4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 /* We only allocate ops from the slab during subroutine compilation.
169 We find the slab via PL_compcv, hence that must be non-NULL. It could
170 also be pointing to a subroutine which is now fully set up (CvROOT()
171 pointing to the top of the optree for that sub), or a subroutine
172 which isn't using the slab allocator. If our sanity checks aren't met,
173 don't use a slab, but allocate the OP directly from the heap. */
174 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
175 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
176 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
178 /* While the subroutine is under construction, the slabs are accessed via
179 CvSTART(), to avoid needing to expand PVCV by one pointer for something
180 unneeded at runtime. Once a subroutine is constructed, the slabs are
181 accessed via CvROOT(). So if CvSTART() is NULL, no slab has been
182 allocated yet. See the commit message for 8be227ab5eaa23f2 for more
184 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) {
186 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
187 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
188 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
190 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
192 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
193 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
195 /* The slabs maintain a free list of OPs. In particular, constant folding
196 will free up OPs, so it makes sense to re-use them where possible. A
197 freed up slot is used in preference to a new allocation. */
198 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
199 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
201 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
202 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
203 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
204 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
205 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
209 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
215 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
216 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
217 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
218 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
219 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
222 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
223 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
224 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
225 /* Remaining space is too small. */
227 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
229 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
230 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
232 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
233 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
234 slab->opslab_freed = o;
237 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
238 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
239 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
240 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
241 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
243 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
244 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
245 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
247 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
249 /* Create a new op slot */
250 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
251 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
252 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
253 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
254 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
256 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
262 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
264 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
266 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
268 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
269 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
270 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
271 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
272 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
273 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
274 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
275 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
280 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
284 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
286 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
288 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
289 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
290 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
291 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
292 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
293 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
294 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
297 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
301 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
304 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
305 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
308 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
312 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
315 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
318 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
320 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
322 PerlMemShared_free(op);
327 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
328 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
329 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
330 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
331 slab->opslab_freed = o;
332 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
333 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
337 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
344 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
351 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
356 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
357 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
358 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
359 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
361 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
363 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
364 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
366 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
367 perror("munmap failed");
371 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
377 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
382 size_t savestack_count = 0;
384 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
387 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
389 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
390 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
391 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
397 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
398 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
399 if (slab->opslab_refcnt == 1) goto free;
402 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
403 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
404 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
406 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
408 /* Remove the CV’s reference count. */
409 slab->opslab_refcnt--;
416 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
418 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
421 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
422 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
435 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
442 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
444 result = --o->op_targ;
447 result = --o->op_targ;
453 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
454 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
456 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
457 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
458 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
459 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
461 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
463 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
465 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
467 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
468 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
472 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
474 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
478 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
483 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
487 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
493 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
495 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
496 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
497 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
502 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
504 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
505 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
510 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
514 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
519 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
523 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
524 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
529 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
531 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
533 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
534 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
538 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
540 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
542 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
543 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
547 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
552 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
553 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
554 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
556 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
559 /* "register" allocation */
562 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
566 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
568 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
570 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
571 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
574 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
576 assert(strlen(name) == len);
578 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
582 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
583 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
585 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
586 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
587 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
588 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
589 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
590 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
592 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
593 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
596 else if (len == 2 && name[1] == '_' && !is_our)
597 /* diag_listed_as: Use of my $_ is experimental */
598 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXPERIMENTAL__LEXICAL_TOPIC),
599 "Use of %s $_ is experimental",
600 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
604 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
606 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
607 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
608 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
609 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
610 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
612 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
613 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
617 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
618 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
620 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
621 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
627 =for apidoc alloccopstash
629 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
630 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
637 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
639 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
640 bool found_slot = FALSE;
642 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
644 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
646 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
647 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
648 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
649 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
652 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
653 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
654 off = PL_stashpadmax;
655 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
658 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
663 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
664 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
667 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
675 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
680 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
682 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
683 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
684 may be freed before their parents. */
685 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
689 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
700 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
703 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
704 we maintain for reset(). */
705 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
715 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
716 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
720 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
722 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
723 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
728 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
731 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
734 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
735 * numbers etc even after null() */
736 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
742 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
749 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
754 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
757 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
762 switch (o->op_type) {
763 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
764 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
765 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
770 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
774 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
775 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
782 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
787 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
788 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
789 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
790 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
791 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
792 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
793 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
794 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
795 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
796 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
797 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
798 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
799 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
800 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
801 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
804 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
806 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
807 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
808 * may still exist on the pad */
809 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
810 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
813 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
814 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
817 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
820 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
824 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
827 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
828 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
831 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
832 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
833 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
834 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
837 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
847 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
852 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
853 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
855 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
856 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
857 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
860 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
861 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
865 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
866 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
870 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
874 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
875 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
876 * exist on the pad */
877 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
880 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
886 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
887 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
888 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
890 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
891 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
892 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
893 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
894 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
895 * happen before sv_clean_all
898 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
899 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
900 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
901 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
902 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
906 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
907 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
913 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
914 pad_free(o->op_targ);
920 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
925 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
926 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
927 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
931 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
934 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
936 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
938 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
939 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
941 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
942 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
947 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
948 array[i] = array[--count];
949 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
950 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
951 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
954 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
967 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
969 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
971 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
972 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
974 switch (kid->op_type) {
979 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid);
981 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
982 kid = kid->op_sibling;
988 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
994 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
998 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
999 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
1000 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
1004 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1007 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1012 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1015 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1019 /* Contextualizers */
1022 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1024 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1025 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1026 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1033 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1035 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1037 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1038 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1039 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1041 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1048 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1050 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1051 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1052 not be called directly.
1058 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1062 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1067 /* establish postfix order */
1068 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1071 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1074 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1075 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1076 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1090 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1092 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1094 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1101 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1105 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1107 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1108 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1109 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1110 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1112 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1113 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1114 of the conditional, not the last. */
1115 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1117 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1118 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1125 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1130 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1131 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1132 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1133 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1138 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1140 switch (o->op_type) {
1142 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1147 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1157 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1158 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1164 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1166 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1169 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1170 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1176 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1181 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1184 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1191 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1195 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1196 const char* useless = NULL;
1200 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1202 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1204 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1206 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1209 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1210 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1211 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1217 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1218 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1219 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1220 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1221 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1223 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1224 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1225 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1226 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1227 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1232 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1233 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1235 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1238 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1240 switch (o->op_type) {
1242 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1246 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1250 if (o->op_private == 4)
1275 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1294 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1295 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1300 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1325 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1326 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1327 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1331 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1332 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1334 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1336 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1338 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1342 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1343 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1344 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1347 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1351 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1352 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1356 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1363 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1364 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1365 useless = "a variable";
1370 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1371 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1373 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1374 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1375 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1376 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1378 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1379 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1380 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1381 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1383 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1384 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1385 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1386 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1387 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1388 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1389 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1390 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1391 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1392 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1393 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1396 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1398 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1400 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1401 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1403 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1404 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1405 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(dsv);
1408 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1409 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1412 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1415 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1419 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1424 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1425 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1429 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1430 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1434 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1435 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1440 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1443 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1446 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1447 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1450 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1452 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1455 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1456 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1457 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1460 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1463 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1465 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1468 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1469 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1470 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1472 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1473 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1474 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1486 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1487 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1488 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1490 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1492 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1494 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1495 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1504 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1509 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1516 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1527 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1538 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1539 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1540 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1541 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1544 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1545 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1552 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1554 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1556 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1563 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1568 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1569 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1570 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1571 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1576 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1577 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1579 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1582 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1584 switch (o->op_type) {
1587 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1592 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1600 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1602 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1603 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1604 return gen_constant_list(o);
1611 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1613 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1616 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1617 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1623 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1627 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1634 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1638 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1640 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1641 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1644 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1645 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1649 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1651 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1652 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1653 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1656 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1661 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1663 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1665 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1666 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1672 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1674 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1675 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1676 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1677 the tree thread-safe.
1682 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1684 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1687 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1695 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1697 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1699 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1701 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1702 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1704 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1705 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1706 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1707 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1708 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1709 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1710 finalize_op(prop_op);
1717 switch (o->op_type) {
1720 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1724 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1725 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1727 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1728 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1729 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1730 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1731 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1732 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1733 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1734 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1735 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1736 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1743 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1744 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1745 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1746 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1747 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1748 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1749 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1750 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1757 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1758 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1762 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1763 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1764 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1765 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1766 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1767 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1768 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1769 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1771 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1772 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1773 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1774 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1775 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1777 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1778 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1779 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1780 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1781 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1782 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1783 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1785 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1786 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1787 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1790 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1791 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1792 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1793 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1794 if (!SvIsCOW(PAD_SVl(ix))) SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1796 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1807 const char *key = NULL;
1810 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1813 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1814 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1815 if ((!SvIsCOW(sv = *svp))
1816 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1817 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1818 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1819 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1821 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(sv);
1825 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1828 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1829 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1831 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1832 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1834 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1835 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1837 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1838 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1839 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1841 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1842 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1843 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1855 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1857 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1858 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1859 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1860 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1862 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1863 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1865 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1866 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1867 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1869 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1870 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1871 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1873 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1879 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1880 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1882 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1883 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1885 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1886 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1887 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1888 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1889 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1890 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1892 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1893 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1894 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1895 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1896 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1897 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1898 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1899 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1906 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1907 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1914 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1916 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1922 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1924 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1925 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1926 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1927 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1930 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1931 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1932 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1934 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1935 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1941 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1945 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1948 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1951 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1952 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1957 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1959 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1961 switch (o->op_type) {
1966 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1970 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1971 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1972 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1973 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1974 poses, so we need it clear. */
1975 o->op_private &= ~1;
1976 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1977 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1978 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1981 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1982 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1983 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1984 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1985 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1986 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1987 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1990 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1991 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1994 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1995 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1997 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1998 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1999 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2000 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
2002 while (kid->op_sibling)
2003 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2004 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
2005 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
2008 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2009 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
2010 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2011 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2013 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2014 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2015 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2016 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2020 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2030 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2031 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2032 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2033 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2035 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2036 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2038 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2039 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2041 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2055 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2064 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2071 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2072 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2077 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2078 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2079 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2083 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2085 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2092 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2093 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2097 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2100 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2101 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2102 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2106 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2110 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2119 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2126 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2127 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2128 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2129 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2131 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2132 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2136 if (!type) /* local() */
2137 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2138 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2147 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2151 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2157 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2158 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2159 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2160 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2161 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2162 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2163 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2168 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2169 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2170 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2171 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2172 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2173 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2183 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2184 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2189 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2191 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2193 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2194 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2200 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2201 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2202 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2203 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2204 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2208 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2210 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2216 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2217 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2219 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2220 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2223 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2224 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2226 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2227 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2228 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2231 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2232 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2233 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2238 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2239 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2242 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2243 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2244 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2249 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2254 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2278 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2299 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2301 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2303 switch (o->op_type) {
2311 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2324 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2326 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2328 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2335 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2342 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2345 switch (o->op_type) {
2347 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2348 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2349 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2350 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2351 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2352 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2353 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2354 o->op_private &= ~1;
2356 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2357 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2358 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2360 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2366 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2367 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2370 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2371 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2372 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2375 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2376 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2377 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2379 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2386 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2389 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2390 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2391 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2397 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2402 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2404 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2408 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2409 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2410 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2411 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2413 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2423 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2425 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2435 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2442 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2443 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2444 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2446 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2447 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2449 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2453 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2455 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2456 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2457 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2458 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2459 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2466 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2469 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2471 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2473 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2474 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2476 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2477 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2479 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2480 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2482 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2483 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2484 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2485 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2487 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2492 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2495 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2496 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2498 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2503 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2504 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2505 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2507 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2508 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2509 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2510 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2511 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2512 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2514 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2515 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2518 /* Need package name for method call. */
2519 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2521 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2522 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2524 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2525 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2526 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2527 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2528 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2529 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2530 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2531 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2533 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2534 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2535 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2536 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2537 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2538 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2540 /* Combine the ops. */
2541 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2545 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2547 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2548 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2549 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2550 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2551 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2552 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2553 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2554 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2555 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2556 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2562 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2563 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2567 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2570 len = strlen(attrstr);
2574 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2576 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2577 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2578 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2579 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2580 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2584 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2585 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2586 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2587 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2588 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2589 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2590 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2595 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2599 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2601 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2603 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2607 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2608 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2612 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2614 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2615 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2617 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2619 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2621 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2622 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2623 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2625 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2627 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2629 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2630 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2631 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2632 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2633 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2634 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2635 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2638 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2641 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2644 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2646 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2648 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2650 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2653 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2656 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2657 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2659 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2660 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2662 stash = PL_curstash;
2663 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2665 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2666 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2668 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2673 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2677 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2679 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2681 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2682 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2684 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2694 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2696 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2697 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2698 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2701 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2702 which will mess up list assignment. */
2703 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2704 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2705 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2707 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2708 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2711 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2714 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2715 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2720 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2722 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2724 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2729 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2733 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2734 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2736 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2738 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2739 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2741 const char * const desc
2743 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2744 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2746 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2747 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2750 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2751 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2752 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2753 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2756 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2759 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2760 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2763 const char * const sample = (isary
2764 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2765 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2766 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2767 desc, sample, sample);
2771 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2772 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2773 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2775 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2778 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2779 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2781 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2782 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2783 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2785 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2786 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2787 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2788 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2789 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2791 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2793 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2796 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2797 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2798 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2799 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2800 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2801 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2802 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2805 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2806 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2808 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2810 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2814 return bind_match(type, left,
2815 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2819 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2823 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2827 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2829 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2830 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2831 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2832 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2833 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2834 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2841 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2845 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || TAINTING_get) {
2846 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2847 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2848 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2850 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2852 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2853 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2854 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2855 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2858 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2859 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2861 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2866 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2872 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2874 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2875 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2876 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2877 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2884 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2887 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2889 pad_block_start(full);
2891 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2892 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2893 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2895 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2901 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2904 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2905 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2908 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2911 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2913 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2917 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2918 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2919 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2924 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2927 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2928 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2929 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2930 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2931 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2932 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2933 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2934 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2935 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2936 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2937 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2938 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2939 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2940 list of ops like this:
2964 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2965 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2966 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2967 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2968 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2969 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2970 if (kid == last) break;
2972 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2975 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2981 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2983 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2985 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2986 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2992 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2994 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2996 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
3003 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
3004 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
3005 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
3008 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
3009 o->op_targ = offset;
3015 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3019 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3026 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3027 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3028 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3030 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3031 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3033 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3034 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3035 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3038 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3040 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3041 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3042 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3043 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3044 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3047 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3048 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3050 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3053 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3054 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3055 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3056 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3059 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3060 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3061 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3062 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3063 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3064 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3065 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3068 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3069 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3070 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3071 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3072 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3073 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3074 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3075 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3076 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3077 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3080 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3082 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3085 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3086 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3087 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3088 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3089 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3090 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3091 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3092 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3093 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3096 /* Register with debugger */
3098 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3102 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3104 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3111 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3115 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3117 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3118 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3119 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3126 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3127 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3128 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3130 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3133 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3134 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3138 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3139 && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3142 while (*s && (isWORDCHAR(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3144 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3150 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3151 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3152 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3154 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3156 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3166 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3167 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3168 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3173 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3175 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3177 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3179 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3180 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3185 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3186 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3188 I32 type = o->op_type;
3190 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3192 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3194 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3195 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3200 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3201 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3203 I32 type = o->op_type;
3205 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3207 /* integerize op. */
3208 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3211 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3214 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3215 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3216 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3222 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ OP *o)
3227 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3232 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3233 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3237 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3239 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3254 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3255 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3259 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3260 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3263 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3264 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3266 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3267 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3268 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3275 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3278 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3279 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3281 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3282 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3283 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3285 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3287 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3293 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3294 old_next = o->op_next;
3298 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3299 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3301 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3302 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3303 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3304 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3305 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3306 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3307 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3308 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3315 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3316 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3318 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3319 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3320 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3323 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3326 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3327 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3332 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3333 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3335 o->op_next = old_next;
3339 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3340 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3341 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3342 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3343 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3344 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3347 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3348 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3349 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3351 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3352 delete_eval_scope();
3361 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3362 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3364 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3365 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3373 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3377 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3380 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3381 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3383 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3386 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3389 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3390 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3391 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3392 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3394 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3395 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3396 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3397 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3398 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3399 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3400 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3402 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3411 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3414 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3415 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3416 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3418 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3420 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3421 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3423 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3424 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3425 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3426 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3430 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3431 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3432 o->op_flags |= flags;
3434 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3435 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3438 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3442 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3445 /* List constructors */
3448 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3450 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3451 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3452 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3453 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3454 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3455 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3461 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3469 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3470 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3472 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3475 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3476 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3478 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3479 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3481 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3486 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3488 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3489 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3490 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3491 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3492 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3493 the other is returned unchanged.
3499 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3507 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3508 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3510 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3511 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3513 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3514 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3515 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3518 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3519 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3521 while (mp->mad_next)
3523 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3526 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3529 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3530 last->op_madprop = 0;
3533 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3539 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3541 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3542 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3543 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3544 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3545 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3546 the other is returned unchanged.
3552 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3560 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3561 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3562 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3563 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3564 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3565 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3568 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3569 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3570 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3572 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3573 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3575 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3579 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3587 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3590 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3591 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3592 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3594 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3599 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3601 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3603 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3605 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3610 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3615 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3617 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3618 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3619 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3626 /* faked up qw list? */
3628 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3629 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3636 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3637 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3638 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3639 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3641 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3655 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3656 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3666 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3675 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3676 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3677 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3678 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3680 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3687 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3690 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3696 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3705 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3706 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3707 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3708 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3710 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3717 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3720 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3724 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3725 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3731 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3749 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3753 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3757 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3778 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3780 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3782 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3786 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3788 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3791 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3792 mp->mad_type = type;
3794 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3799 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3801 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3805 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3806 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3807 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3808 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3812 Safefree(mp->mad_val);
3815 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3816 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3819 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3822 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3825 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3831 =head1 Optree construction
3833 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3835 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3836 empty list expression.
3842 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3844 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3848 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3850 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3851 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3857 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3859 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3860 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3861 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3862 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3863 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3869 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3874 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3876 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3878 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3879 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3882 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3886 else if (!first && last)
3889 first->op_sibling = last;
3890 listop->op_first = first;
3891 listop->op_last = last;
3892 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3893 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3894 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3895 listop->op_first = pushop;
3896 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3898 listop->op_last = pushop;
3901 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3905 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3907 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3908 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3909 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3916 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3921 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3922 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3923 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3926 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3927 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3928 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3929 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3931 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3932 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3933 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3934 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3937 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3938 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3940 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3941 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3942 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3946 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3948 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3949 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3950 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3951 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3952 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3953 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3954 of the constructed op tree.
3960 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3965 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3966 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3967 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3970 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3971 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3972 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3973 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3974 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3975 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3976 || type == OP_NULL );
3979 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3980 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3981 first = force_list(first);
3983 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3984 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3985 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3986 unop->op_first = first;
3987 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3988 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3989 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3993 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3997 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3999 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
4000 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
4001 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
4002 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
4003 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
4004 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
4005 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
4011 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4016 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4017 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4019 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4022 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4024 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4025 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4026 binop->op_first = first;
4027 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4030 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4033 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4034 first->op_sibling = last;
4037 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4038 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4041 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4043 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4046 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4047 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4048 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4049 __attribute__pure__;
4050 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4052 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4054 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4056 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4058 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4064 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4067 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4070 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4071 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4073 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4076 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4077 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4083 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4084 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4085 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4088 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4090 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4093 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4096 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4098 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4099 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4101 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4102 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4116 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4117 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4120 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4124 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4127 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4129 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4133 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4134 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4135 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4136 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4140 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4143 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4145 transv = newSVpvs("");
4147 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4149 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4151 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4155 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4159 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4160 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4162 diff = val - nextmin;
4164 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4165 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4167 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4168 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4169 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4170 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4177 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4178 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4180 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4181 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4183 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4184 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4185 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4186 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4190 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4191 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4194 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4195 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4197 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4201 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4202 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4203 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4204 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4206 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4208 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4215 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4216 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4218 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4220 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4222 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4231 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4235 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4236 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4237 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4244 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4245 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4247 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4248 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4250 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4254 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4255 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4258 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4259 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4261 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4262 max = rfirst + diff;
4264 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4265 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4277 else if (max > 0xff)
4282 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4284 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4285 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4286 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4288 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4290 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4292 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4293 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4295 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4296 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4297 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4300 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4306 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4307 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4315 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4316 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4317 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4319 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4321 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4323 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4325 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4334 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4344 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4346 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4351 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4352 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4353 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4355 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4356 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4357 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4361 if (!rlen && !del) {
4364 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4366 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4367 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4369 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4371 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4372 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4374 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4380 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4381 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4388 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4389 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4390 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4391 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4395 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4397 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4398 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4408 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4410 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4411 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4412 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4418 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4423 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4425 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4426 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4427 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4428 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4429 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4431 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4432 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4433 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4434 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4436 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4437 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4438 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4440 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4442 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4443 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4444 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4446 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4447 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4448 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4450 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4451 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4457 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4458 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4459 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4460 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4461 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4462 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4464 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4466 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4468 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4469 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4470 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4472 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4473 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4474 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4475 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4479 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4482 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4483 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4484 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4487 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4488 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4489 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4490 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4491 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4493 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4494 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4495 * the new sub was created
4499 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4504 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4506 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4507 bool is_compiletime;
4510 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4512 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4514 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4516 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4517 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4518 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4519 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4520 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4521 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4524 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4527 OP* const oe = expr;
4528 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4529 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4530 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4531 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4532 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4533 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4536 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4539 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4540 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4541 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4542 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4543 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4547 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4549 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4550 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4552 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4553 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4555 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4559 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4564 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub;
4565 * also, mark any arrays as LIST/REF */
4567 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4569 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4571 if (o->op_type == OP_PADAV || o->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4572 assert( !(o->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4573 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4574 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4575 o->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4579 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4581 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4584 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4585 LISTOP *leaveop = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4587 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4588 assert(leaveop->op_first->op_sibling);
4589 o->op_next = leaveop->op_first->op_sibling;
4591 assert(leaveop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4592 assert(leaveop->op_last->op_next == (OP*)leaveop);
4593 leaveop->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4594 op_null((OP*)leaveop);
4598 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4599 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4600 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4601 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4604 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4605 * the op_next chain */
4608 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4612 else if (expr->op_type == OP_PADAV || expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV) {
4613 assert( !(expr->op_flags & OPf_WANT));
4614 /* push the array rather than its contents. The regex
4615 * engine will retrieve and join the elements later */
4616 expr->op_flags |= (OPf_WANT_LIST | OPf_REF);
4619 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4621 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4623 if (is_compiletime) {
4624 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4625 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4627 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4628 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4630 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4631 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4633 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4634 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4635 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4636 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4637 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4638 * regex was parsed */
4639 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4640 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4641 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4643 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4648 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4649 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4650 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4651 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4654 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4660 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4661 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4664 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4667 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4669 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4670 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4671 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4672 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4673 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4674 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4676 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4677 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4678 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4679 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4681 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4682 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4683 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4684 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4687 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4692 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4694 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4696 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4701 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4702 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4703 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4706 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4707 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_SPLIT;
4709 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4710 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4711 * preceding stacking ops;
4712 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4714 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || TAINTING_get)
4715 expr = newUNOP((TAINTING_get ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4717 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4718 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4719 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4720 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4721 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4722 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4723 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4727 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4729 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4731 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4732 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4736 * ------ -------------------
4737 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4738 * pushmark (for entersub)
4739 * pushmark (for refgen)
4743 * regcreset regcreset
4745 * const("a") const("a")
4747 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4752 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4753 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4754 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4755 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4756 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4757 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4759 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4762 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4763 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4764 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4765 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4766 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4767 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4768 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4769 rcop->op_private = 0;
4771 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4773 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4774 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4776 /* establish postfix order */
4777 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4779 rcop->op_next = expr;
4780 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4783 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4784 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4787 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4793 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4794 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4795 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4797 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4798 the implicit do{}. */
4799 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4800 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4801 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4802 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;