3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
13 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
14 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
15 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
16 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me." --the Gaffer
19 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
20 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
22 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
23 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
24 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
25 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
26 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
27 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
30 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
31 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
32 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
33 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
35 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
37 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
40 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
41 * is made, called opmini.c.
45 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
49 An execution-order pass
51 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
52 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
53 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
54 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
55 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
56 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
57 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
60 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
61 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
62 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
63 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
64 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
65 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
66 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
67 it's still not the real execution order.
69 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
70 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
71 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
72 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
73 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
76 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
77 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
78 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
79 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
80 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
81 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
82 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
83 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
84 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
85 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
86 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
87 than the entire %^H on each COP.
89 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
90 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
91 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
92 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
93 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVE_HINTS>
94 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
95 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
101 #include "keywords.h"
103 #define CALL_PEEP(o) CALL_FPTR(PL_peepp)(aTHX_ o)
105 #if defined(PL_OP_SLAB_ALLOC)
107 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
108 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 4096
109 # include <sys/mman.h>
112 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
113 #define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 2048
117 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
121 * To make incrementing use count easy PL_OpSlab is an I32 *
122 * To make inserting the link to slab PL_OpPtr is I32 **
123 * So compute size in units of sizeof(I32 *) as that is how Pl_OpPtr increments
124 * Add an overhead for pointer to slab and round up as a number of pointers
126 sz = (sz + 2*sizeof(I32 *) -1)/sizeof(I32 *);
127 if ((PL_OpSpace -= sz) < 0) {
128 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
129 /* We need to allocate chunk by chunk so that we can control the VM
131 PL_OpPtr = (I32**) mmap(0, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
132 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
134 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
135 (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*),
137 if(PL_OpPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
138 perror("mmap failed");
143 PL_OpPtr = (I32 **) PerlMemShared_calloc(PERL_SLAB_SIZE,sizeof(I32*));
148 /* We reserve the 0'th I32 sized chunk as a use count */
149 PL_OpSlab = (I32 *) PL_OpPtr;
150 /* Reduce size by the use count word, and by the size we need.
151 * Latter is to mimic the '-=' in the if() above
153 PL_OpSpace = PERL_SLAB_SIZE - (sizeof(I32)+sizeof(I32 **)-1)/sizeof(I32 **) - sz;
154 /* Allocation pointer starts at the top.
155 Theory: because we build leaves before trunk allocating at end
156 means that at run time access is cache friendly upward
158 PL_OpPtr += PERL_SLAB_SIZE;
160 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
161 /* We remember this slab. */
162 /* This implementation isn't efficient, but it is simple. */
163 PL_slabs = (I32**) realloc(PL_slabs, sizeof(I32**) * (PL_slab_count + 1));
164 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count++] = PL_OpSlab;
165 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Allocate %p\n", PL_OpSlab));
168 assert( PL_OpSpace >= 0 );
169 /* Move the allocation pointer down */
171 assert( PL_OpPtr > (I32 **) PL_OpSlab );
172 *PL_OpPtr = PL_OpSlab; /* Note which slab it belongs to */
173 (*PL_OpSlab)++; /* Increment use count of slab */
174 assert( PL_OpPtr+sz <= ((I32 **) PL_OpSlab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
175 assert( *PL_OpSlab > 0 );
176 return (void *)(PL_OpPtr + 1);
179 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
181 Perl_pending_Slabs_to_ro(pTHX) {
182 /* Turn all the allocated op slabs read only. */
183 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
184 I32 **const slabs = PL_slabs;
186 /* Reset the array of pending OP slabs, as we're about to turn this lot
187 read only. Also, do it ahead of the loop in case the warn triggers,
188 and a warn handler has an eval */
193 /* Force a new slab for any further allocation. */
197 void *const start = slabs[count];
198 const size_t size = PERL_SLAB_SIZE* sizeof(I32*);
199 if(mprotect(start, size, PROT_READ)) {
200 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d",
201 start, (unsigned long) size, errno);
209 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
211 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
212 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
213 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
214 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
216 if(mprotect(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
217 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d",
218 slab, (unsigned long) PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*), errno);
223 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
234 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
240 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
244 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
246 I32 * const * const ptr = (I32 **) op;
247 I32 * const slab = ptr[-1];
248 assert( ptr-1 > (I32 **) slab );
249 assert( ptr < ( (I32 **) slab + PERL_SLAB_SIZE) );
252 if (--(*slab) == 0) {
254 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
257 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
258 U32 count = PL_slab_count;
259 /* Need to remove this slab from our list of slabs */
262 if (PL_slabs[count] == slab) {
264 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
265 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
266 "Deallocate %p by moving %p from %lu to %lu\n",
268 PL_slabs[PL_slab_count - 1],
269 PL_slab_count, count));
270 PL_slabs[count] = PL_slabs[--PL_slab_count];
271 /* Could realloc smaller at this point, but probably not
273 if(munmap(slab, PERL_SLAB_SIZE*sizeof(I32*))) {
274 perror("munmap failed");
282 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
284 if (slab == PL_OpSlab) {
291 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
292 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
294 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
295 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
296 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
297 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
299 : CALL_FPTR(PL_check[type])(aTHX_ (OP*)o))
301 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
304 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
306 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
307 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
308 return SvPV_nolen_const(tmpsv);
312 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
314 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
320 S_too_few_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
322 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name));
327 S_too_many_arguments(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name)
329 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name));
334 S_bad_type(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, const OP *kid)
336 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
337 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)));
341 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ const OP *o)
344 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
345 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
346 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
350 /* "register" allocation */
353 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name)
357 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
359 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
363 (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES && UTF8_IS_START(name[1])) ||
364 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || name[2]))))
366 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
367 if (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1])) {
368 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%s in \"%s\"",
369 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), name + 2,
370 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
372 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %s in \"%s\"",name,
373 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
377 /* check for duplicate declaration */
378 pad_check_dup(name, is_our, (PL_curstash ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash));
380 if (PL_parser->in_my_stash && *name != '$') {
381 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_
382 "Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in \"%s\"",
385 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
388 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
390 off = pad_add_name(name,
391 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
393 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
394 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
398 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
400 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
401 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
403 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
404 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
409 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
410 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
413 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
415 if (o->op_latefree) {
423 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
425 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
431 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
438 if (o->op_latefreed) {
445 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
456 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
459 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
460 we maintain for reset(). */
461 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
471 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
472 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
473 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
474 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
479 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
481 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
485 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
486 * numbers etc even after null() */
487 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_SETSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
492 if (o->op_latefree) {
498 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
505 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
510 /* if (o->op_madprop && o->op_madprop->mad_next)
512 /* FIXME for MAD - if I uncomment these two lines t/op/pack.t fails with
513 "modification of a read only value" for a reason I can't fathom why.
514 It's the "" stringification of $_, where $_ was set to '' in a foreach
515 loop, but it defies simplification into a small test case.
516 However, commenting them out has caused ext/List/Util/t/weak.t to fail
519 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
525 switch (o->op_type) {
526 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
527 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
528 o->op_type = o->op_targ;
532 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
536 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
537 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_ck_ftst)))
543 if (! (o->op_type == OP_AELEMFAST && o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
544 /* not an OP_PADAV replacement */
546 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
547 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
548 * may still exist on the pad */
549 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
550 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
553 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
554 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
558 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
560 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
561 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
564 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
565 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
566 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
567 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
570 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
579 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
583 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
585 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
586 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
587 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
590 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
591 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
595 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
596 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
600 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
604 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
605 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
606 * exist on the pad */
607 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
610 SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv);
616 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
617 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
618 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
619 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
620 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
621 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
622 * happen before sv_clean_all
625 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
626 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
627 av_push((AV*) PL_regex_pad[0], newSViv((cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset));
628 PL_regex_pad[(cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset] = &PL_sv_undef;
631 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
632 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
638 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
639 pad_free(o->op_targ);
645 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
650 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
651 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
652 Perl_refcounted_he_free(aTHX_ cop->cop_hints_hash);
656 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
662 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
663 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash)) {
664 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((SV*)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
666 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
667 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
672 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
673 array[i] = array[--count];
674 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
675 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
676 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
679 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
696 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
698 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
699 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
701 switch (kid->op_type) {
706 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
708 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
709 kid = kid->op_sibling;
715 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
718 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
722 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
723 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
724 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
728 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
736 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
743 /* Contextualizers */
745 #define LINKLIST(o) ((o)->op_next ? (o)->op_next : linklist((OP*)o))
748 Perl_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
755 /* establish postfix order */
756 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
759 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
762 if (kid->op_sibling) {
763 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
764 kid = kid->op_sibling;
778 Perl_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
780 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
782 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
789 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
792 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
793 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
794 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
796 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
797 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
798 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
799 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
806 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
811 /* assumes no premature commitment */
812 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
813 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
814 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
819 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
821 switch (o->op_type) {
823 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
828 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
832 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first) && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
833 if (!kPMOP->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
834 deprecate_old("implicit split to @_");
842 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
843 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
849 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
851 while ((kid = kid->op_sibling)) {
857 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
862 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
868 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
871 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID))
872 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
878 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
882 const char* useless = NULL;
886 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
888 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
890 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
893 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
894 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
895 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
901 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
902 || o->op_type == OP_SETSTATE
903 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
904 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
905 || o->op_targ == OP_SETSTATE
906 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
907 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
909 /* assumes no premature commitment */
910 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
911 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
912 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
913 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
918 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
919 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
921 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
924 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
926 switch (o->op_type) {
928 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
932 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
936 if (o->op_private == 4)
1009 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1010 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1011 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1015 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1016 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1017 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS) {
1020 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1027 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1028 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1029 useless = "a variable";
1034 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1035 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1037 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1038 useless = "a constant";
1039 if (o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE)
1041 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1042 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1043 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1045 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1046 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1047 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1048 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1050 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1051 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1052 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1053 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1054 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1055 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1056 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1057 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1058 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1059 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1060 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1065 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1069 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1070 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1074 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1075 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1079 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1080 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1084 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1085 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1094 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1099 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1106 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1117 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1124 /* all requires must return a boolean value */
1125 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
1130 if ((kid = cLISTOPo->op_first) && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
1131 if (!kPMOP->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1132 deprecate_old("implicit split to @_");
1136 if (useless && ckWARN(WARN_VOID))
1137 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of %s in void context", useless);
1142 Perl_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1144 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1146 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1153 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1158 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1159 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1160 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1161 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1166 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1167 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1169 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1172 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1174 switch (o->op_type) {
1177 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1182 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1190 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1192 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1193 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1194 return gen_constant_list(o);
1201 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1203 while ((kid = kid->op_sibling)) {
1204 if (kid->op_sibling)
1209 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1213 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1214 if (kid->op_sibling)
1219 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1222 /* all requires must return a boolean value */
1223 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
1230 Perl_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1234 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1236 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1237 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1240 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1241 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1245 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1247 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1248 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1249 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1252 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1257 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1259 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1261 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1267 /* Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1268 * 'type' represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1269 * would do the modifying, although local() is represented by OP_NULL.
1270 * It's responsible for detecting things that can't be modified, flag
1271 * things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context (e.g., "$$x = 5"
1272 * might have to vivify a reference in $x), and so on.
1274 * For example, "$a+1 = 2" would cause mod() to be called with o being
1275 * OP_ADD and type being OP_SASSIGN, and would output an error.
1279 Perl_mod(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1283 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1286 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1289 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1290 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1295 switch (o->op_type) {
1301 if (!(o->op_private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE))
1304 if (PL_eval_start && PL_eval_start->op_type == OP_CONST) {
1305 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling,
1306 (I32)SvIV(cSVOPx(PL_eval_start)->op_sv));
1310 SAVECOPARYBASE(&PL_compiling);
1311 CopARYBASE_set(&PL_compiling, 0);
1313 else if (type == OP_REFGEN)
1316 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "That use of $[ is unsupported");
1319 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1323 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN) &&
1324 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1325 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1326 /* The default is to set op_private to the number of children,
1327 which for a UNOP such as RV2CV is always 1. And w're using
1328 the bit for a flag in RV2CV, so we need it clear. */
1329 o->op_private &= ~1;
1330 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1331 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1332 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1335 else if (o->op_private & OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD)
1337 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1338 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1339 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1340 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1341 /* Backward compatibility mode: */
1342 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1345 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1346 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1350 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1351 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1353 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1354 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1355 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1356 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1358 while (kid->op_sibling)
1359 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1360 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1362 if (kid->op_type == OP_METHOD_NAMED
1363 || kid->op_type == OP_METHOD)
1367 NewOp(1101, newop, 1, UNOP);
1368 newop->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1369 newop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1370 newop->op_first = NULL;
1371 newop->op_next = (OP*)newop;
1372 kid->op_sibling = (OP*)newop;
1373 newop->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1374 newop->op_private &= ~1;
1378 if (kid->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1380 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1381 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1382 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1383 kid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1384 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1388 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1389 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1390 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1391 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1393 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1394 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1395 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1396 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1397 /* Restore RV2CV to check lvalueness */
1399 if (kid->op_next && kid->op_next != kid) { /* Happens? */
1400 okid->op_next = kid->op_next;
1401 kid->op_next = okid;
1404 okid->op_next = NULL;
1405 okid->op_type = OP_RV2CV;
1407 okid->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1408 okid->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1409 okid->op_private &= ~1;
1413 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
1423 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
1424 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN)
1426 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
1427 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
1429 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
1430 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
1432 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
1446 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1455 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
1462 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1468 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
1469 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1470 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1474 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1476 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1480 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1481 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1487 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1490 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1495 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1510 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1511 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
1512 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
1513 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
1515 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1516 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1520 if (!type) /* local() */
1521 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %s",
1522 PAD_COMPNAME_PV(o->op_targ));
1530 if (type != OP_SASSIGN)
1534 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
1539 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1540 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1542 pad_free(o->op_targ);
1543 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
1544 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
1545 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1546 mod(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
1551 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
1552 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
1553 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
1554 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
1555 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1556 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
1566 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1567 mod(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
1572 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
1574 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1576 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
1577 mod(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
1583 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1588 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1590 break; /* mod()ing was handled by ck_return() */
1593 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
1594 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
1596 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
1597 PL_check[o->op_type] == MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_ck_ftst))
1600 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1601 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1603 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
1604 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
1605 else if (!type) { /* local() */
1608 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
1609 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
1610 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1615 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1616 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
1617 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
1621 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
1622 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
1623 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1628 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
1632 if (o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
1656 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
1676 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
1678 switch (o->op_type) {
1686 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
1699 Perl_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1701 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1703 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1710 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
1715 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1718 switch (o->op_type) {
1720 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1721 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1722 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1723 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1724 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1725 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
1726 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
1727 o->op_private &= ~1;
1732 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1733 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
1736 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1737 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1738 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1741 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1742 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1743 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1745 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1752 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1755 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
1756 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
1757 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1763 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
1768 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1770 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
1774 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
1775 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
1776 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
1777 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
1779 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
1789 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1791 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
1801 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1806 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
1807 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
1808 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
1810 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1811 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
1813 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
1817 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
1819 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
1820 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
1821 rop = append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
1822 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
1823 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
1830 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
1835 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
1836 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
1837 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
1839 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
1840 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
1843 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
1844 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
1845 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
1846 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
1848 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
1849 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
1852 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
1853 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
1855 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1856 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
1857 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1858 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1860 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
1866 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
1869 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
1875 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
1876 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
1877 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
1879 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
1880 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
1882 /* Need package name for method call. */
1883 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
1885 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
1886 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
1888 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
1889 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
1890 arg = prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1891 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
1892 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1893 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
1894 mod(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
1895 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
1897 /* Fake up a method call to import */
1898 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
1899 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
1900 append_elem(OP_LIST,
1901 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
1902 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
1903 imop->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_NOMOD;
1905 /* Combine the ops. */
1906 *imopsp = append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
1910 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
1912 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
1913 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
1914 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
1915 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
1916 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
1917 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
1918 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
1919 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
1920 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
1921 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
1927 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
1928 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
1933 len = strlen(attrstr);
1937 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
1939 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
1940 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
1941 attrs = append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
1942 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1943 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
1947 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
1948 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
1949 NULL, prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1950 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
1951 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1952 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
1958 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
1963 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1967 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1968 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
1972 if (type == OP_LIST) {
1974 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1975 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
1976 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF
1982 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
1984 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
1985 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
1986 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
1988 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
1990 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
1992 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
1993 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
1994 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
1995 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
1996 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
1997 type == OP_RV2AV ? (SV*)GvAV(gv) :
1998 type == OP_RV2HV ? (SV*)GvHV(gv) : (SV*)gv),
2001 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2004 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2007 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2009 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2011 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2013 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2016 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2019 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2020 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2022 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2023 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2025 stash = PL_curstash;
2026 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2028 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2029 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2030 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state)
2031 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2036 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2040 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2042 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2043 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2045 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2055 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2057 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2058 o = scalar(append_list(OP_LIST, (LISTOP*)rops, (LISTOP*)o));
2059 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2062 o = append_list(OP_LIST, (LISTOP*)o, (LISTOP*)rops);
2064 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2065 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2070 Perl_my(pTHX_ OP *o)
2072 return my_attrs(o, NULL);
2076 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2078 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2080 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2085 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2089 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2090 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2092 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2093 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2095 const char * const desc
2096 = PL_op_desc[(rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS)
2097 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2098 const char * const sample = ((ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV)
2099 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2100 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2101 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2102 desc, sample, sample);
2105 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2106 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2107 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2109 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2112 ismatchop = rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2113 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2115 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2117 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2119 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2122 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2123 if (rtype != OP_MATCH &&
2124 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2125 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL))
2126 newleft = mod(left, rtype);
2129 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS)
2130 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2132 o = prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2134 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2138 return bind_match(type, left,
2139 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0));
2143 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2147 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2151 Perl_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2155 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2156 o = prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2157 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2158 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2160 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2162 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2163 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2164 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2165 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2168 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2169 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2171 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2176 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2182 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2185 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2186 pad_block_start(full);
2188 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2189 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2190 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2195 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2198 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2199 OP* const retval = scalarseq(seq);
2201 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2203 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2212 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy("$_");
2213 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2214 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2217 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2218 o->op_targ = offset;
2224 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2230 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2231 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2232 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2233 PL_eval_start = linklist(PL_eval_root);
2234 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2235 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2236 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2237 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2240 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2241 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2243 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2246 PL_main_root = scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2247 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2248 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2249 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2250 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2251 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2252 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2255 /* Register with debugger */
2258 = Perl_get_cvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("DB::postponed"), 0);
2262 XPUSHs((SV*)CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling));
2264 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD);
2271 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2274 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2275 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2276 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2283 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
2284 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
2285 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
2287 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
2290 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
2291 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2295 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
2296 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
2299 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
2301 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
2307 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
2308 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
2309 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
2311 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2313 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
2323 o = mod(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
2324 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2325 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2330 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
2332 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
2334 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
2335 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
2341 Perl_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2346 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
2351 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
2352 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
2355 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2357 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
2358 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2360 /* integerize op, unless it happens to be C<-foo>.
2361 * XXX should pp_i_negate() do magic string negation instead? */
2362 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER)
2363 && !(type == OP_NEGATE && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
2364 && (cUNOPo->op_first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)))
2366 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
2369 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
2374 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
2375 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
2386 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
2387 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
2391 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2392 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
2394 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
2395 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
2396 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
2398 type != OP_SCALAR &&
2400 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2406 curop = LINKLIST(o);
2407 old_next = o->op_next;
2411 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2412 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
2414 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
2421 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
2422 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) /* grab pad temp? */
2423 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
2424 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
2425 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
2430 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
2431 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
2432 sv_setpvn(ERRSV,"",0);
2433 o->op_next = old_next;
2437 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
2438 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2439 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2440 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
2441 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
2442 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
2445 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
2446 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
2448 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
2449 delete_eval_scope();
2458 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
2459 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, (GV*)sv);
2461 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, (SV*)sv);
2462 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
2470 Perl_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
2474 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
2477 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
2478 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
2480 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
2486 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
2487 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
2489 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
2491 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
2492 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
2493 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
2494 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
2495 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in peep() */
2496 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
2497 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
2499 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
2508 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
2511 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2512 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2514 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
2516 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
2517 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
2519 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2520 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2521 o->op_flags |= flags;
2523 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
2524 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2527 return fold_constants(o);
2530 /* List constructors */
2533 Perl_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2541 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
2542 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
2544 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2547 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2548 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
2550 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2551 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
2553 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
2558 Perl_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, LISTOP *first, LISTOP *last)
2566 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2567 return prepend_elem(type, (OP*)first, (OP*)last);
2569 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
2570 return append_elem(type, (OP*)first, (OP*)last);
2572 first->op_last->op_sibling = last->op_first;
2573 first->op_last = last->op_last;
2574 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
2577 if (last->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
2578 MADPROP *mp = last->op_first->op_madprop;
2580 while (mp->mad_next)
2582 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
2585 last->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
2588 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
2589 last->op_madprop = 0;
2592 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)last);
2598 Perl_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
2606 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
2607 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
2608 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
2609 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
2610 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
2611 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
2614 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
2615 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
2616 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2618 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
2619 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
2621 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2625 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
2633 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
2636 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
2637 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
2638 tk->tk_type = 12345;
2640 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
2645 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
2647 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
2649 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
2654 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
2658 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
2659 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2660 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
2667 /* faked up qw list? */
2669 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
2670 SvPVX((SV*)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
2677 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2678 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2679 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2680 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2682 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2696 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
2697 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
2707 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
2716 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2717 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2718 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2719 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2721 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2728 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
2731 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
2737 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
2746 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
2747 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
2748 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
2749 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
2751 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
2758 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
2761 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
2765 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
2766 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
2772 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
2790 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
2794 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
2798 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
2819 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
2821 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
2825 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, const void* val, I32 vlen)
2828 Newxz(mp, 1, MADPROP);
2831 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
2832 mp->mad_type = type;
2834 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
2839 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
2841 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
2845 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
2846 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
2847 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
2848 switch (mp->mad_type) {
2852 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
2855 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
2856 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
2859 sv_free((SV*)mp->mad_val);
2862 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
2871 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
2873 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2877 Perl_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
2879 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
2880 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
2886 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
2891 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
2893 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2894 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2897 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
2901 else if (!first && last)
2904 first->op_sibling = last;
2905 listop->op_first = first;
2906 listop->op_last = last;
2907 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2908 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
2909 pushop->op_sibling = first;
2910 listop->op_first = pushop;
2911 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
2913 listop->op_last = pushop;
2916 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
2920 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
2924 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
2925 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2926 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2927 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
2929 o->op_latefreed = 0;
2933 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
2934 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
2936 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
2937 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
2938 return CHECKOP(type, o);
2942 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
2948 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
2949 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
2950 first = force_list(first);
2952 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
2953 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2954 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2955 unop->op_first = first;
2956 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
2957 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
2958 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
2962 return fold_constants((OP *) unop);
2966 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
2970 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
2973 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
2975 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
2976 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
2977 binop->op_first = first;
2978 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
2981 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
2984 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
2985 first->op_sibling = last;
2988 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
2989 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
2992 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
2994 return fold_constants((OP *)binop);
2997 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
2998 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
2999 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3000 __attribute__pure__;
3001 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3003 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3005 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3007 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3009 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3015 Perl_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3018 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3021 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3022 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3024 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3027 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3028 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3032 register short *tbl;
3034 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3035 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3036 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3038 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3041 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3044 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3046 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3047 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3049 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3050 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3064 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3065 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3068 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
3072 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
3075 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
3077 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
3081 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
3082 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
3083 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
3084 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
3088 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
3091 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
3093 transv = newSVpvs("");
3095 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3097 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
3099 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
3103 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
3107 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
3108 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
3110 diff = val - nextmin;
3112 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3113 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3115 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3116 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
3117 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3118 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3125 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
3126 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3128 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
3129 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
3131 t = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff,
3132 UNICODE_ALLOW_SUPER);
3133 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
3134 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
3135 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
3139 else if (!rlen && !del) {
3140 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
3143 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
3144 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
3146 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3150 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
3151 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
3152 if (tfirst > tlast) {
3153 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3155 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3157 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
3164 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
3165 if (rfirst > rlast) {
3167 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3169 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
3171 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
3180 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
3184 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
3185 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
3186 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
3193 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
3194 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
3196 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
3197 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
3199 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
3203 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
3204 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
3207 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
3208 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
3210 if (rfirst + diff > max)
3211 max = rfirst + diff;
3213 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
3214 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
3226 else if (max > 0xff)
3231 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
3232 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
3234 swash = (SV*)swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none);
3236 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
3237 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
3238 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
3241 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
3243 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
3244 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
3246 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
3247 (void)hv_store((HV*)SvRV(swash), "FINAL", 5,
3248 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
3251 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3257 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3258 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3266 tbl = (short*)cPVOPo->op_pv;
3268 Zero(tbl, 256, short);
3269 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
3271 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
3273 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3282 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3292 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3294 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
3299 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
3300 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
3301 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
3303 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
3304 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
3305 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
3309 if (!rlen && !del) {
3312 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3314 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
3315 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
3317 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
3319 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
3320 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
3322 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
3328 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
3329 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
3336 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
3338 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
3339 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
3349 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3354 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
3355 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3356 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3357 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3358 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3360 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
3361 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
3362 if (PL_hints & HINT_LOCALE)
3363 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_LOCALE;
3367 if (av_len((AV*) PL_regex_pad[0]) > -1) {
3368 SV * const repointer = av_pop((AV*)PL_regex_pad[0]);
3369 const IV offset = SvIV(repointer);
3370 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
3371 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
3372 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
3373 SvREFCNT_dec(repointer);
3375 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
3376 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
3377 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
3378 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
3382 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
3385 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
3386 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
3387 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
3390 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
3391 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
3392 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
3393 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
3394 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
3398 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg)
3403 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
3407 if (o->op_type == OP_SUBST || o->op_type == OP_TRANS) {
3408 /* last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
3410 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
3411 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
3412 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
3413 kid = kid->op_sibling;
3414 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
3415 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
3418 if (isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST &&
3419 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last)
3421 /* convert single element list to element */
3422 OP* const oe = expr;
3423 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling;
3424 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
3425 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
3429 if (o->op_type == OP_TRANS) {
3430 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
3433 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
3437 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3440 if (expr->op_type == OP_CONST) {
3441 SV *pat = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3442 U32 pm_flags = pm->op_pmflags & PMf_COMPILETIME;
3444 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
3445 pm_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
3448 assert (SvUTF8(pat));
3449 } else if (SvUTF8(pat)) {
3450 /* Not doing UTF-8, despite what the SV says. Is this only if we're
3451 trapped in use 'bytes'? */
3452 /* Make a copy of the octet sequence, but without the flag on, as
3453 the compiler now honours the SvUTF8 flag on pat. */
3455 const char *const p = SvPV(pat, len);
3456 pat = newSVpvn_flags(p, len, SVs_TEMP);
3459 PM_SETRE(pm, CALLREGCOMP(pat, pm_flags));
3462 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
3468 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL))
3469 expr = newUNOP((!(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)
3471 : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
3473 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3474 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
3475 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
3476 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
3477 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
3478 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
3479 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
3480 rcop->op_private = 1;
3483 rcop->op_targ = pad_alloc(rcop->op_type, SVs_PADTMP);
3485 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
3488 /* establish postfix order */
3489 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || !(PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL)) {
3491 rcop->op_next = expr;
3492 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3495 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
3496 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3499 prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
3504 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
3506 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
3507 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
3509 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
3513 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3514 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
3515 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
3516 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
3517 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
3518 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
3520 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
3523 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
3525 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
3526 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
3527 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
3528 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
3529 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
3532 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
3533 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
3534 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
3535 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
3539 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
3540 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
3550 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
3552 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
3553 prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
3556 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
3557 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
3559 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
3560 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
3561 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
3562 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
3563 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3564 rcop->op_private = 1;
3567 /* establish postfix order */
3568 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
3569 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
3571 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
3572 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
3573 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
3582 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
3586 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
3587 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3588 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3590 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
3591 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3592 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3594 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3595 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3596 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
3601 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
3605 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
3606 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3607 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3608 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3609 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
3610 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
3613 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
3614 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3615 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3617 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3618 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3619 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
3624 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
3630 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
3632 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
3637 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
3641 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
3642 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3643 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3645 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
3646 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3647 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3649 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3650 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3651 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
3659 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
3662 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
3667 save_hptr(&PL_curstash);
3668 save_item(PL_curstname);
3670 PL_curstash = gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD);
3672 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
3674 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3675 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
3676 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
3681 if (!PL_madskills) {
3686 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
3687 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
3697 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
3704 OP *pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
3707 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
3708 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
3711 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
3716 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
3719 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
3720 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
3727 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
3728 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be constant number");
3730 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
3731 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
3733 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
3734 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
3735 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
3736 append_elem(OP_LIST,
3737 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
3738 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3742 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
3743 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3745 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
3746 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
3748 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
3749 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
3751 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
3757 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
3759 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
3760 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
3762 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
3764 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
3765 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
3766 append_elem(OP_LIST,
3767 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
3768 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
3771 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
3773 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
3776 append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
3777 append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
3778 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
3779 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
3780 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
3782 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
3783 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
3784 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
3785 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
3786 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
3787 * filesystems the script will stop working.
3789 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
3790 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
3791 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
3792 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
3794 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
3795 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
3796 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
3799 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3800 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
3801 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
3802 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
3805 if (!PL_madskills) {
3806 /* FIXME - don't allocate pegop if !PL_madskills */
3815 =head1 Embedding Functions
3817 =for apidoc load_module
3819 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
3820 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
3821 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
3822 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
3823 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics
3824 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
3825 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
3826 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>.
3831 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
3834 va_start(args, ver);
3835 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
3839 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3841 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
3845 va_start(args, ver);
3846 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
3852 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
3857 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
3858 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
3860 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
3864 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
3865 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
3867 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
3868 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
3873 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
3875 imop = append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
3876 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
3880 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
3881 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
3882 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
3883 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
3884 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
3887 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
3888 lex_start(NULL, NULL, FALSE);
3889 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
3890 veop, modname, imop);
3895 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
3901 if (!force_builtin) {
3902 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3903 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
3904 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
3905 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3909 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
3910 doop = ck_subr(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
3911 append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
3912 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
3913 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv))))));
3916 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
3922 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
3924 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
3925 list(force_list(subscript)),
3926 list(force_list(listval)) );
3930 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
3938 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
3939 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
3941 flags = o->op_flags;
3943 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
3944 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3945 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
3950 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
3954 if (type == OP_LIST &&
3955 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
3956 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
3959 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
3960 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
3961 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
3964 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
3967 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
3974 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
3980 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
3981 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
3982 mod(scalar(left), optype),
3983 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
3986 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
3987 mod(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
3991 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
3992 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
3993 " in list context currently forbidden";
3995 bool maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
3998 /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
3999 /* Only simple assignments like C<< ($[) = 1 >> are allowed */
4000 PL_eval_start = (left->op_type == OP_CONST) ? right : NULL;
4001 left = mod(left, OP_AASSIGN);
4004 else if (left->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4006 /* Result of assignment is always 1 (or we'd be dead already) */
4007 return newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(1));
4009 curop = list(force_list(left));
4010 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
4011 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4013 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
4014 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
4016 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
4017 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
4019 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4020 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4021 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4022 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4023 if (!(lop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
4024 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
4026 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
4027 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
4028 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
4031 /* Each state variable in
4032 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
4034 yyerror(no_list_state);
4036 /* Each my variable in
4037 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
4039 } else if (lop->op_type == OP_UNDEF ||
4040 lop->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
4041 /* undef may be interesting in
4042 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
4044 /* Other ops in the list. */
4045 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
4047 lop = lop->op_sibling;
4050 else if ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
4051 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
4052 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
4053 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
4054 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
4056 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
4057 if (left->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
4058 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
4068 yyerror(no_list_state);
4072 /* PL_generation sorcery:
4073 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
4074 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
4075 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
4076 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
4077 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
4078 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
4079 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
4080 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
4081 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
4082 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
4083 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
4086 if (maybe_common_vars) {
4089 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4090 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
4091 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4092 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4094 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4096 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4098 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4099 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4100 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4101 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4103 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
4104 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
4106 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
4109 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4111 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4112 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4113 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4114 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4115 if (lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
4118 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
4120 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
4121 GV *const gv = (GV*)PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff);
4123 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4125 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4129 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
4132 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
4134 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
4144 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
4147 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
4148 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
4149 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
4150 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
4151 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
4152 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
4153 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
4155 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
4156 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
4158 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4160 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4164 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
4165 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
4166 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
4168 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
4169 = (GV*)cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv;
4170 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
4172 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
4173 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
4174 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
4175 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
4176 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
4177 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
4178 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
4179 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
4184 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
4185 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
4187 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
4189 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
4197 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
4198 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
4199 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
4200 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, mod(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN), scalar(right));
4203 PL_eval_start = right; /* Grandfathering $[ assignment here. Bletch.*/
4204 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
4205 scalar(right), mod(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
4211 o = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(CopARYBASE_get(&PL_compiling)));
4212 o->op_private |= OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
4219 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
4222 const U32 seq = intro_my();
4225 NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
4226 if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
4227 cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
4228 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
4231 cop->op_type = OP_NEXTSTATE;
4232 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
4234 cop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4235 CopHINTS_set(cop, PL_hints);
4237 cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
4239 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, CopHINTS_get(cop));
4240 cop->op_next = (OP*)cop;
4243 CopLABEL_set(cop, label);
4244 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4247 /* CopARYBASE is now "virtual", in that it's stored as a flag bit in
4248 CopHINTS and a possible value in cop_hints_hash, so no need to copy it.
4250 cop->cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
4251 cop->cop_hints_hash = PL_curcop->cop_hints_hash;
4252 if (cop->cop_hints_hash) {
4254 cop->cop_hints_hash->refcounted_he_refcnt++;
4255 HINTS_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
4258 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
4259 CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
4261 CopLINE_set(cop, PL_parser->copline);
4263 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4266 CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop)); /* XXX share in a pvtable? */
4268 CopFILEGV_set(cop, CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
4270 CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
4272 if (PERLDB_LINE && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
4273 AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
4275 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
4276 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef ) {
4277 (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
4278 SvIV_set(*svp, PTR2IV(cop));
4283 return prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)cop, o);
4288 Perl_newLOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *other)
4291 return new_logop(type, flags, &first, &other);
4295 S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
4300 OP *first = *firstp;
4301 OP * const other = *otherp;
4303 if (type == OP_XOR) /* Not short circuit, but here by precedence. */
4304 return newBINOP(type, flags, scalar(first), scalar(other));
4306 scalarboolean(first);
4307 /* optimize "!a && b" to "a || b", and "!a || b" to "a && b" */
4308 if (first->op_type == OP_NOT
4309 && (first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4310 && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
4312 if (type == OP_AND || type == OP_OR) {
4318 first = *firstp = cUNOPo->op_first;
4320 first->op_next = o->op_next;
4321 cUNOPo->op_first = NULL;
4325 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4326 if (first->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
4327 no_bareword_allowed(first);
4328 else if ((first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE) && ckWARN(WARN_BAREWORD))
4329 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD), "Bareword found in conditional");
4330 if ((type == OP_AND && SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv)) ||
4331 (type == OP_OR && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv)) ||
4332 (type == OP_DOR && !SvOK(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv))) {
4334 if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
4335 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
4337 OP *newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, other);
4338 op_getmad(first, newop, '1');
4339 newop->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
4346 /* check for C<my $x if 0>, or C<my($x,$y) if 0> */
4347 const OP *o2 = other;
4348 if ( ! (o2->op_type == OP_LIST
4349 && (( o2 = cUNOPx(o2)->op_first))
4350 && o2->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
4351 && (( o2 = o2->op_sibling)) )
4354 if ((o2->op_type == OP_PADSV || o2->op_type == OP_PADAV
4355 || o2->op_type == OP_PADHV)
4356 && o2->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO
4357 && !(o2->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE)
4358 && ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED))
4360 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
4361 "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional");
4365 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST)
4366 first->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
4368 first = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, first);
4369 op_getmad(other, first, '2');
4370 first->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
4377 else if ((first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && type != OP_DOR
4378 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) /* [#24076] Don't warn for <FH> err FOO. */
4380 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
4381 const OP * const k2 = k1->op_sibling;
4383 switch (first->op_type)
4386 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4387 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4388 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4390 warnop = k2->op_type;
4395 if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4396 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4397 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4398 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH)
4400 warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
4401 ? (OPCODE)k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
4406 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
4407 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
4408 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
4409 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
4411 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
4412 ? " construct" : "() operator"));
4413 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
4420 if (type == OP_ANDASSIGN || type == OP_ORASSIGN || type == OP_DORASSIGN)
4421 other->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS; /* other is an OP_SASSIGN */
4423 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
4425 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4426 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4427 logop->op_first = first;
4428 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4429 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(other);
4430 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4432 /* establish postfix order */
4433 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
4434 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
4435 first->op_sibling = other;
4437 CHECKOP(type,logop);
4439 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
4446 Perl_newCONDOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *first, OP *trueop, OP *falseop)
4454 return newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, first, trueop);
4456 return newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, first, falseop);
4458 scalarboolean(first);
4459 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST) {
4460 /* Left or right arm of the conditional? */
4461 const bool left = SvTRUE(((SVOP*)first)->op_sv);
4462 OP *live = left ? trueop : falseop;
4463 OP *const dead = left ? falseop : trueop;
4464 if (first->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
4465 first->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) {
4466 no_bareword_allowed(first);
4469 /* This is all dead code when PERL_MAD is not defined. */
4470 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, live);
4471 op_getmad(first, live, 'C');
4472 op_getmad(dead, live, left ? 'e' : 't');
4479 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
4480 logop->op_type = OP_COND_EXPR;
4481 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_COND_EXPR];
4482 logop->op_first = first;
4483 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4484 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4485 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(trueop);
4486 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(falseop);
4488 CHECKOP(OP_COND_EXPR, /* that's logop->op_type */
4491 /* establish postfix order */
4492 start = LINKLIST(first);
4493 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
4495 first->op_sibling = trueop;
4496 trueop->op_sibling = falseop;
4497 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
4499 trueop->op_next = falseop->op_next = o;
4506 Perl_newRANGE(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, OP *right)
4515 NewOp(1101, range, 1, LOGOP);
4517 range->op_type = OP_RANGE;
4518 range->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RANGE];
4519 range->op_first = left;
4520 range->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
4521 leftstart = LINKLIST(left);
4522 range->op_other = LINKLIST(right);
4523 range->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4525 left->op_sibling = right;
4527 range->op_next = (OP*)range;
4528 flip = newUNOP(OP_FLIP, flags, (OP*)range);
4529 flop = newUNOP(OP_FLOP, 0, flip);
4530 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, flop);
4532 range->op_next = leftstart;
4534 left->op_next = flip;
4535 right->op_next = flop;
4537 range->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
4538 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(range->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
4539 flip->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
4540 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(flip->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
4542 flip->op_private = left->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
4543 flop->op_private = right->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
4546 if (!flip->op_private || !flop->op_private)
4547 linklist(o); /* blow off optimizer unless constant */
4553 Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
4558 const bool once = block && block->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL &&
4559 (block->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB || block->op_type == OP_NULL);
4561 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
4564 if (once && expr->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv))
4565 return block; /* do {} while 0 does once */
4566 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
4567 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
4568 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
4569 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
4570 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4571 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
4572 const OP * const k2 = k1 ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
4573 switch (expr->op_type) {
4575 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4576 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4577 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4578 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4582 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4583 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4584 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4585 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH))
4586 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4592 /* if block is null, the next append_elem() would put UNSTACK, a scalar
4593 * op, in listop. This is wrong. [perl #27024] */
4595 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4596 listop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, block, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
4597 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
4600 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next = LINKLIST(o);
4602 if (once && o != listop)
4603 o->op_next = ((LOGOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_other;
4606 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o); /* or do {} while 1 loses outer block */
4608 o->op_flags |= flags;
4610 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* suppress POPBLOCK curpm restoration*/
4615 Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop, I32
4616 whileline, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont, I32 has_my)
4625 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
4628 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
4629 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
4630 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
4631 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
4632 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4633 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
4634 const OP * const k2 = (k1) ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
4635 switch (expr->op_type) {
4637 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
4638 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
4639 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
4640 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4644 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
4645 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
4646 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
4647 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH))
4648 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
4655 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4656 else if (cont || has_my) {
4657 block = scope(block);
4661 next = LINKLIST(cont);
4664 OP * const unstack = newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0);
4667 cont = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, unstack);
4671 listop = append_list(OP_LINESEQ, (LISTOP*)block, (LISTOP*)cont);
4673 redo = LINKLIST(listop);
4676 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)whileline;
4678 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
4679 if (o == expr && o->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(cSVOPo->op_sv)) {
4680 op_free(expr); /* oops, it's a while (0) */
4682 return NULL; /* listop already freed by new_logop */
4685 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next =
4686 (o == listop ? redo : LINKLIST(o));
4692 NewOp(1101,loop,1,LOOP);
4693 loop->op_type = OP_ENTERLOOP;
4694 loop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERLOOP];
4695 loop->op_private = 0;
4696 loop->op_next = (OP*)loop;
4699 o = newBINOP(OP_LEAVELOOP, 0, (OP*)loop, o);
4701 loop->op_redoop = redo;
4702 loop->op_lastop = o;
4703 o->op_private |= loopflags;
4706 loop->op_nextop = next;
4708 loop->op_nextop = o;
4710 o->op_flags |= flags;
4711 o->op_private |= (flags >> 8);
4716 Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, line_t forline, OP *sv, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont)
4721 PADOFFSET padoff = 0;
4727 if (sv->op_type == OP_RV2SV) { /* symbol table variable */
4728 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpOUR_INTRO; /* for our $x () */
4729 sv->op_type = OP_RV2GV;
4730 sv->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2GV];
4732 /* The op_type check is needed to prevent a possible segfault
4733 * if the loop variable is undeclared and 'strict vars' is in
4734 * effect. This is illegal but is nonetheless parsed, so we
4735 * may reach this point with an OP_CONST where we're expecting
4738 if (cUNOPx(sv)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
4739 && cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(sv)->op_first) == PL_defgv)
4740 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4742 else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
4743 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO; /* for my $x () */
4744 padoff = sv->op_targ;
4754 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %s for loop variable", PL_op_desc[sv->op_type]);
4756 SV *const namesv = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(padoff);
4758 const char *const name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
4760 if (len == 2 && name[0] == '$' && name[1] == '_')
4761 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4765 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy("$_");
4766 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
4767 sv = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv);
4772 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
4774 if (expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV || expr->op_type == OP_PADAV) {
4775 expr = mod(force_list(scalar(ref(expr, OP_ITER))), OP_GREPSTART);
4776 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
4778 else if (expr->op_type == OP_NULL &&
4779 (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) &&
4780 ((BINOP*)expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP)
4782 /* Basically turn for($x..$y) into the same as for($x,$y), but we
4783 * set the STACKED flag to indicate that these values are to be
4784 * treated as min/max values by 'pp_iterinit'.
4786 const UNOP* const flip = (UNOP*)((UNOP*)((BINOP*)expr)->op_first)->op_first;
4787 LOGOP* const range = (LOGOP*) flip->op_first;
4788 OP* const left = range->op_first;
4789 OP* const right = left->op_sibling;
4792 range->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
4793 range->op_first = NULL;
4795 listop = (LISTOP*)newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, left, right);
4796 listop->op_first->op_next = range->op_next;
4797 left->op_next = range->op_other;
4798 right->op_next = (OP*)listop;
4799 listop->op_next = listop->op_first;
4802 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)listop,'O');