newaddr[len] = '\0';
1173 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
1176 return (char *) ZeroD(newaddr,len+1,char);
1181 =for apidoc savesharedpv
1183 A version of C<savepv()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
1184 which is shared between threads.
1189 Perl_savesharedpv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
1194 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1199 pvlen = strlen(pv)+1;
1200 newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(pvlen);
1204 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, pvlen);
1208 =for apidoc savesharedpvn
1210 A version of C<savepvn()> which allocates the duplicate string in memory
1211 which is shared between threads. (With the specific difference that a C<NULL>
1212 pointer is not acceptable)
1217 Perl_savesharedpvn(pTHX_ const char *const pv, const STRLEN len)
1219 char *const newaddr = (char*)PerlMemShared_malloc(len + 1);
1221 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1222 /* PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESHAREDPVN; */
1227 newaddr[len] = '\0';
1228 return (char*)memcpy(newaddr, pv, len);
1232 =for apidoc savesvpv
1234 A version of C<savepv()>/C<savepvn()> which gets the string to duplicate from
1235 the passed in SV using C<SvPV()>
1237 On some platforms, Windows for example, all allocated memory owned by a thread
1238 is deallocated when that thread ends. So if you need that not to happen, you
1239 need to use the shared memory functions, such as C<L</savesharedsvpv>>.
1245 Perl_savesvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1248 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESVPV;
1254 Newx(newaddr,len,char);
1255 return (char *) CopyD(pv,newaddr,len,char);
1259 =for apidoc savesharedsvpv
1261 A version of C<savesharedpv()> which allocates the duplicate string in
1262 memory which is shared between threads.
1268 Perl_savesharedsvpv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
1271 const char * const pv = SvPV_const(sv, len);
1273 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVESHAREDSVPV;
1275 return savesharedpvn(pv, len);
1278 /* the SV for Perl_form() and mess() is not kept in an arena */
1286 if (PL_phase != PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT)
1287 return newSVpvs_flags("", SVs_TEMP);
1292 /* Create as PVMG now, to avoid any upgrading later */
1294 Newxz(any, 1, XPVMG);
1295 SvFLAGS(sv) = SVt_PVMG;
1296 SvANY(sv) = (void*)any;
1298 SvREFCNT(sv) = 1 << 30; /* practically infinite */
1303 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1305 Perl_form_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1310 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORM_NOCONTEXT;
1311 va_start(args, pat);
1312 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1316 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1319 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
1322 Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional
1323 (non-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string.
1325 (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1327 can be used any place a string (char *) is required:
1329 char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor);
1331 Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you
1332 must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you
1339 Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1343 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORM;
1344 va_start(args, pat);
1345 retval = vform(pat, &args);
1351 Perl_vform(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1353 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VFORM;
1355 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1360 =for apidoc Am|SV *|mess|const char *pat|...
1362 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1363 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1364 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1365 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1367 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1368 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of
1374 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1376 Perl_mess_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1381 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS_NOCONTEXT;
1382 va_start(args, pat);
1383 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1387 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1390 Perl_mess(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1394 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS;
1395 va_start(args, pat);
1396 retval = vmess(pat, &args);
1402 Perl_closest_cop(pTHX_ const COP *cop, const OP *o, const OP *curop,
1405 /* Look for curop starting from o. cop is the last COP we've seen. */
1406 /* opnext means that curop is actually the ->op_next of the op we are
1409 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CLOSEST_COP;
1411 if (!o || !curop || (
1412 opnext ? o->op_next == curop && o->op_type != OP_SCOPE : o == curop
1416 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1418 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = OpSIBLING(kid)) {
1421 /* If the OP_NEXTSTATE has been optimised away we can still use it
1422 * the get the file and line number. */
1424 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE)
1425 cop = (const COP *)kid;
1427 /* Keep searching, and return when we've found something. */
1429 new_cop = closest_cop(cop, kid, curop, opnext);
1435 /* Nothing found. */
1441 =for apidoc Am|SV *|mess_sv|SV *basemsg|bool consume
1443 Expands a message, intended for the user, to include an indication of
1444 the current location in the code, if the message does not already appear
1447 C<basemsg> is the initial message or object. If it is a reference, it
1448 will be used as-is and will be the result of this function. Otherwise it
1449 is used as a string, and if it already ends with a newline, it is taken
1450 to be complete, and the result of this function will be the same string.
1451 If the message does not end with a newline, then a segment such as C<at
1452 foo.pl line 37> will be appended, and possibly other clauses indicating
1453 the current state of execution. The resulting message will end with a
1456 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1457 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of this
1458 function. If C<consume> is true, then the function is permitted (but not
1459 required) to modify and return C<basemsg> instead of allocating a new SV.
1465 Perl_mess_sv(pTHX_ SV *basemsg, bool consume)
1469 #if defined(USE_C_BACKTRACE) && defined(USE_C_BACKTRACE_ON_ERROR)
1473 /* The PERL_C_BACKTRACE_ON_WARN must be an integer of one or more. */
1474 if ((ws = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_C_BACKTRACE_ON_ERROR"))
1475 && grok_atoUV(ws, &wi, NULL)
1476 && wi <= PERL_INT_MAX
1478 Perl_dump_c_backtrace(aTHX_ Perl_debug_log, (int)wi, 1);
1483 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MESS_SV;
1485 if (SvROK(basemsg)) {
1491 sv_setsv(sv, basemsg);
1496 if (SvPOK(basemsg) && consume) {
1501 sv_copypv(sv, basemsg);
1504 if (!SvCUR(sv) || *(SvEND(sv) - 1) != '\n') {
1506 * Try and find the file and line for PL_op. This will usually be
1507 * PL_curcop, but it might be a cop that has been optimised away. We
1508 * can try to find such a cop by searching through the optree starting
1509 * from the sibling of PL_curcop.
1514 closest_cop(PL_curcop, OpSIBLING(PL_curcop), PL_op, FALSE);
1519 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " at %s line %" IVdf,
1520 OutCopFILE(cop), (IV)CopLINE(cop));
1523 /* Seems that GvIO() can be untrustworthy during global destruction. */
1524 if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv) && (SvTYPE(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)) == SVt_PVIO)
1525 && IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)))
1528 const bool line_mode = (RsSIMPLE(PL_rs) &&
1529 *SvPV_const(PL_rs,l) == '\n' && l == 1);
1530 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, ", <%" SVf "> %s %" IVdf,
1531 SVfARG(PL_last_in_gv == PL_argvgv
1533 : sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(PL_last_in_gv)))),
1534 line_mode ? "line" : "chunk",
1535 (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)));
1537 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT)
1538 sv_catpvs(sv, " during global destruction");
1539 sv_catpvs(sv, ".\n");
1545 =for apidoc Am|SV *|vmess|const char *pat|va_list *args
1547 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1548 argument list, respectively. These are used to generate a string message. If
1550 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1551 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1554 Normally, the resulting message is returned in a new mortal SV.
1555 During global destruction a single SV may be shared between uses of
1562 Perl_vmess(pTHX_ const char *pat, va_list *args)
1564 SV * const sv = mess_alloc();
1566 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VMESS;
1568 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, strlen(pat), args, NULL, 0, NULL);
1569 return mess_sv(sv, 1);
1573 Perl_write_to_stderr(pTHX_ SV* msv)
1578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WRITE_TO_STDERR;
1580 if (PL_stderrgv && SvREFCNT(PL_stderrgv)
1581 && (io = GvIO(PL_stderrgv))
1582 && (mg = SvTIED_mg((const SV *)io, PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar)))
1583 Perl_magic_methcall(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(io), mg, SV_CONST(PRINT),
1584 G_SCALAR | G_DISCARD | G_WRITING_TO_STDERR, 1, msv);
1586 PerlIO * const serr = Perl_error_log;
1588 do_print(msv, serr);
1589 (void)PerlIO_flush(serr);
1594 =head1 Warning and Dieing
1597 /* Common code used in dieing and warning */
1600 S_with_queued_errors(pTHX_ SV *ex)
1602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WITH_QUEUED_ERRORS;
1603 if (PL_errors && SvCUR(PL_errors) && !SvROK(ex)) {
1604 sv_catsv(PL_errors, ex);
1605 ex = sv_mortalcopy(PL_errors);
1606 SvCUR_set(PL_errors, 0);
1612 S_invoke_exception_hook(pTHX_ SV *ex, bool warn)
1617 SV **const hook = warn ? &PL_warnhook : &PL_diehook;
1618 /* sv_2cv might call Perl_croak() or Perl_warner() */
1619 SV * const oldhook = *hook;
1627 cv = sv_2cv(oldhook, &stash, &gv, 0);
1629 if (cv && !CvDEPTH(cv) && (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv))) {
1639 exarg = newSVsv(ex);
1640 SvREADONLY_on(exarg);
1643 PUSHSTACKi(warn ? PERLSI_WARNHOOK : PERLSI_DIEHOOK);
1647 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
1656 =for apidoc Am|OP *|die_sv|SV *baseex
1658 Behaves the same as L</croak_sv>, except for the return type.
1659 It should be used only where the C<OP *> return type is required.
1660 The function never actually returns.
1666 # pragma warning( push )
1667 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1668 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1669 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1670 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1673 Perl_die_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1675 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIE_SV;
1678 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1681 # pragma warning( pop )
1685 =for apidoc Am|OP *|die|const char *pat|...
1687 Behaves the same as L</croak>, except for the return type.
1688 It should be used only where the C<OP *> return type is required.
1689 The function never actually returns.
1694 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1696 # pragma warning( push )
1697 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1698 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1699 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1700 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1703 Perl_die_nocontext(const char* pat, ...)
1707 va_start(args, pat);
1709 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1711 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1714 # pragma warning( pop )
1716 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1719 # pragma warning( push )
1720 # pragma warning( disable : 4646 ) /* warning C4646: function declared with
1721 __declspec(noreturn) has non-void return type */
1722 # pragma warning( disable : 4645 ) /* warning C4645: function declared with
1723 __declspec(noreturn) has a return statement */
1726 Perl_die(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...)
1729 va_start(args, pat);
1731 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1733 NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
1736 # pragma warning( pop )
1740 =for apidoc Am|void|croak_sv|SV *baseex
1742 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1744 C<baseex> is the error message or object. If it is a reference, it
1745 will be used as-is. Otherwise it is used as a string, and if it does
1746 not end with a newline then it will be extended with some indication of
1747 the current location in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1749 The error message or object will be used as an exception, by default
1750 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1751 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak_sv>
1752 function never returns normally.
1754 To die with a simple string message, the L</croak> function may be
1761 Perl_croak_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1763 SV *ex = with_queued_errors(mess_sv(baseex, 0));
1764 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CROAK_SV;
1765 invoke_exception_hook(ex, FALSE);
1770 =for apidoc Am|void|vcroak|const char *pat|va_list *args
1772 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1774 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1775 argument list. These are used to generate a string message. If the
1776 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1777 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1780 The error message will be used as an exception, by default
1781 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1782 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak>
1783 function never returns normally.
1785 For historical reasons, if C<pat> is null then the contents of C<ERRSV>
1786 (C<$@>) will be used as an error message or object instead of building an
1787 error message from arguments. If you want to throw a non-string object,
1788 or build an error message in an SV yourself, it is preferable to use
1789 the L</croak_sv> function, which does not involve clobbering C<ERRSV>.
1795 Perl_vcroak(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1797 SV *ex = with_queued_errors(pat ? vmess(pat, args) : mess_sv(ERRSV, 0));
1798 invoke_exception_hook(ex, FALSE);
1803 =for apidoc Am|void|croak|const char *pat|...
1805 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<die> function.
1807 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1808 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1809 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1810 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1812 The error message will be used as an exception, by default
1813 returning control to the nearest enclosing C<eval>, but subject to
1814 modification by a C<$SIG{__DIE__}> handler. In any case, the C<croak>
1815 function never returns normally.
1817 For historical reasons, if C<pat> is null then the contents of C<ERRSV>
1818 (C<$@>) will be used as an error message or object instead of building an
1819 error message from arguments. If you want to throw a non-string object,
1820 or build an error message in an SV yourself, it is preferable to use
1821 the L</croak_sv> function, which does not involve clobbering C<ERRSV>.
1826 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1828 Perl_croak_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1832 va_start(args, pat);
1834 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1837 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1840 Perl_croak(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1843 va_start(args, pat);
1845 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
1850 =for apidoc Am|void|croak_no_modify
1852 Exactly equivalent to C<Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s", PL_no_modify)>, but generates
1853 terser object code than using C<Perl_croak>. Less code used on exception code
1854 paths reduces CPU cache pressure.
1860 Perl_croak_no_modify(void)
1862 Perl_croak_nocontext( "%s", PL_no_modify);
1865 /* does not return, used in util.c perlio.c and win32.c
1866 This is typically called when malloc returns NULL.
1869 Perl_croak_no_mem(void)
1873 int fd = PerlIO_fileno(Perl_error_log);
1875 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
1877 /* Can't use PerlIO to write as it allocates memory */
1878 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, PL_no_mem, sizeof(PL_no_mem)-1));
1883 /* does not return, used only in POPSTACK */
1885 Perl_croak_popstack(void)
1888 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: POPSTACK\n");
1893 =for apidoc Am|void|warn_sv|SV *baseex
1895 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1897 C<baseex> is the error message or object. If it is a reference, it
1898 will be used as-is. Otherwise it is used as a string, and if it does
1899 not end with a newline then it will be extended with some indication of
1900 the current location in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1902 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1903 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1905 To warn with a simple string message, the L</warn> function may be
1912 Perl_warn_sv(pTHX_ SV *baseex)
1914 SV *ex = mess_sv(baseex, 0);
1915 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN_SV;
1916 if (!invoke_exception_hook(ex, TRUE))
1917 write_to_stderr(ex);
1921 =for apidoc Am|void|vwarn|const char *pat|va_list *args
1923 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1925 C<pat> and C<args> are a sprintf-style format pattern and encapsulated
1926 argument list. These are used to generate a string message. If the
1927 message does not end with a newline, then it will be extended with
1928 some indication of the current location in the code, as described for
1931 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1932 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1934 Unlike with L</vcroak>, C<pat> is not permitted to be null.
1940 Perl_vwarn(pTHX_ const char* pat, va_list *args)
1942 SV *ex = vmess(pat, args);
1943 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VWARN;
1944 if (!invoke_exception_hook(ex, TRUE))
1945 write_to_stderr(ex);
1949 =for apidoc Am|void|warn|const char *pat|...
1951 This is an XS interface to Perl's C<warn> function.
1953 Take a sprintf-style format pattern and argument list. These are used to
1954 generate a string message. If the message does not end with a newline,
1955 then it will be extended with some indication of the current location
1956 in the code, as described for L</mess_sv>.
1958 The error message or object will by default be written to standard error,
1959 but this is subject to modification by a C<$SIG{__WARN__}> handler.
1961 Unlike with L</croak>, C<pat> is not permitted to be null.
1966 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1968 Perl_warn_nocontext(const char *pat, ...)
1972 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN_NOCONTEXT;
1973 va_start(args, pat);
1977 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
1980 Perl_warn(pTHX_ const char *pat, ...)
1983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARN;
1984 va_start(args, pat);
1989 #if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
1991 Perl_warner_nocontext(U32 err, const char *pat, ...)
1995 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARNER_NOCONTEXT;
1996 va_start(args, pat);
1997 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2000 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT */
2003 Perl_ck_warner_d(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, ...)
2005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_WARNER_D;
2007 if (Perl_ckwarn_d(aTHX_ err)) {
2009 va_start(args, pat);
2010 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2016 Perl_ck_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, ...)
2018 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CK_WARNER;
2020 if (Perl_ckwarn(aTHX_ err)) {
2022 va_start(args, pat);
2023 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2029 Perl_warner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat,...)
2032 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WARNER;
2033 va_start(args, pat);
2034 vwarner(err, pat, &args);
2039 Perl_vwarner(pTHX_ U32 err, const char* pat, va_list* args)
2042 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VWARNER;
2044 (PL_warnhook == PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL || ckDEAD(err)) &&
2045 !(PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2047 SV * const msv = vmess(pat, args);
2049 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count) {
2053 invoke_exception_hook(msv, FALSE);
2058 Perl_vwarn(aTHX_ pat, args);
2062 /* implements the ckWARN? macros */
2065 Perl_ckwarn(pTHX_ U32 w)
2067 /* If lexical warnings have not been set, use $^W. */
2069 return PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON;
2071 return ckwarn_common(w);
2074 /* implements the ckWARN?_d macro */
2077 Perl_ckwarn_d(pTHX_ U32 w)
2079 /* If lexical warnings have not been set then default classes warn. */
2083 return ckwarn_common(w);
2087 S_ckwarn_common(pTHX_ U32 w)
2089 if (PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_ALL)
2092 if (PL_curcop->cop_warnings == pWARN_NONE)
2095 /* Check the assumption that at least the first slot is non-zero. */
2096 assert(unpackWARN1(w));
2098 /* Check the assumption that it is valid to stop as soon as a zero slot is
2100 if (!unpackWARN2(w)) {
2101 assert(!unpackWARN3(w));
2102 assert(!unpackWARN4(w));
2103 } else if (!unpackWARN3(w)) {
2104 assert(!unpackWARN4(w));
2107 /* Right, dealt with all the special cases, which are implemented as non-
2108 pointers, so there is a pointer to a real warnings mask. */
2110 if (isWARN_on(PL_curcop->cop_warnings, unpackWARN1(w)))
2112 } while (w >>= WARNshift);
2117 /* Set buffer=NULL to get a new one. */
2119 Perl_new_warnings_bitfield(pTHX_ STRLEN *buffer, const char *const bits,
2121 const MEM_SIZE len_wanted =
2122 sizeof(STRLEN) + (size > WARNsize ? size : WARNsize);
2123 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2124 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_WARNINGS_BITFIELD;
2127 (specialWARN(buffer) ?
2128 PerlMemShared_malloc(len_wanted) :
2129 PerlMemShared_realloc(buffer, len_wanted));
2131 Copy(bits, (buffer + 1), size, char);
2132 if (size < WARNsize)
2133 Zero((char *)(buffer + 1) + size, WARNsize - size, char);
2137 /* since we've already done strlen() for both nam and val
2138 * we can use that info to make things faster than
2139 * sprintf(s, "%s=%s", nam, val)
2141 #define my_setenv_format(s, nam, nlen, val, vlen) \
2142 Copy(nam, s, nlen, char); \
2144 Copy(val, s+(nlen+1), vlen, char); \
2145 *(s+(nlen+1+vlen)) = '\0'
2147 #ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
2148 /* VMS' my_setenv() is in vms.c */
2149 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(NETWARE)
2151 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
2155 amigaos4_obtain_environ(__FUNCTION__);
2158 /* only parent thread can modify process environment */
2159 if (PL_curinterp == aTHX)
2162 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
2163 if (!PL_use_safe_putenv) {
2164 /* most putenv()s leak, so we manipulate environ directly */
2166 const I32 len = strlen(nam);
2169 /* where does it go? */
2170 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
2171 if (strnEQ(environ[i],nam,len) && environ[i][len] == '=')
2175 if (environ == PL_origenviron) { /* need we copy environment? */
2181 while (environ[max])
2183 tmpenv = (char**)safesysmalloc((max+2) * sizeof(char*));
2184 for (j=0; j<max; j++) { /* copy environment */
2185 const int len = strlen(environ[j]);
2186 tmpenv[j] = (char*)safesysmalloc((len+1)*sizeof(char));
2187 Copy(environ[j], tmpenv[j], len+1, char);
2190 environ = tmpenv; /* tell exec where it is now */
2193 safesysfree(environ[i]);
2194 while (environ[i]) {
2195 environ[i] = environ[i+1];
2204 if (!environ[i]) { /* does not exist yet */
2205 environ = (char**)safesysrealloc(environ, (i+2) * sizeof(char*));
2206 environ[i+1] = NULL; /* make sure it's null terminated */
2209 safesysfree(environ[i]);
2213 environ[i] = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen+vlen+2) * sizeof(char));
2214 /* all that work just for this */
2215 my_setenv_format(environ[i], nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2218 /* This next branch should only be called #if defined(HAS_SETENV), but
2219 Configure doesn't test for that yet. For Solaris, setenv() and unsetenv()
2220 were introduced in Solaris 9, so testing for HAS UNSETENV is sufficient.
2222 # if defined(__CYGWIN__)|| defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__riscos__) || (defined(__sun) && defined(HAS_UNSETENV)) || defined(PERL_DARWIN)
2223 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
2225 (void)unsetenv(nam);
2227 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
2229 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
2230 (void)setenv(nam, val, 1);
2231 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
2233 # if defined(HAS_UNSETENV)
2235 if (environ) /* old glibc can crash with null environ */
2236 (void)unsetenv(nam);
2238 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2239 const int vlen = strlen(val);
2240 char * const new_env =
2241 (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
2242 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2243 (void)putenv(new_env);
2245 # else /* ! HAS_UNSETENV */
2247 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2253 new_env = (char*)safesysmalloc((nlen + vlen + 2) * sizeof(char));
2254 /* all that work just for this */
2255 my_setenv_format(new_env, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2256 (void)putenv(new_env);
2257 # endif /* HAS_UNSETENV */
2258 # endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
2259 #ifndef PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV
2265 amigaos4_release_environ(__FUNCTION__);
2269 #else /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
2272 Perl_my_setenv(pTHX_ const char *nam, const char *val)
2276 const int nlen = strlen(nam);
2283 Newx(envstr, nlen+vlen+2, char);
2284 my_setenv_format(envstr, nam, nlen, val, vlen);
2285 (void)PerlEnv_putenv(envstr);
2289 #endif /* WIN32 || NETWARE */
2293 #ifdef UNLINK_ALL_VERSIONS
2295 Perl_unlnk(pTHX_ const char *f) /* unlink all versions of a file */
2299 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNLNK;
2301 while (PerlLIO_unlink(f) >= 0)
2303 return retries ? 0 : -1;
2307 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bcopy(), except for the return
2308 * value, which we need to be able to emulate memcpy() */
2309 #if !defined(HAS_MEMCPY) || (!defined(HAS_MEMMOVE) && !defined(HAS_SAFE_MEMCPY))
2311 Perl_my_bcopy(const void *vfrom, void *vto, size_t len)
2313 #if defined(HAS_BCOPY) && defined(HAS_SAFE_BCOPY)
2314 bcopy(vfrom, vto, len);
2316 const unsigned char *from = (const unsigned char *)vfrom;
2317 unsigned char *to = (unsigned char *)vto;
2319 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_BCOPY;
2321 if (from - to >= 0) {
2329 *(--to) = *(--from);
2337 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memset() */
2340 Perl_my_memset(void *vloc, int ch, size_t len)
2342 unsigned char *loc = (unsigned char *)vloc;
2344 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_MEMSET;
2352 /* this is a drop-in replacement for bzero() */
2353 #if !defined(HAS_BZERO) && !defined(HAS_MEMSET)
2355 Perl_my_bzero(void *vloc, size_t len)
2357 unsigned char *loc = (unsigned char *)vloc;
2359 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_BZERO;
2367 /* this is a drop-in replacement for memcmp() */
2368 #if !defined(HAS_MEMCMP) || !defined(HAS_SANE_MEMCMP)
2370 Perl_my_memcmp(const void *vs1, const void *vs2, size_t len)
2372 const U8 *a = (const U8 *)vs1;
2373 const U8 *b = (const U8 *)vs2;
2376 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_MEMCMP;
2379 if ((tmp = *a++ - *b++))
2384 #endif /* !HAS_MEMCMP || !HAS_SANE_MEMCMP */
2387 /* This vsprintf replacement should generally never get used, since
2388 vsprintf was available in both System V and BSD 2.11. (There may
2389 be some cross-compilation or embedded set-ups where it is needed,
2392 If you encounter a problem in this function, it's probably a symptom
2393 that Configure failed to detect your system's vprintf() function.
2394 See the section on "item vsprintf" in the INSTALL file.
2396 This version may compile on systems with BSD-ish <stdio.h>,
2397 but probably won't on others.
2400 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
2405 vsprintf(char *dest, const char *pat, void *args)
2409 #if defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE) && defined(STDIO_CNT_LVALUE)
2410 FILE_ptr(&fakebuf) = (STDCHAR *) dest;
2411 FILE_cnt(&fakebuf) = 32767;
2413 /* These probably won't compile -- If you really need
2414 this, you'll have to figure out some other method. */
2415 fakebuf._ptr = dest;
2416 fakebuf._cnt = 32767;
2421 fakebuf._flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
2422 _doprnt(pat, args, &fakebuf); /* what a kludge */
2423 #if defined(STDIO_PTR_LVALUE)
2424 *(FILE_ptr(&fakebuf)++) = '\0';
2426 /* PerlIO has probably #defined away fputc, but we want it here. */
2428 # undef fputc /* XXX Should really restore it later */
2430 (void)fputc('\0', &fakebuf);
2432 #ifdef USE_CHAR_VSPRINTF
2435 return 0; /* perl doesn't use return value */
2439 #endif /* HAS_VPRINTF */
2442 Perl_my_popen_list(pTHX_ const char *mode, int n, SV **args)
2444 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(OS2) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(NETWARE) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2452 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_POPEN_LIST;
2454 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2455 This = (*mode == 'w');
2459 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2461 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2463 /* Try for another pipe pair for error return */
2464 if (PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2466 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2467 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2468 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2469 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2471 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2472 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2476 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds");
2485 /* Close parent's end of error status pipe (if any) */
2487 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2488 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD) && defined(FD_CLOEXEC)
2489 /* Close error pipe automatically if exec works */
2490 if (fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2494 /* Now dup our end of _the_ pipe to right position */
2495 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2496 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2497 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2498 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2499 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2502 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]); /* close parent's end of _the_ pipe */
2503 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2504 /* No automatic close - do it by hand */
2511 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++) {
2517 do_aexec5(NULL, args-1, args-1+n, pp[1], did_pipes);
2523 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on fork */
2525 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2526 /* Keep the lower of the two fd numbers */
2527 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2528 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2529 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2533 PerlLIO_close(p[that]); /* close child's end of pipe */
2535 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2536 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2538 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2539 /* If we managed to get status pipe check for exec fail */
2540 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2544 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2545 const SSize_t n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2546 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2552 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2554 if (n) { /* Error */
2556 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2557 if (n != sizeof(int))
2558 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
2560 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2561 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2562 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2567 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2568 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2570 # if defined(OS2) /* Same, without fork()ing and all extra overhead... */
2571 return my_syspopen4(aTHX_ NULL, mode, n, args);
2572 # elif defined(WIN32)
2573 return win32_popenlist(mode, n, args);
2575 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "List form of piped open not implemented");
2576 return (PerlIO *) NULL;
2581 /* VMS' my_popen() is in VMS.c, same with OS/2 and AmigaOS 4. */
2582 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
2584 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2590 const I32 doexec = !(*cmd == '-' && cmd[1] == '\0');
2594 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_POPEN;
2596 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2599 return my_syspopen(aTHX_ cmd,mode);
2602 This = (*mode == 'w');
2604 if (doexec && TAINTING_get) {
2606 taint_proper("Insecure %s%s", "EXEC");
2608 if (PerlProc_pipe(p) < 0)
2610 if (doexec && PerlProc_pipe(pp) >= 0)
2612 while ((pid = PerlProc_fork()) < 0) {
2613 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
2614 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2615 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2617 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2618 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2621 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't fork: %s", Strerror(errno));
2624 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PIPE), "Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds");
2634 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2635 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
2636 if (fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0)
2640 if (p[THIS] != (*mode == 'r')) {
2641 PerlLIO_dup2(p[THIS], *mode == 'r');
2642 PerlLIO_close(p[THIS]);
2643 if (p[THAT] != (*mode == 'r')) /* if dup2() didn't close it */
2644 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2647 PerlLIO_close(p[THAT]);
2650 #if !defined(HAS_FCNTL) || !defined(F_SETFD)
2657 for (fd = PL_maxsysfd + 1; fd < NOFILE; fd++)
2662 /* may or may not use the shell */
2663 do_exec3(cmd, pp[1], did_pipes);
2666 #endif /* defined OS2 */
2668 #ifdef PERLIO_USING_CRLF
2669 /* Since we circumvent IO layers when we manipulate low-level
2670 filedescriptors directly, need to manually switch to the
2671 default, binary, low-level mode; see PerlIOBuf_open(). */
2672 PerlLIO_setmode((*mode == 'r'), O_BINARY);
2675 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
2676 hv_clear(PL_pidstatus); /* we have no children */
2682 do_execfree(); /* free any memory malloced by child on vfork */
2684 PerlLIO_close(pp[1]);
2685 if (p[that] < p[This]) {
2686 PerlLIO_dup2(p[This], p[that]);
2687 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2691 PerlLIO_close(p[that]);
2693 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,p[This],TRUE);
2694 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
2696 PL_forkprocess = pid;
2697 if (did_pipes && pid > 0) {
2701 while (n < sizeof(int)) {
2702 const SSize_t n1 = PerlLIO_read(pp[0],
2703 (void*)(((char*)&errkid)+n),
2709 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2711 if (n) { /* Error */
2713 PerlLIO_close(p[This]);
2714 if (n != sizeof(int))
2715 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: kid popen errno read, n=%u", n);
2717 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
2718 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
2719 errno = errkid; /* Propagate errno from kid */
2724 PerlLIO_close(pp[0]);
2725 return PerlIO_fdopen(p[This], mode);
2729 FILE *djgpp_popen();
2731 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2733 PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
2734 /* Call system's popen() to get a FILE *, then import it.
2735 used 0 for 2nd parameter to PerlIO_importFILE;
2738 return PerlIO_importFILE(djgpp_popen(cmd, mode), 0);
2741 #if defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
2743 Perl_my_popen(pTHX_ const char *cmd, const char *mode)
2750 #endif /* !DOSISH */
2752 /* this is called in parent before the fork() */
2754 Perl_atfork_lock(void)
2755 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2757 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_perlio_mutex)
2760 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_malloc_mutex)
2762 PERL_TSA_ACQUIRE(PL_op_mutex)
2765 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2767 /* locks must be held in locking order (if any) */
2769 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_perlio_mutex);
2772 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2778 /* this is called in both parent and child after the fork() */
2780 Perl_atfork_unlock(void)
2781 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2783 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_perlio_mutex)
2786 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_malloc_mutex)
2788 PERL_TSA_RELEASE(PL_op_mutex)
2791 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
2793 /* locks must be released in same order as in atfork_lock() */
2795 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_perlio_mutex);
2798 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex);
2807 #if defined(HAS_FORK)
2809 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(HAS_PTHREAD_ATFORK)
2814 /* atfork_lock() and atfork_unlock() are installed as pthread_atfork()
2815 * handlers elsewhere in the code */
2819 #elif defined(__amigaos4__)
2820 return amigaos_fork();
2822 /* this "canna happen" since nothing should be calling here if !HAS_FORK */
2823 Perl_croak_nocontext("fork() not available");
2825 #endif /* HAS_FORK */
2830 dup2(int oldfd, int newfd)
2832 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_DUPFD)
2835 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2836 return fcntl(oldfd, F_DUPFD, newfd);
2838 #define DUP2_MAX_FDS 256
2839 int fdtmp[DUP2_MAX_FDS];
2845 PerlLIO_close(newfd);
2846 /* good enough for low fd's... */
2847 while ((fd = PerlLIO_dup(oldfd)) != newfd && fd >= 0) {
2848 if (fdx >= DUP2_MAX_FDS) {
2856 PerlLIO_close(fdtmp[--fdx]);
2863 #ifdef HAS_SIGACTION
2866 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2868 struct sigaction act, oact;
2872 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2873 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2874 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2877 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2878 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2881 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2882 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2884 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2885 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2886 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2888 if (sigaction(signo, &act, &oact) == -1)
2889 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2891 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2895 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2897 struct sigaction oact;
2898 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2900 if (sigaction(signo, (struct sigaction *)NULL, &oact) == -1)
2901 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2903 return (Sighandler_t) oact.sa_handler;
2907 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2912 struct sigaction act;
2914 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RSIGNAL_SAVE;
2917 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2918 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2922 act.sa_handler = (void(*)(int))handler;
2923 sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
2926 if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
2927 act.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART; /* SVR4, 4.3+BSD */
2929 #if defined(SA_NOCLDWAIT) && !defined(BSDish) /* See [perl #18849] */
2930 if (signo == SIGCHLD && handler == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
2931 act.sa_flags |= SA_NOCLDWAIT;
2933 return sigaction(signo, &act, save);
2937 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
2942 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2944 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2945 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2949 return sigaction(signo, save, (struct sigaction *)NULL);
2952 #else /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
2955 Perl_rsignal(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler)
2957 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2958 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2959 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2960 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2963 return PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
2974 Perl_rsignal_state(pTHX_ int signo)
2977 Sighandler_t oldsig;
2979 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2980 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2981 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
2982 return (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR;
2986 oldsig = PerlProc_signal(signo, sig_trap);
2987 PerlProc_signal(signo, oldsig);
2989 PerlProc_kill(PerlProc_getpid(), signo);
2994 Perl_rsignal_save(pTHX_ int signo, Sighandler_t handler, Sigsave_t *save)
2996 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
2997 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
2998 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
3001 *save = PerlProc_signal(signo, handler);
3002 return (*save == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
3006 Perl_rsignal_restore(pTHX_ int signo, Sigsave_t *save)
3008 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && !defined(WIN32)
3009 /* only "parent" interpreter can diddle signals */
3010 if (PL_curinterp != aTHX)
3013 return (PerlProc_signal(signo, *save) == (Sighandler_t) SIG_ERR) ? -1 : 0;
3016 #endif /* !HAS_SIGACTION */
3017 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
3019 /* VMS' my_pclose() is in VMS.c; same with OS/2 */
3020 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(HAS_FORK)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__) && !defined(__amigaos4__)
3022 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3030 const int fd = PerlIO_fileno(ptr);
3033 svp = av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
3034 pid = (SvTYPE(*svp) == SVt_IV) ? SvIVX(*svp) : -1;
3038 #if defined(USE_PERLIO)
3039 /* Find out whether the refcount is low enough for us to wait for the
3040 child proc without blocking. */
3041 should_wait = PerlIOUnix_refcnt(fd) == 1 && pid > 0;
3043 should_wait = pid > 0;
3047 if (pid == -1) { /* Opened by popen. */
3048 return my_syspclose(ptr);
3051 close_failed = (PerlIO_close(ptr) == EOF);
3053 if (should_wait) do {
3054 pid2 = wait4pid(pid, &status, 0);
3055 } while (pid2 == -1 && errno == EINTR);
3062 ? pid2 < 0 ? pid2 : status == 0 ? 0 : (errno = 0, status)
3067 #if defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
3069 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3074 #endif /* !DOSISH */
3076 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32) || defined(NETWARE)) && !defined(__LIBCATAMOUNT__)
3078 Perl_wait4pid(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int *statusp, int flags)
3081 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_WAIT4PID;
3082 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
3084 /* PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS is only defined when neither
3085 waitpid() nor wait4() is available, or on OS/2, which
3086 doesn't appear to support waiting for a progress group
3087 member, so we can only treat a 0 pid as an unknown child.
3094 /* The keys in PL_pidstatus are now the raw 4 (or 8) bytes of the
3095 pid, rather than a string form. */
3096 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),FALSE);
3097 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef) {
3098 *statusp = SvIVX(*svp);
3099 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,(const char*) &pid,sizeof(Pid_t),
3107 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
3108 if ((entry = hv_iternext(PL_pidstatus))) {
3109 SV * const sv = hv_iterval(PL_pidstatus,entry);
3111 const char * const spid = hv_iterkey(entry,&len);
3113 assert (len == sizeof(Pid_t));
3114 memcpy((char *)&pid, spid, len);
3115 *statusp = SvIVX(sv);
3116 /* The hash iterator is currently on this entry, so simply
3117 calling hv_delete would trigger the lazy delete, which on
3118 aggregate does more work, because next call to hv_iterinit()
3119 would spot the flag, and have to call the delete routine,
3120 while in the meantime any new entries can't re-use that
3122 hv_iterinit(PL_pidstatus);
3123 (void)hv_delete(PL_pidstatus,spid,len,G_DISCARD);
3130 # ifdef HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME
3131 if (!HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
3134 result = PerlProc_waitpid(pid,statusp,flags);
3137 #if !defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAIT4)
3138 result = wait4(pid,statusp,flags,NULL);
3141 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
3142 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) && defined(HAS_WAITPID_RUNTIME)
3147 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do waitpid with flags");
3149 while ((result = PerlProc_wait(statusp)) != pid && pid > 0 && result >= 0)
3150 pidgone(result,*statusp);
3156 #if defined(HAS_WAITPID) || defined(HAS_WAIT4)
3159 if (result < 0 && errno == EINTR) {
3161 errno = EINTR; /* reset in case a signal handler changed $! */
3165 #endif /* !DOSISH || OS2 || WIN32 || NETWARE */
3167 #ifdef PERL_USES_PL_PIDSTATUS
3169 S_pidgone(pTHX_ Pid_t pid, int status)
3173 sv = *hv_fetch(PL_pidstatus,(const char*)&pid,sizeof(Pid_t),TRUE);
3174 SvUPGRADE(sv,SVt_IV);
3175 SvIV_set(sv, status);
3183 int /* Cannot prototype with I32
3185 my_syspclose(PerlIO *ptr)
3188 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3191 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
3192 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
3193 const I32 result = pclose(f);
3194 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
3202 Perl_my_pclose(pTHX_ PerlIO *ptr)
3204 /* Needs work for PerlIO ! */
3205 FILE * const f = PerlIO_findFILE(ptr);
3206 I32 result = djgpp_pclose(f);
3207 result = (result << 8) & 0xff00;
3208 PerlIO_releaseFILE(ptr,f);
3213 #define PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR 4
3215 Perl_repeatcpy(char *to, const char *from, I32 len, IV count)
3217 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REPEATCPY;
3222 croak_memory_wrap();
3225 memset(to, *from, count);
3228 IV items, linear, half;
3230 linear = count < PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR ? count : PERL_REPEATCPY_LINEAR;
3231 for (items = 0; items < linear; ++items) {
3232 const char *q = from;
3234 for (todo = len; todo > 0; todo--)
3239 while (items <= half) {
3240 IV size = items * len;
3241 memcpy(p, to, size);
3247 memcpy(p, to, (count - items) * len);
3253 Perl_same_dirent(pTHX_ const char *a, const char *b)
3255 char *fa = strrchr(a,'/');
3256 char *fb = strrchr(b,'/');
3259 SV * const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
3261 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAME_DIRENT;
3274 sv_setpvs(tmpsv, ".");
3276 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, a, fa - a);
3277 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf1) < 0)
3280 sv_setpvs(tmpsv, ".");
3282 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, b, fb - b);
3283 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX_const(tmpsv), &tmpstatbuf2) < 0)
3285 return tmpstatbuf1.st_dev == tmpstatbuf2.st_dev &&
3286 tmpstatbuf1.st_ino == tmpstatbuf2.st_ino;
3288 #endif /* !HAS_RENAME */
3291 Perl_find_script(pTHX_ const char *scriptname, bool dosearch,
3292 const char *const *const search_ext, I32 flags)
3294 const char *xfound = NULL;
3295 char *xfailed = NULL;
3296 char tmpbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
3301 #if defined(DOSISH) && !defined(OS2)
3302 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".bat", ".cmd", NULL
3303 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3306 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".cmd", ".btm", ".bat", ".pl", NULL
3307 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3310 # define SEARCH_EXTS ".pl", ".com", NULL
3311 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 4
3313 /* additional extensions to try in each dir if scriptname not found */
3315 static const char *const exts[] = { SEARCH_EXTS };
3316 const char *const *const ext = search_ext ? search_ext : exts;
3317 int extidx = 0, i = 0;
3318 const char *curext = NULL;
3320 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(search_ext);
3321 # define MAX_EXT_LEN 0
3324 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_SCRIPT;
3327 * If dosearch is true and if scriptname does not contain path
3328 * delimiters, search the PATH for scriptname.
3330 * If SEARCH_EXTS is also defined, will look for each
3331 * scriptname{SEARCH_EXTS} whenever scriptname is not found
3332 * while searching the PATH.
3334 * Assuming SEARCH_EXTS is C<".foo",".bar",NULL>, PATH search
3335 * proceeds as follows:
3336 * If DOSISH or VMSISH:
3337 * + look for ./scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3338 * + search the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar}
3341 * + look *only* in the PATH for scriptname{,.foo,.bar} (note
3342 * this will not look in '.' if it's not in the PATH)
3347 # ifdef ALWAYS_DEFTYPES
3348 len = strlen(scriptname);
3349 if (!(len == 1 && *scriptname == '-') && scriptname[len-1] != ':') {
3350 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3353 const int hasdir = !dosearch || (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
3356 int idx = 0, deftypes = 1;
3359 const int hasdir = (strpbrk(scriptname,":[</") != NULL);
3361 /* The first time through, just add SEARCH_EXTS to whatever we
3362 * already have, so we can check for default file types. */
3364 (!hasdir && my_trnlnm("DCL$PATH",tmpbuf,idx++)) )
3371 if ((strlen(tmpbuf) + strlen(scriptname)
3372 + MAX_EXT_LEN) >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3373 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3374 my_strlcat(tmpbuf, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf));
3378 if (strEQ(scriptname, "-"))
3380 if (dosearch) { /* Look in '.' first. */
3381 const char *cur = scriptname;
3383 if ((curext = strrchr(scriptname,'.'))) /* possible current ext */
3385 if (strEQ(ext[i++],curext)) {
3386 extidx = -1; /* already has an ext */
3391 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3392 "Looking for %s\n",cur));
3395 if (PerlLIO_stat(cur,&statbuf) >= 0
3396 && !S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
3405 if (cur == scriptname) {
3406 len = strlen(scriptname);
3407 if (len+MAX_EXT_LEN+1 >= sizeof(tmpbuf))
3409 my_strlcpy(tmpbuf, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf));
3412 } while (extidx >= 0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3413 && my_strlcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++], sizeof(tmpbuf) - len));
3418 if (dosearch && !strchr(scriptname, '/')
3420 && !strchr(scriptname, '\\')
3422 && (s = PerlEnv_getenv("PATH")))
3426 bufend = s + strlen(s);
3427 while (s < bufend) {
3431 && *s != ';'; len++, s++) {
3432 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3435 if (len < sizeof tmpbuf)
3438 s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf, s, bufend,
3444 if (len + 1 + strlen(scriptname) + MAX_EXT_LEN >= sizeof tmpbuf)
3445 continue; /* don't search dir with too-long name */
3448 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '/'
3449 && tmpbuf[len - 1] != '\\'
3452 tmpbuf[len++] = '/';
3453 if (len == 2 && tmpbuf[0] == '.')
3455 (void)my_strlcpy(tmpbuf + len, scriptname, sizeof(tmpbuf) - len);
3459 len = strlen(tmpbuf);
3460 if (extidx > 0) /* reset after previous loop */
3464 DEBUG_p(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Looking for %s\n",tmpbuf));
3465 retval = PerlLIO_stat(tmpbuf,&statbuf);
3466 if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
3470 } while ( retval < 0 /* not there */
3471 && extidx>=0 && ext[extidx] /* try an extension? */
3472 && my_strlcpy(tmpbuf+len, ext[extidx++], sizeof(tmpbuf) - len)
3477 if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)
3478 && cando(S_IRUSR,TRUE,&statbuf)
3479 #if !defined(DOSISH)
3480 && cando(S_IXUSR,TRUE,&statbuf)
3484 xfound = tmpbuf; /* bingo! */
3488 xfailed = savepv(tmpbuf);
3493 if (!xfound && !seen_dot && !xfailed &&
3494 (PerlLIO_stat(scriptname,&statbuf) < 0
3495 || S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)))
3497 seen_dot = 1; /* Disable message. */
3502 if (flags & 1) { /* do or die? */
3503 /* diag_listed_as: Can't execute %s */
3504 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't %s %s%s%s",
3505 (xfailed ? "execute" : "find"),
3506 (xfailed ? xfailed : scriptname),
3507 (xfailed ? "" : " on PATH"),
3508 (xfailed || seen_dot) ? "" : ", '.' not in PATH");
3513 scriptname = xfound;
3515 return (scriptname ? savepv(scriptname) : NULL);
3518 #ifndef PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED
3521 Perl_get_context(void)
3523 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3525 # ifdef OLD_PTHREADS_API
3527 int error = pthread_getspecific(PL_thr_key, &t)
3529 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_getspecific, error=%d", error);
3532 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3533 return (void*)cthread_data(cthread_self());
3535 return (void*)PTHREAD_GETSPECIFIC(PL_thr_key);
3544 Perl_set_context(void *t)
3546 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SET_CONTEXT;
3550 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
3551 # ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
3552 cthread_set_data(cthread_self(), t);
3555 const int error = pthread_setspecific(PL_thr_key, t);
3557 Perl_croak_nocontext("panic: pthread_setspecific, error=%d", error);
3565 #endif /* !PERL_GET_CONTEXT_DEFINED */
3567 #if defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT) && !defined(PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE)
3571 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3577 Perl_get_op_names(pTHX)
3579 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3580 return (char **)PL_op_name;
3584 Perl_get_op_descs(pTHX)
3586 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3587 return (char **)PL_op_desc;
3591 Perl_get_no_modify(pTHX)
3593 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3594 return PL_no_modify;
3598 Perl_get_opargs(pTHX)
3600 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3601 return (U32 *)PL_opargs;
3605 Perl_get_ppaddr(pTHX)
3608 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3609 return (PPADDR_t*)PL_ppaddr;
3612 #ifndef HAS_GETENV_LEN
3614 Perl_getenv_len(pTHX_ const char *env_elem, unsigned long *len)
3616 char * const env_trans = PerlEnv_getenv(env_elem);
3617 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3618 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GETENV_LEN;
3620 *len = strlen(env_trans);
3627 Perl_get_vtbl(pTHX_ int vtbl_id)
3629 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3631 return (vtbl_id < 0 || vtbl_id >= magic_vtable_max)
3632 ? NULL : (MGVTBL*)PL_magic_vtables + vtbl_id;
3636 Perl_my_fflush_all(pTHX)
3638 #if defined(USE_PERLIO) || defined(FFLUSH_NULL)
3639 return PerlIO_flush(NULL);
3641 # if defined(HAS__FWALK)
3642 extern int fflush(FILE *);
3643 /* undocumented, unprototyped, but very useful BSDism */
3644 extern void _fwalk(int (*)(FILE *));
3648 # if defined(FFLUSH_ALL) && defined(HAS_STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY)
3650 # ifdef PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX
3651 open_max = PERL_FFLUSH_ALL_FOPEN_MAX;
3653 # if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_OPEN_MAX)
3654 open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
3657 open_max = FOPEN_MAX;
3660 open_max = OPEN_MAX;
3671 for (i = 0; i < open_max; i++)
3672 if (STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file >= 0 &&
3673 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._file < open_max &&
3674 STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]._flag)
3675 PerlIO_flush(&STDIO_STREAM_ARRAY[i]);
3679 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
3686 Perl_report_wrongway_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv, const char have)
3688 if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)) {
3690 = gv && (isGV_with_GP(gv))
3693 const char * const direction = have == '>' ? "out" : "in";
3695 if (name && HEK_LEN(name))
3696 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3697 "Filehandle %" HEKf " opened only for %sput",
3698 HEKfARG(name), direction);
3700 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
3701 "Filehandle opened only for %sput", direction);
3706 Perl_report_evil_fh(pTHX_ const GV *gv)
3708 const IO *io = gv ? GvIO(gv) : NULL;
3709 const PERL_BITFIELD16 op = PL_op->op_type;
3713 if (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_CLOSED) {
3715 warn_type = WARN_CLOSED;
3719 warn_type = WARN_UNOPENED;
3722 if (ckWARN(warn_type)) {
3724 = gv && isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvENAMELEN(gv) ?
3725 sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvENAME_HEK(gv))) : NULL;
3726 const char * const pars =
3727 (const char *)(OP_IS_FILETEST(op) ? "" : "()");
3728 const char * const func =
3730 (op == OP_READLINE || op == OP_RCATLINE
3731 ? "readline" : /* "<HANDLE>" not nice */
3732 op == OP_LEAVEWRITE ? "write" : /* "write exit" not nice */
3734 const char * const type =
3736 (OP_IS_SOCKET(op) || (io && IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_SOCKET)
3737 ? "socket" : "filehandle");
3738 const bool have_name = name && SvCUR(name);
3739 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3740 "%s%s on %s %s%s%" SVf, func, pars, vile, type,
3741 have_name ? " " : "",
3742 SVfARG(have_name ? name : &PL_sv_no));
3743 if (io && IoDIRP(io) && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
3745 aTHX_ packWARN(warn_type),
3746 "\t(Are you trying to call %s%s on dirhandle%s%" SVf "?)\n",
3747 func, pars, have_name ? " " : "",
3748 SVfARG(have_name ? name : &PL_sv_no)
3753 /* To workaround core dumps from the uninitialised tm_zone we get the
3754 * system to give us a reasonable struct to copy. This fix means that
3755 * strftime uses the tm_zone and tm_gmtoff values returned by
3756 * localtime(time()). That should give the desired result most of the
3757 * time. But probably not always!
3759 * This does not address tzname aspects of NETaa14816.
3764 # ifndef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3765 # define STRUCT_TM_HASZONE
3769 #ifdef STRUCT_TM_HASZONE /* Backward compat */
3770 # ifndef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3771 # define HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3776 Perl_init_tm(pTHX_ struct tm *ptm) /* see mktime, strftime and asctime */
3778 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
3780 const struct tm* my_tm;
3781 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3782 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INIT_TM;
3784 my_tm = localtime(&now);
3786 Copy(my_tm, ptm, 1, struct tm);
3788 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
3789 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_INIT_TM;
3790 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(ptm);
3795 * mini_mktime - normalise struct tm values without the localtime()
3796 * semantics (and overhead) of mktime().
3799 Perl_mini_mktime(struct tm *ptm)
3803 int month, mday, year, jday;
3804 int odd_cent, odd_year;
3806 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MINI_MKTIME;
3808 #define DAYS_PER_YEAR 365
3809 #define DAYS_PER_QYEAR (4*DAYS_PER_YEAR+1)
3810 #define DAYS_PER_CENT (25*DAYS_PER_QYEAR-1)
3811 #define DAYS_PER_QCENT (4*DAYS_PER_CENT+1)
3812 #define SECS_PER_HOUR (60*60)
3813 #define SECS_PER_DAY (24*SECS_PER_HOUR)
3814 /* parentheses deliberately absent on these two, otherwise they don't work */
3815 #define MONTH_TO_DAYS 153/5
3816 #define DAYS_TO_MONTH 5/153
3817 /* offset to bias by March (month 4) 1st between month/mday & year finding */
3818 #define YEAR_ADJUST (4*MONTH_TO_DAYS+1)
3819 /* as used here, the algorithm leaves Sunday as day 1 unless we adjust it */
3820 #define WEEKDAY_BIAS 6 /* (1+6)%7 makes Sunday 0 again */
3823 * Year/day algorithm notes:
3825 * With a suitable offset for numeric value of the month, one can find
3826 * an offset into the year by considering months to have 30.6 (153/5) days,
3827 * using integer arithmetic (i.e., with truncation). To avoid too much
3828 * messing about with leap days, we consider January and February to be
3829 * the 13th and 14th month of the previous year. After that transformation,
3830 * we need the month index we use to be high by 1 from 'normal human' usage,
3831 * so the month index values we use run from 4 through 15.
3833 * Given that, and the rules for the Gregorian calendar (leap years are those
3834 * divisible by 4 unless also divisible by 100, when they must be divisible
3835 * by 400 instead), we can simply calculate the number of days since some
3836 * arbitrary 'beginning of time' by futzing with the (adjusted) year number,
3837 * the days we derive from our month index, and adding in the day of the
3838 * month. The value used here is not adjusted for the actual origin which
3839 * it normally would use (1 January A.D. 1), since we're not exposing it.
3840 * We're only building the value so we can turn around and get the
3841 * normalised values for the year, month, day-of-month, and day-of-year.
3843 * For going backward, we need to bias the value we're using so that we find
3844 * the right year value. (Basically, we don't want the contribution of
3845 * March 1st to the number to apply while deriving the year). Having done
3846 * that, we 'count up' the contribution to the year number by accounting for
3847 * full quadracenturies (400-year periods) with their extra leap days, plus
3848 * the contribution from full centuries (to avoid counting in the lost leap
3849 * days), plus the contribution from full quad-years (to count in the normal
3850 * leap days), plus the leftover contribution from any non-leap years.
3851 * At this point, if we were working with an actual leap day, we'll have 0
3852 * days left over. This is also true for March 1st, however. So, we have
3853 * to special-case that result, and (earlier) keep track of the 'odd'
3854 * century and year contributions. If we got 4 extra centuries in a qcent,
3855 * or 4 extra years in a qyear, then it's a leap day and we call it 29 Feb.
3856 * Otherwise, we add back in the earlier bias we removed (the 123 from
3857 * figuring in March 1st), find the month index (integer division by 30.6),
3858 * and the remainder is the day-of-month. We then have to convert back to
3859 * 'real' months (including fixing January and February from being 14/15 in
3860 * the previous year to being in the proper year). After that, to get
3861 * tm_yday, we work with the normalised year and get a new yearday value for
3862 * January 1st, which we subtract from the yearday value we had earlier,
3863 * representing the date we've re-built. This is done from January 1
3864 * because tm_yday is 0-origin.
3866 * Since POSIX time routines are only guaranteed to work for times since the
3867 * UNIX epoch (00:00:00 1 Jan 1970 UTC), the fact that this algorithm
3868 * applies Gregorian calendar rules even to dates before the 16th century
3869 * doesn't bother me. Besides, you'd need cultural context for a given
3870 * date to know whether it was Julian or Gregorian calendar, and that's
3871 * outside the scope for this routine. Since we convert back based on the
3872 * same rules we used to build the yearday, you'll only get strange results
3873 * for input which needed normalising, or for the 'odd' century years which
3874 * were leap years in the Julian calendar but not in the Gregorian one.
3875 * I can live with that.
3877 * This algorithm also fails to handle years before A.D. 1 gracefully, but
3878 * that's still outside the scope for POSIX time manipulation, so I don't
3882 year = 1900 + ptm->tm_year;
3883 month = ptm->tm_mon;
3884 mday = ptm->tm_mday;
3890 yearday = DAYS_PER_YEAR * year + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3891 yearday += month*MONTH_TO_DAYS + mday + jday;
3893 * Note that we don't know when leap-seconds were or will be,
3894 * so we have to trust the user if we get something which looks
3895 * like a sensible leap-second. Wild values for seconds will
3896 * be rationalised, however.
3898 if ((unsigned) ptm->tm_sec <= 60) {
3905 secs += 60 * ptm->tm_min;
3906 secs += SECS_PER_HOUR * ptm->tm_hour;
3908 if (secs-(secs/SECS_PER_DAY*SECS_PER_DAY) < 0) {
3909 /* got negative remainder, but need positive time */
3910 /* back off an extra day to compensate */
3911 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY)-1;
3912 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY - 1);
3915 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3916 secs -= SECS_PER_DAY * (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3919 else if (secs >= SECS_PER_DAY) {
3920 yearday += (secs/SECS_PER_DAY);
3921 secs %= SECS_PER_DAY;
3923 ptm->tm_hour = secs/SECS_PER_HOUR;
3924 secs %= SECS_PER_HOUR;
3925 ptm->tm_min = secs/60;
3927 ptm->tm_sec += secs;
3928 /* done with time of day effects */
3930 * The algorithm for yearday has (so far) left it high by 428.
3931 * To avoid mistaking a legitimate Feb 29 as Mar 1, we need to
3932 * bias it by 123 while trying to figure out what year it
3933 * really represents. Even with this tweak, the reverse
3934 * translation fails for years before A.D. 0001.
3935 * It would still fail for Feb 29, but we catch that one below.
3937 jday = yearday; /* save for later fixup vis-a-vis Jan 1 */
3938 yearday -= YEAR_ADJUST;
3939 year = (yearday / DAYS_PER_QCENT) * 400;
3940 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QCENT;
3941 odd_cent = yearday / DAYS_PER_CENT;
3942 year += odd_cent * 100;
3943 yearday %= DAYS_PER_CENT;
3944 year += (yearday / DAYS_PER_QYEAR) * 4;
3945 yearday %= DAYS_PER_QYEAR;
3946 odd_year = yearday / DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3948 yearday %= DAYS_PER_YEAR;
3949 if (!yearday && (odd_cent==4 || odd_year==4)) { /* catch Feb 29 */
3954 yearday += YEAR_ADJUST; /* recover March 1st crock */
3955 month = yearday*DAYS_TO_MONTH;
3956 yearday -= month*MONTH_TO_DAYS;
3957 /* recover other leap-year adjustment */
3966 ptm->tm_year = year - 1900;
3968 ptm->tm_mday = yearday;
3969 ptm->tm_mon = month;
3973 ptm->tm_mon = month - 1;
3975 /* re-build yearday based on Jan 1 to get tm_yday */
3977 yearday = year*DAYS_PER_YEAR + year/4 - year/100 + year/400;
3978 yearday += 14*MONTH_TO_DAYS + 1;
3979 ptm->tm_yday = jday - yearday;
3980 ptm->tm_wday = (jday + WEEKDAY_BIAS) % 7;
3984 Perl_my_strftime(pTHX_ const char *fmt, int sec, int min, int hour, int mday, int mon, int year, int wday, int yday, int isdst)
3988 /* Note that yday and wday effectively are ignored by this function, as mini_mktime() overwrites them */
3995 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_STRFTIME;
3997 init_tm(&mytm); /* XXX workaround - see init_tm() above */
4000 mytm.tm_hour = hour;
4001 mytm.tm_mday = mday;
4003 mytm.tm_year = year;
4004 mytm.tm_wday = wday;
4005 mytm.tm_yday = yday;
4006 mytm.tm_isdst = isdst;
4008 /* use libc to get the values for tm_gmtoff and tm_zone [perl #18238] */
4009 #if defined(HAS_MKTIME) && (defined(HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF) || defined(HAS_TM_TM_ZONE))
4014 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_GMTOFF
4015 mytm.tm_gmtoff = mytm2.tm_gmtoff;
4017 #ifdef HAS_TM_TM_ZONE
4018 mytm.tm_zone = mytm2.tm_zone;
4023 Newx(buf, buflen, char);
4025 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* fmt checked by caller */
4026 len = strftime(buf, buflen, fmt, &mytm);
4030 ** The following is needed to handle to the situation where
4031 ** tmpbuf overflows. Basically we want to allocate a buffer
4032 ** and try repeatedly. The reason why it is so complicated
4033 ** is that getting a return value of 0 from strftime can indicate
4034 ** one of the following:
4035 ** 1. buffer overflowed,
4036 ** 2. illegal conversion specifier, or
4037 ** 3. the format string specifies nothing to be returned(not
4038 ** an error). This could be because format is an empty string
4039 ** or it specifies %p that yields an empty string in some locale.
4040 ** If there is a better way to make it portable, go ahead by
4043 if ((len > 0 && len < buflen) || (len == 0 && *fmt == '\0'))
4046 /* Possibly buf overflowed - try again with a bigger buf */
4047 const int fmtlen = strlen(fmt);
4048 int bufsize = fmtlen + buflen;
4050 Renew(buf, bufsize, char);
4053 GCC_DIAG_IGNORE(-Wformat-nonliteral); /* fmt checked by caller */
4054 buflen = strftime(buf, bufsize, fmt, &mytm);
4057 if (buflen > 0 && buflen < bufsize)
4059 /* heuristic to prevent out-of-memory errors */
4060 if (bufsize > 100*fmtlen) {
4066 Renew(buf, bufsize, char);
4071 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: no strftime");
4077 #define SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF \
4081 #define SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp) \
4082 (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && (dp->d_name[1] == '\0' || \
4083 (dp->d_name[1] == '.' && dp->d_name[2] == '\0')))
4086 =head1 Miscellaneous Functions
4088 =for apidoc getcwd_sv
4090 Fill C<sv> with current working directory
4095 /* Originally written in Perl by John Bazik; rewritten in C by Ben Sugars.
4096 * rewritten again by dougm, optimized for use with xs TARG, and to prefer
4097 * getcwd(3) if available
4098 * Comments from the original:
4099 * This is a faster version of getcwd. It's also more dangerous
4100 * because you might chdir out of a directory that you can't chdir
4104 Perl_getcwd_sv(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GETCWD_SV;
4113 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
4115 /* Some getcwd()s automatically allocate a buffer of the given
4116 * size from the heap if they are given a NULL buffer pointer.
4117 * The problem is that this behaviour is not portable. */
4118 if (getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1)) {
4123 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4130 int orig_cdev, orig_cino, cdev, cino, odev, oino, tdev, tino;
4134 SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
4136 if (PerlLIO_lstat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4137 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4140 orig_cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4141 orig_cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4151 if (PerlDir_chdir("..") < 0) {
4152 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4154 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4155 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4158 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4159 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4161 if (odev == cdev && oino == cino) {
4164 if (!(dir = PerlDir_open("."))) {
4165 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4168 while ((dp = PerlDir_read(dir)) != NULL) {
4170 namelen = dp->d_namlen;
4172 namelen = strlen(dp->d_name);
4175 if (SV_CWD_ISDOT(dp)) {
4179 if (PerlLIO_lstat(dp->d_name, &statbuf) < 0) {
4180 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4183 tdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4184 tino = statbuf.st_ino;
4185 if (tino == oino && tdev == odev) {
4191 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4194 if (pathlen + namelen + 1 >= MAXPATHLEN) {
4195 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4198 SvGROW(sv, pathlen + namelen + 1);
4202 Move(SvPVX_const(sv), SvPVX(sv) + namelen + 1, pathlen, char);
4205 /* prepend current directory to the front */
4207 Move(dp->d_name, SvPVX(sv)+1, namelen, char);
4208 pathlen += (namelen + 1);
4210 #ifdef VOID_CLOSEDIR
4213 if (PerlDir_close(dir) < 0) {
4214 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4220 SvCUR_set(sv, pathlen);
4224 if (PerlDir_chdir(SvPVX_const(sv)) < 0) {
4225 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4228 if (PerlLIO_stat(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
4229 SV_CWD_RETURN_UNDEF;
4232 cdev = statbuf.st_dev;
4233 cino = statbuf.st_ino;
4235 if (cdev != orig_cdev || cino != orig_cino) {
4236 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unstable directory path, "
4237 "current directory changed unexpectedly");
4250 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET) && defined(SOCK_DGRAM) && defined(HAS_SELECT)
4251 # define EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4254 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4256 S_socketpair_udp (int fd[2]) {
4258 /* Fake a datagram socketpair using UDP to localhost. */
4259 int sockets[2] = {-1, -1};
4260 struct sockaddr_in addresses[2];
4262 Sock_size_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
4263 unsigned short port;
4266 memset(&addresses, 0, sizeof(addresses));
4269 sockets[i] = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, PF_INET);
4270 if (sockets[i] == -1)
4271 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4273 addresses[i].sin_family = AF_INET;
4274 addresses[i].sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4275 addresses[i].sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4276 if (PerlSock_bind(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4277 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4278 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4281 /* Now have 2 UDP sockets. Find out which port each is connected to, and
4282 for each connect the other socket to it. */
4285 if (PerlSock_getsockname(sockets[i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4287 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4288 if (size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
4289 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4290 /* !1 is 0, !0 is 1 */
4291 if (PerlSock_connect(sockets[!i], (struct sockaddr *) &addresses[i],
4292 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1)
4293 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4296 /* Now we have 2 sockets connected to each other. I don't trust some other
4297 process not to have already sent a packet to us (by random) so send
4298 a packet from each to the other. */
4301 /* I'm going to send my own port number. As a short.
4302 (Who knows if someone somewhere has sin_port as a bitfield and needs
4303 this routine. (I'm assuming crays have socketpair)) */
4304 port = addresses[i].sin_port;
4305 got = PerlLIO_write(sockets[i], &port, sizeof(port));
4306 if (got != sizeof(port)) {
4308 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4309 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4313 /* Packets sent. I don't trust them to have arrived though.
4314 (As I understand it Solaris TCP stack is multithreaded. Non-blocking
4315 connect to localhost will use a second kernel thread. In 2.6 the
4316 first thread running the connect() returns before the second completes,
4317 so EINPROGRESS> In 2.7 the improved stack is faster and connect()
4318 returns 0. Poor programs have tripped up. One poor program's authors'
4319 had a 50-1 reverse stock split. Not sure how connected these were.)
4320 So I don't trust someone not to have an unpredictable UDP stack.
4324 struct timeval waitfor = {0, 100000}; /* You have 0.1 seconds */
4325 int max = sockets[1] > sockets[0] ? sockets[1] : sockets[0];
4329 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[0], &rset);
4330 FD_SET((unsigned int)sockets[1], &rset);
4332 got = PerlSock_select(max + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &waitfor);
4333 if (got != 2 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[0], &rset)
4334 || !FD_ISSET(sockets[1], &rset)) {
4335 /* I hope this is portable and appropriate. */
4337 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4338 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4342 /* And the paranoia department even now doesn't trust it to have arrive
4343 (hence MSG_DONTWAIT). Or that what arrives was sent by us. */
4345 struct sockaddr_in readfrom;
4346 unsigned short buffer[2];
4351 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4352 sizeof(buffer), MSG_DONTWAIT,
4353 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4355 got = PerlSock_recvfrom(sockets[i], (char *) &buffer,
4357 (struct sockaddr *) &readfrom, &size);
4361 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4362 if (got != sizeof(port)
4363 || size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)
4364 /* Check other socket sent us its port. */
4365 || buffer[0] != (unsigned short) addresses[!i].sin_port
4366 /* Check kernel says we got the datagram from that socket */
4367 || readfrom.sin_family != addresses[!i].sin_family
4368 || readfrom.sin_addr.s_addr != addresses[!i].sin_addr.s_addr
4369 || readfrom.sin_port != addresses[!i].sin_port)
4370 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4373 /* My caller (my_socketpair) has validated that this is non-NULL */
4376 /* I hereby declare this connection open. May God bless all who cross
4380 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4381 errno = ECONNABORTED;
4385 if (sockets[0] != -1)
4386 PerlLIO_close(sockets[0]);
4387 if (sockets[1] != -1)
4388 PerlLIO_close(sockets[1]);
4393 #endif /* EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP */
4395 #if !defined(HAS_SOCKETPAIR) && defined(HAS_SOCKET) && defined(AF_INET) && defined(PF_INET)
4397 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4398 /* Stevens says that family must be AF_LOCAL, protocol 0.
4399 I'm going to enforce that, then ignore it, and use TCP (or UDP). */
4404 struct sockaddr_in listen_addr;
4405 struct sockaddr_in connect_addr;
4410 || family != AF_UNIX
4413 errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
4421 #ifdef EMULATE_SOCKETPAIR_UDP
4422 if (type == SOCK_DGRAM)
4423 return S_socketpair_udp(fd);
4426 aTHXa(PERL_GET_THX);
4427 listener = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4430 memset(&listen_addr, 0, sizeof(listen_addr));
4431 listen_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
4432 listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
4433 listen_addr.sin_port = 0; /* kernel choses port. */
4434 if (PerlSock_bind(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4435 sizeof(listen_addr)) == -1)
4436 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4437 if (PerlSock_listen(listener, 1) == -1)
4438 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4440 connector = PerlSock_socket(AF_INET, type, 0);
4441 if (connector == -1)
4442 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4443 /* We want to find out the port number to connect to. */
4444 size = sizeof(connect_addr);
4445 if (PerlSock_getsockname(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4447 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4448 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr))
4449 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4450 if (PerlSock_connect(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4451 sizeof(connect_addr)) == -1)
4452 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4454 size = sizeof(listen_addr);
4455 acceptor = PerlSock_accept(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &listen_addr,
4458 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4459 if (size != sizeof(listen_addr))
4460 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4461 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4462 /* Now check we are talking to ourself by matching port and host on the
4464 if (PerlSock_getsockname(connector, (struct sockaddr *) &connect_addr,
4466 goto tidy_up_and_fail;
4467 if (size != sizeof(connect_addr)
4468 || listen_addr.sin_family != connect_addr.sin_family
4469 || listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr != connect_addr.sin_addr.s_addr
4470 || listen_addr.sin_port != connect_addr.sin_port) {
4471 goto abort_tidy_up_and_fail;
4477 abort_tidy_up_and_fail:
4479 errno = ECONNABORTED; /* This would be the standard thing to do. */
4481 # ifdef ECONNREFUSED
4482 errno = ECONNREFUSED; /* E.g. Symbian does not have ECONNABORTED. */
4484 errno = ETIMEDOUT; /* Desperation time. */
4491 PerlLIO_close(listener);
4492 if (connector != -1)
4493 PerlLIO_close(connector);
4495 PerlLIO_close(acceptor);
4501 /* In any case have a stub so that there's code corresponding
4502 * to the my_socketpair in embed.fnc. */
4504 Perl_my_socketpair (int family, int type, int protocol, int fd[2]) {
4505 #ifdef HAS_SOCKETPAIR
4506 return socketpair(family, type, protocol, fd);
4515 =for apidoc sv_nosharing
4517 Dummy routine which "shares" an SV when there is no sharing module present.
4518 Or "locks" it. Or "unlocks" it. In other
4519 words, ignores its single SV argument.
4520 Exists to avoid test for a C<NULL> function pointer and because it could
4521 potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4527 Perl_sv_nosharing(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4529 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4530 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4535 =for apidoc sv_destroyable
4537 Dummy routine which reports that object can be destroyed when there is no
4538 sharing module present. It ignores its single SV argument, and returns
4539 'true'. Exists to avoid test for a C<NULL> function pointer and because it
4540 could potentially warn under some level of strict-ness.
4546 Perl_sv_destroyable(pTHX_ SV *sv)
4548 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4549 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
4554 Perl_parse_unicode_opts(pTHX_ const char **popt)
4556 const char *p = *popt;
4559 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_UNICODE_OPTS;
4565 if (grok_atoUV(p, &uv, &endptr) && uv <= U32_MAX) {
4568 if (p && *p && *p != '\n' && *p != '\r') {
4570 goto the_end_of_the_opts_parser;
4572 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4576 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid number '%s' for -C option.\n", p);
4582 case PERL_UNICODE_STDIN:
4583 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDIN_FLAG; break;
4584 case PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT:
4585 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT_FLAG; break;
4586 case PERL_UNICODE_STDERR:
4587 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STDERR_FLAG; break;
4588 case PERL_UNICODE_STD:
4589 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_STD_FLAG; break;
4590 case PERL_UNICODE_IN:
4591 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_IN_FLAG; break;
4592 case PERL_UNICODE_OUT:
4593 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_OUT_FLAG; break;
4594 case PERL_UNICODE_INOUT:
4595 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_INOUT_FLAG; break;
4596 case PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE:
4597 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE_FLAG; break;
4598 case PERL_UNICODE_ARGV:
4599 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_ARGV_FLAG; break;
4600 case PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT:
4601 opt |= PERL_UNICODE_UTF8CACHEASSERT_FLAG; break;
4603 if (*p != '\n' && *p != '\r') {
4604 if(isSPACE(*p)) goto the_end_of_the_opts_parser;
4607 "Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'", *p);
4614 opt = PERL_UNICODE_DEFAULT_FLAGS;
4616 the_end_of_the_opts_parser:
4618 if (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS)
4619 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown Unicode option value %" UVuf,
4620 (UV) (opt & ~PERL_UNICODE_ALL_FLAGS));
4628 # include <starlet.h>
4635 * This is really just a quick hack which grabs various garbage
4636 * values. It really should be a real hash algorithm which
4637 * spreads the effect of every input bit onto every output bit,
4638 * if someone who knows about such things would bother to write it.
4639 * Might be a good idea to add that function to CORE as well.
4640 * No numbers below come from careful analysis or anything here,
4641 * except they are primes and SEED_C1 > 1E6 to get a full-width
4642 * value from (tv_sec * SEED_C1 + tv_usec). The multipliers should
4643 * probably be bigger too.
4646 # define SEED_C1 1000003
4647 #define SEED_C4 73819
4649 # define SEED_C1 25747
4650 #define SEED_C4 20639
4654 #define SEED_C5 26107
4656 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4660 #ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4661 struct timeval when;
4666 /* This test is an escape hatch, this symbol isn't set by Configure. */
4667 #ifndef PERL_NO_DEV_RANDOM
4668 #ifndef PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE
4669 /* /dev/random isn't used by default because reads from it will block
4670 * if there isn't enough entropy available. You can compile with
4671 * PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE to it if you'd prefer Perl to block until there
4672 * is enough real entropy to fill the seed. */
4673 # ifdef __amigaos4__
4674 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "RANDOM:SIZE=4"
4676 # define PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE "/dev/urandom"
4679 fd = PerlLIO_open(PERL_RANDOM_DEVICE, 0);
4681 if (PerlLIO_read(fd, (void*)&u, sizeof u) != sizeof u)
4689 #ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4690 PerlProc_gettimeofday(&when,NULL);
4691 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when.tv_sec + (U32)SEED_C2 * when.tv_usec;
4694 u = (U32)SEED_C1 * when;
4696 u += SEED_C3 * (U32)PerlProc_getpid();
4697 u += SEED_C4 * (U32)PTR2UV(PL_stack_sp);
4698 #ifndef PLAN9 /* XXX Plan9 assembler chokes on this; fix needed */
4699 u += SEED_C5 * (U32)PTR2UV(&when);
4705 Perl_get_hash_seed(pTHX_ unsigned char * const seed_buffer)
4707 #ifndef NO_PERL_HASH_ENV
4712 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_HASH_SEED;
4714 #ifndef NO_PERL_HASH_ENV
4715 env_pv= PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_HASH_SEED");
4718 # ifndef USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT
4720 /* ignore leading spaces */
4721 while (isSPACE(*env_pv))
4723 # ifdef USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4724 /* if they set it to "0" we disable key traversal randomization completely */
4725 if (strEQ(env_pv,"0")) {
4726 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 0;
4728 /* otherwise switch to deterministic mode */
4729 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 2;
4732 /* ignore a leading 0x... if it is there */
4733 if (env_pv[0] == '0' && env_pv[1] == 'x')
4736 for( i = 0; isXDIGIT(*env_pv) && i < PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES; i++ ) {
4737 seed_buffer[i] = READ_XDIGIT(env_pv) << 4;
4738 if ( isXDIGIT(*env_pv)) {
4739 seed_buffer[i] |= READ_XDIGIT(env_pv);
4742 while (isSPACE(*env_pv))
4745 if (*env_pv && !isXDIGIT(*env_pv)) {
4746 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only partially set\n");
4748 /* should we check for unparsed crap? */
4749 /* should we warn about unused hex? */
4750 /* should we warn about insufficient hex? */
4756 (void)seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)seed());
4758 for( i = 0; i < PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES; i++ ) {
4759 seed_buffer[i] = (unsigned char)(Drand01() * (U8_MAX+1));
4762 #ifdef USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4763 { /* initialize PL_hash_rand_bits from the hash seed.
4764 * This value is highly volatile, it is updated every
4765 * hash insert, and is used as part of hash bucket chain
4766 * randomization and hash iterator randomization. */
4767 PL_hash_rand_bits= 0xbe49d17f; /* I just picked a number */
4768 for( i = 0; i < sizeof(UV) ; i++ ) {
4769 PL_hash_rand_bits += seed_buffer[i % PERL_HASH_SEED_BYTES];
4770 PL_hash_rand_bits = ROTL_UV(PL_hash_rand_bits,8);
4773 # ifndef NO_PERL_HASH_ENV
4774 env_pv= PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_PERTURB_KEYS");
4776 if (strEQ(env_pv,"0") || strEQ(env_pv,"NO")) {
4777 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 0;
4778 } else if (strEQ(env_pv,"1") || strEQ(env_pv,"RANDOM")) {
4779 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 1;
4780 } else if (strEQ(env_pv,"2") || strEQ(env_pv,"DETERMINISTIC")) {
4781 PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled= 2;
4783 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'\n", env_pv);
4790 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4792 #define PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
4793 #include "opcode.h" /* the ppaddr and check */
4796 Perl_init_global_struct(pTHX)
4798 struct perl_vars *plvarsp = NULL;
4799 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4800 const IV nppaddr = C_ARRAY_LENGTH(Gppaddr);
4801 const IV ncheck = C_ARRAY_LENGTH(Gcheck);
4802 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4803 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4804 /* PerlMem_malloc() because can't use even safesysmalloc() this early. */
4805 plvarsp = (struct perl_vars*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(struct perl_vars));
4809 plvarsp = PL_VarsPtr;
4810 # endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE */
4815 # define PERLVAR(prefix,var,type) /**/
4816 # define PERLVARA(prefix,var,n,type) /**/
4817 # define PERLVARI(prefix,var,type,init) plvarsp->prefix##var = init;
4818 # define PERLVARIC(prefix,var,type,init) plvarsp->prefix##var = init;
4819 # include "perlvars.h"
4824 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4827 PerlMem_malloc(nppaddr * sizeof(Perl_ppaddr_t));
4828 if (!plvarsp->Gppaddr)
4832 PerlMem_malloc(ncheck * sizeof(Perl_check_t));
4833 if (!plvarsp->Gcheck)
4835 Copy(Gppaddr, plvarsp->Gppaddr, nppaddr, Perl_ppaddr_t);
4836 Copy(Gcheck, plvarsp->Gcheck, ncheck, Perl_check_t);
4838 # ifdef PERL_SET_VARS
4839 PERL_SET_VARS(plvarsp);
4841 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4842 plvarsp->Gsv_placeholder.sv_flags = 0;
4843 memset(plvarsp->Ghash_seed, 0, sizeof(plvarsp->Ghash_seed));
4845 # undef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_INIT
4850 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
4852 #ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4855 Perl_free_global_struct(pTHX_ struct perl_vars *plvarsp)
4857 int veto = plvarsp->Gveto_cleanup;
4859 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FREE_GLOBAL_STRUCT;
4860 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
4861 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT
4862 # ifdef PERL_UNSET_VARS
4863 PERL_UNSET_VARS(plvarsp);
4867 free(plvarsp->Gppaddr);
4868 free(plvarsp->Gcheck);
4869 # ifdef PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE
4875 #endif /* PERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT */
4879 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG: the Perl_mem_log_..() is compiled, including
4880 * the default implementation, unless -DPERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL is also
4881 * given, and you supply your own implementation.
4883 * The default implementation reads a single env var, PERL_MEM_LOG,
4884 * expecting one or more of the following:
4886 * \d+ - fd fd to write to : must be 1st (grok_atoUV)
4887 * 'm' - memlog was PERL_MEM_LOG=1
4888 * 's' - svlog was PERL_SV_LOG=1
4889 * 't' - timestamp was PERL_MEM_LOG_TIMESTAMP=1
4891 * This makes the logger controllable enough that it can reasonably be
4892 * added to the system perl.
4895 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE=X: size of a (stack-allocated) buffer
4896 * the Perl_mem_log_...() will use (either via sprintf or snprintf).
4898 #define PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE 128
4900 /* -DPERL_MEM_LOG_FD=N: the file descriptor the Perl_mem_log_...()
4901 * writes to. In the default logger, this is settable at runtime.
4903 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_FD
4904 # define PERL_MEM_LOG_FD 2 /* If STDERR is too boring for you. */
4907 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
4909 # ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
4910 # define SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT " [%lu]"
4911 # define _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv) , (unsigned long) (sv)->sv_debug_serial
4913 # define SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT
4914 # define _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv)
4918 S_mem_log_common(enum mem_log_type mlt, const UV n,
4919 const UV typesize, const char *type_name, const SV *sv,
4920 Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc,
4921 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
4922 const char *funcname)
4926 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_COMMON;
4928 pmlenv = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_MEM_LOG");
4931 if (mlt < MLT_NEW_SV ? strchr(pmlenv,'m') : strchr(pmlenv,'s'))
4933 /* We can't use SVs or PerlIO for obvious reasons,
4934 * so we'll use stdio and low-level IO instead. */
4935 char buf[PERL_MEM_LOG_SPRINTF_BUF_SIZE];
4937 # ifdef HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY
4938 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT "%10d.%06d: "
4939 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG (int)tv.tv_sec, (int)tv.tv_usec
4941 gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
4943 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT "%10d: "
4944 # define MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG (int)when
4948 /* If there are other OS specific ways of hires time than
4949 * gettimeofday() (see dist/Time-HiRes), the easiest way is
4950 * probably that they would be used to fill in the struct
4957 if (grok_atoUV(pmlenv, &uv, &endptr) /* Ignore endptr. */
4958 && uv && uv <= PERL_INT_MAX
4962 fd = PERL_MEM_LOG_FD;
4965 if (strchr(pmlenv, 't')) {
4966 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4967 MEM_LOG_TIME_FMT, MEM_LOG_TIME_ARG);
4968 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, buf, len));
4972 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4973 "alloc: %s:%d:%s: %" IVdf " %" UVuf
4974 " %s = %" IVdf ": %" UVxf "\n",
4975 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
4976 type_name, n * typesize, PTR2UV(newalloc));
4979 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4980 "realloc: %s:%d:%s: %" IVdf " %" UVuf
4981 " %s = %" IVdf ": %" UVxf " -> %" UVxf "\n",
4982 filename, linenumber, funcname, n, typesize,
4983 type_name, n * typesize, PTR2UV(oldalloc),
4987 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4988 "free: %s:%d:%s: %" UVxf "\n",
4989 filename, linenumber, funcname,
4994 len = my_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
4995 "%s_SV: %s:%d:%s: %" UVxf SV_LOG_SERIAL_FMT "\n",
4996 mlt == MLT_NEW_SV ? "new" : "del",
4997 filename, linenumber, funcname,
4998 PTR2UV(sv) _SV_LOG_SERIAL_ARG(sv));
5003 PERL_UNUSED_RESULT(PerlLIO_write(fd, buf, len));
5007 #endif /* !PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL */
5009 #ifndef PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL
5011 mem_log_common_if(alty, num, tysz, tynm, sv, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm) \
5012 mem_log_common (alty, num, tysz, tynm, sv, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm)
5014 /* this is suboptimal, but bug compatible. User is providing their
5015 own implementation, but is getting these functions anyway, and they
5016 do nothing. But _NOIMPL users should be able to cope or fix */
5018 mem_log_common_if(alty, num, tysz, tynm, u, oal, nal, flnm, ln, fnnm) \
5019 /* mem_log_common_if_PERL_MEM_LOG_NOIMPL */
5023 Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name,
5025 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5026 const char *funcname)
5028 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_ALLOC;
5030 mem_log_common_if(MLT_ALLOC, n, typesize, type_name,
5031 NULL, NULL, newalloc,
5032 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5037 Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *type_name,
5038 Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc,
5039 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5040 const char *funcname)
5042 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_REALLOC;
5044 mem_log_common_if(MLT_REALLOC, n, typesize, type_name,
5045 NULL, oldalloc, newalloc,
5046 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5051 Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc,
5052 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5053 const char *funcname)
5055 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEM_LOG_FREE;
5057 mem_log_common_if(MLT_FREE, 0, 0, "", NULL, oldalloc, NULL,
5058 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5063 Perl_mem_log_new_sv(const SV *sv,
5064 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5065 const char *funcname)
5067 mem_log_common_if(MLT_NEW_SV, 0, 0, "", sv, NULL, NULL,
5068 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5072 Perl_mem_log_del_sv(const SV *sv,
5073 const char *filename, const int linenumber,
5074 const char *funcname)
5076 mem_log_common_if(MLT_DEL_SV, 0, 0, "", sv, NULL, NULL,
5077 filename, linenumber, funcname);
5080 #endif /* PERL_MEM_LOG */
5083 =for apidoc my_sprintf
5085 The C library C<sprintf>, wrapped if necessary, to ensure that it will return
5086 the length of the string written to the buffer. Only rare pre-ANSI systems
5087 need the wrapper function - usually this is a direct call to C<sprintf>.