6 our $VERSION = '2.020_04'; # patched in perl5.git
7 $VERSION =~ tr/_//d; # make $VERSION numeric
11 C<Socket> - networking constants and support functions
15 C<Socket> a low-level module used by, among other things, the L<IO::Socket>
16 family of modules. The following examples demonstrate some low-level uses but
17 a practical program would likely use the higher-level API provided by
18 C<IO::Socket> or similar instead.
20 use Socket qw(PF_INET SOCK_STREAM pack_sockaddr_in inet_aton);
22 socket(my $socket, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
25 my $port = getservbyname "echo", "tcp";
26 connect($socket, pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton("localhost")))
29 print $socket "Hello, world!\n";
32 See also the L</EXAMPLES> section.
36 This module provides a variety of constants, structure manipulators and other
37 functions related to socket-based networking. The values and functions
38 provided are useful when used in conjunction with Perl core functions such as
39 socket(), setsockopt() and bind(). It also provides several other support
40 functions, mostly for dealing with conversions of network addresses between
41 human-readable and native binary forms, and for hostname resolver operations.
43 Some constants and functions are exported by default by this module; but for
44 backward-compatibility any recently-added symbols are not exported by default
45 and must be requested explicitly. When an import list is provided to the
46 C<use Socket> line, the default exports are not automatically imported. It is
47 therefore best practice to always to explicitly list all the symbols required.
49 Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided: the constants
50 C<CR>, C<LF>, and C<CRLF>, as well as C<$CR>, C<$LF>, and C<$CRLF>, which map
51 to C<\015>, C<\012>, and C<\015\012>. If you do not want to use the literal
52 characters in your programs, then use the constants provided here. They are
53 not exported by default, but can be imported individually, and with the
56 use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);
58 $sock->print("GET / HTTP/1.0$CRLF");
60 The entire getaddrinfo() subsystem can be exported using the tag C<:addrinfo>;
61 this exports the getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() functions, and all the
62 C<AI_*>, C<NI_*>, C<NIx_*> and C<EAI_*> constants.
68 In each of the following groups, there may be many more constants provided
69 than just the ones given as examples in the section heading. If the heading
70 ends C<...> then this means there are likely more; the exact constants
71 provided will depend on the OS and headers found at compile-time.
75 =head2 PF_INET, PF_INET6, PF_UNIX, ...
77 Protocol family constants to use as the first argument to socket() or the
78 value of the C<SO_DOMAIN> or C<SO_FAMILY> socket option.
80 =head2 AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, ...
82 Address family constants used by the socket address structures, to pass to
83 such functions as inet_pton() or getaddrinfo(), or are returned by such
84 functions as sockaddr_family().
86 =head2 SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW, ...
88 Socket type constants to use as the second argument to socket(), or the value
89 of the C<SO_TYPE> socket option.
91 =head2 SOCK_NONBLOCK. SOCK_CLOEXEC
93 Linux-specific shortcuts to specify the C<O_NONBLOCK> and C<FD_CLOEXEC> flags
94 during a C<socket(2)> call.
96 socket( my $sockh, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0 )
100 Socket option level constant for setsockopt() and getsockopt().
102 =head2 SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_ERROR, ...
104 Socket option name constants for setsockopt() and getsockopt() at the
107 =head2 IP_OPTIONS, IP_TOS, IP_TTL, ...
109 Socket option name constants for IPv4 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IP>
112 =head2 IPTOS_LOWDELAY, IPTOS_THROUGHPUT, IPTOS_RELIABILITY, ...
114 Socket option value constants for C<IP_TOS> socket option.
116 =head2 MSG_BCAST, MSG_OOB, MSG_TRUNC, ...
118 Message flag constants for send() and recv().
120 =head2 SHUT_RD, SHUT_RDWR, SHUT_WR
122 Direction constants for shutdown().
124 =head2 INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE
126 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET> addresses for wildcard, broadcast,
127 local loopback, and invalid addresses.
129 Normally equivalent to inet_aton('0.0.0.0'), inet_aton('255.255.255.255'),
130 inet_aton('localhost') and inet_aton('255.255.255.255') respectively.
132 =head2 IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_TCP, ...
134 IP protocol constants to use as the third argument to socket(), the level
135 argument to getsockopt() or setsockopt(), or the value of the C<SO_PROTOCOL>
138 =head2 TCP_CORK, TCP_KEEPALIVE, TCP_NODELAY, ...
140 Socket option name constants for TCP socket options at the C<IPPROTO_TCP>
143 =head2 IN6ADDR_ANY, IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
145 Constants giving the special C<AF_INET6> addresses for wildcard and local
148 Normally equivalent to inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::") and
149 inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1") respectively.
151 =head2 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_MTU, IPV6_V6ONLY, ...
153 Socket option name constants for IPv6 socket options at the C<IPPROTO_IPV6>
158 # Still undocumented: SCM_*, SOMAXCONN, IOV_MAX, UIO_MAXIOV
160 =head1 STRUCTURE MANIPULATORS
162 The following functions convert between lists of Perl values and packed binary
163 strings representing structures.
167 =head2 $family = sockaddr_family $sockaddr
169 Takes a packed socket address (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
170 pack_sockaddr_un() or the perl builtin functions getsockname() and
171 getpeername()). Returns the address family tag. This will be one of the
172 C<AF_*> constants, such as C<AF_INET> for a C<sockaddr_in> addresses or
173 C<AF_UNIX> for a C<sockaddr_un>. It can be used to figure out what unpack to
174 use for a sockaddr of unknown type.
176 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
178 Takes two arguments, a port number and an opaque string (as returned by
179 inet_aton(), or a v-string). Returns the C<sockaddr_in> structure with those
180 arguments packed in and C<AF_INET> filled in. For Internet domain sockets,
181 this structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(),
182 connect(), and send().
184 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = unpack_sockaddr_in $sockaddr
186 Takes a C<sockaddr_in> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_in(),
187 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of two elements: the port and an
188 opaque string representing the IP address (you can use inet_ntoa() to convert
189 the address to the four-dotted numeric format). Will croak if the structure
190 does not represent an C<AF_INET> address.
192 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
194 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in $port, $ip_address
196 =head2 ($port, $ip_address) = sockaddr_in $sockaddr
198 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in(). In list context,
199 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the port and IP address.
200 In scalar context, packs its port and IP address arguments as a C<sockaddr_in>
203 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
204 pack_sockaddr_in() or unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.
206 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
208 Takes two to four arguments, a port number, an opaque string (as returned by
209 inet_pton()), optionally a scope ID number, and optionally a flow label
210 number. Returns the C<sockaddr_in6> structure with those arguments packed in
211 and C<AF_INET6> filled in. IPv6 equivalent of pack_sockaddr_in().
213 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = unpack_sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
215 Takes a C<sockaddr_in6> structure. Returns a list of four elements: the port
216 number, an opaque string representing the IPv6 address, the scope ID, and the
217 flow label. (You can use inet_ntop() to convert the address to the usual
218 string format). Will croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_INET6>
221 In scalar context will return just the IP address.
223 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_in6 $port, $ip6_address, [$scope_id, [$flowinfo]]
225 =head2 ($port, $ip6_address, $scope_id, $flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6 $sockaddr
227 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In list context,
228 unpacks its argument according to unpack_sockaddr_in6(). In scalar context,
229 packs its arguments according to pack_sockaddr_in6().
231 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
232 pack_sockaddr_in6() or unpack_sockaddr_in6() explicitly.
234 =head2 $sockaddr = pack_sockaddr_un $path
236 Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the C<sockaddr_un> structure with that
237 path packed in with C<AF_UNIX> filled in. For C<PF_UNIX> sockets, this
238 structure is normally what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
241 =head2 ($path) = unpack_sockaddr_un $sockaddr
243 Takes a C<sockaddr_un> structure (as returned by pack_sockaddr_un(),
244 getpeername() or recv()). Returns a list of one element: the pathname. Will
245 croak if the structure does not represent an C<AF_UNIX> address.
247 =head2 $sockaddr = sockaddr_un $path
249 =head2 ($path) = sockaddr_un $sockaddr
251 A wrapper of pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un(). In a list context,
252 unpacks its argument and returns a list consisting of the pathname. In a
253 scalar context, packs its pathname as a C<sockaddr_un> and returns it.
255 Provided largely for legacy compatibility; it is better to use
256 pack_sockaddr_un() or unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
258 These are only supported if your system has E<lt>F<sys/un.h>E<gt>.
260 =head2 $ip_mreq = pack_ip_mreq $multiaddr, $interface
262 Takes an IPv4 multicast address and optionally an interface address (or
263 C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq> structure with those arguments packed
264 in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP>
267 =head2 ($multiaddr, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq $ip_mreq
269 Takes an C<ip_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv4
270 multicast address and interface address.
272 =head2 $ip_mreq_source = pack_ip_mreq_source $multiaddr, $source, $interface
274 Takes an IPv4 multicast address, source address, and optionally an interface
275 address (or C<INADDR_ANY>). Returns the C<ip_mreq_source> structure with those
276 arguments packed in. Suitable for use with the C<IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP>
277 and C<IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
279 =head2 ($multiaddr, $source, $interface) = unpack_ip_mreq_source $ip_mreq
281 Takes an C<ip_mreq_source> structure. Returns a list of three elements; the
282 IPv4 multicast address, source address and interface address.
284 =head2 $ipv6_mreq = pack_ipv6_mreq $multiaddr6, $ifindex
286 Takes an IPv6 multicast address and an interface number. Returns the
287 C<ipv6_mreq> structure with those arguments packed in. Suitable for use with
288 the C<IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP> and C<IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP> sockopts.
290 =head2 ($multiaddr6, $ifindex) = unpack_ipv6_mreq $ipv6_mreq
292 Takes an C<ipv6_mreq> structure. Returns a list of two elements; the IPv6
293 address and an interface number.
301 =head2 $ip_address = inet_aton $string
303 Takes a string giving the name of a host, or a textual representation of an IP
304 address and translates that to an packed binary address structure suitable to
305 pass to pack_sockaddr_in(). If passed a hostname that cannot be resolved,
306 returns C<undef>. For multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
307 the first address found is returned.
309 For portability do not assume that the result of inet_aton() is 32 bits wide,
310 in other words, that it would contain only the IPv4 address in network order.
312 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
313 code should use getaddrinfo() or inet_pton() instead for IPv6 support.
315 =head2 $string = inet_ntoa $ip_address
317 Takes a packed binary address structure such as returned by
318 unpack_sockaddr_in() (or a v-string representing the four octets of the IPv4
319 address in network order) and translates it into a string of the form
320 C<d.d.d.d> where the C<d>s are numbers less than 256 (the normal
321 human-readable four dotted number notation for Internet addresses).
323 This IPv4-only function is provided largely for legacy reasons. Newly-written
324 code should use getnameinfo() or inet_ntop() instead for IPv6 support.
326 =head2 $address = inet_pton $family, $string
328 Takes an address family (such as C<AF_INET> or C<AF_INET6>) and a string
329 containing a textual representation of an address in that family and
330 translates that to an packed binary address structure.
332 See also getaddrinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to look up
333 socket addresses given hostnames or textual addresses.
335 =head2 $string = inet_ntop $family, $address
337 Takes an address family and a packed binary address structure and translates
338 it into a human-readable textual representation of the address; typically in
339 C<d.d.d.d> form for C<AF_INET> or C<hhhh:hhhh::hhhh> form for C<AF_INET6>.
341 See also getnameinfo() for a more powerful and flexible function to turn
342 socket addresses into human-readable textual representations.
344 =head2 ($err, @result) = getaddrinfo $host, $service, [$hints]
346 Given both a hostname and service name, this function attempts to resolve the
347 host name into a list of network addresses, and the service name into a
348 protocol and port number, and then returns a list of address structures
349 suitable to connect() to it.
351 Given just a host name, this function attempts to resolve it to a list of
352 network addresses, and then returns a list of address structures giving these
355 Given just a service name, this function attempts to resolve it to a protocol
356 and port number, and then returns a list of address structures that represent
357 it suitable to bind() to. This use should be combined with the C<AI_PASSIVE>
360 Given neither name, it generates an error.
362 If present, $hints should be a reference to a hash, where the following keys
369 A bitfield containing C<AI_*> constants; see below.
373 Restrict to only generating addresses in this address family
375 =item socktype => INT
377 Restrict to only generating addresses of this socket type
379 =item protocol => INT
381 Restrict to only generating addresses for this protocol
385 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error indication,
386 followed by a list of address structures (if no error occurred).
388 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
389 or printable as a human-readable error message string. If no error occurred it
390 will be zero numerically and an empty string.
392 Each value in the results list will be a hash reference containing the following
399 The address family (e.g. C<AF_INET>)
401 =item socktype => INT
403 The socket type (e.g. C<SOCK_STREAM>)
405 =item protocol => INT
407 The protocol (e.g. C<IPPROTO_TCP>)
411 The address in a packed string (such as would be returned by
414 =item canonname => STRING
416 The canonical name for the host if the C<AI_CANONNAME> flag was provided, or
417 C<undef> otherwise. This field will only be present on the first returned
422 The following flag constants are recognised in the $hints hash. Other flag
423 constants may exist as provided by the OS.
429 Indicates that this resolution is for a local bind() for a passive (i.e.
430 listening) socket, rather than an active (i.e. connecting) socket.
434 Indicates that the caller wishes the canonical hostname (C<canonname>) field
435 of the result to be filled in.
439 Indicates that the caller will pass a numeric address, rather than a hostname,
440 and that getaddrinfo() must not perform a resolve operation on this name. This
441 flag will prevent a possibly-slow network lookup operation, and instead return
442 an error if a hostname is passed.
446 =head2 ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo $sockaddr, [$flags, [$xflags]]
448 Given a packed socket address (such as from getsockname(), getpeername(), or
449 returned by getaddrinfo() in a C<addr> field), returns the hostname and
450 symbolic service name it represents. $flags may be a bitmask of C<NI_*>
451 constants, or defaults to 0 if unspecified.
453 The return value will be a list; the first value being an error condition,
454 followed by the hostname and service name.
456 The error value will be a dualvar; comparable to the C<EI_*> error constants,
457 or printable as a human-readable error message string. The host and service
458 names will be plain strings.
460 The following flag constants are recognised as $flags. Other flag constants may
461 exist as provided by the OS.
467 Requests that a human-readable string representation of the numeric address be
468 returned directly, rather than performing a name resolve operation that may
469 convert it into a hostname. This will also avoid potentially-blocking network
474 Requests that the port number be returned directly as a number representation
475 rather than performing a name resolve operation that may convert it into a
480 If a name resolve operation fails to provide a name, then this flag will cause
481 getnameinfo() to indicate an error, rather than returning the numeric
482 representation as a human-readable string.
486 Indicates that the socket address relates to a C<SOCK_DGRAM> socket, for the
487 services whose name differs between TCP and UDP protocols.
491 The following constants may be supplied as $xflags.
497 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the hostname of the result, so
498 it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the hostname.
502 Indicates that the caller is not interested in the service name of the result,
503 so it does not have to be converted. C<undef> will be returned as the service
508 =head1 getaddrinfo() / getnameinfo() ERROR CONSTANTS
510 The following constants may be returned by getaddrinfo() or getnameinfo().
511 Others may be provided by the OS.
517 A temporary failure occurred during name resolution. The operation may be
518 successful if it is retried later.
522 The value of the C<flags> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the $flags parameter to
523 getnameinfo() contains unrecognised flags.
527 The C<family> hint to getaddrinfo(), or the family of the socket address
528 passed to getnameinfo() is not supported.
532 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() did not provide any usable address
537 The host name supplied to getaddrinfo() does not exist, or the address
538 supplied to getnameinfo() is not associated with a host name and the
539 C<NI_NAMEREQD> flag was supplied.
543 The service name supplied to getaddrinfo() is not available for the socket
544 type given in the $hints.
552 =head2 Lookup for connect()
554 The getaddrinfo() function converts a hostname and a service name into a list
555 of structures, each containing a potential way to connect() to the named
556 service on the named host.
559 use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM getaddrinfo);
561 my %hints = (socktype => SOCK_STREAM);
562 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo("localhost", "echo", \%hints);
563 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
567 foreach my $ai (@res) {
568 my $candidate = IO::Socket->new();
570 $candidate->socket($ai->{family}, $ai->{socktype}, $ai->{protocol})
573 $candidate->connect($ai->{addr})
580 die "Cannot connect to localhost:echo" unless $sock;
582 $sock->print("Hello, world!\n");
585 Because a list of potential candidates is returned, the C<while> loop tries
586 each in turn until it finds one that succeeds both the socket() and connect()
589 This function performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname(),
590 getservbyname(), inet_aton() and pack_sockaddr_in().
592 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
594 =head2 Making a human-readable string out of an address
596 The getnameinfo() function converts a socket address, such as returned by
597 getsockname() or getpeername(), into a pair of human-readable strings
598 representing the address and service name.
601 use Socket qw(getnameinfo);
603 my $server = IO::Socket::IP->new(LocalPort => 12345, Listen => 1) or
604 die "Cannot listen - $@";
606 my $socket = $server->accept or die "accept: $!";
608 my ($err, $hostname, $servicename) = getnameinfo($socket->peername);
609 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
611 print "The peer is connected from $hostname\n";
613 Since in this example only the hostname was used, the redundant conversion of
614 the port number into a service name may be omitted by passing the
617 use Socket qw(getnameinfo NIx_NOSERV);
619 my ($err, $hostname) = getnameinfo($socket->peername, 0, NIx_NOSERV);
621 This function performs the work of the legacy functions unpack_sockaddr_in(),
622 inet_ntoa(), gethostbyaddr() and getservbyport().
624 In practice this logic is better performed by L<IO::Socket::IP>.
626 =head2 Resolving hostnames into IP addresses
628 To turn a hostname into a human-readable plain IP address use getaddrinfo()
629 to turn the hostname into a list of socket structures, then getnameinfo() on
630 each one to make it a readable IP address again.
632 use Socket qw(:addrinfo SOCK_RAW);
634 my ($err, @res) = getaddrinfo($hostname, "", {socktype => SOCK_RAW});
635 die "Cannot getaddrinfo - $err" if $err;
637 while( my $ai = shift @res ) {
638 my ($err, $ipaddr) = getnameinfo($ai->{addr}, NI_NUMERICHOST, NIx_NOSERV);
639 die "Cannot getnameinfo - $err" if $err;
644 The C<socktype> hint to getaddrinfo() filters the results to only include one
645 socket type and protocol. Without this most OSes return three combinations,
646 for C<SOCK_STREAM>, C<SOCK_DGRAM> and C<SOCK_RAW>, resulting in triplicate
647 output of addresses. The C<NI_NUMERICHOST> flag to getnameinfo() causes it to
648 return a string-formatted plain IP address, rather than reverse resolving it
649 back into a hostname.
651 This combination performs the work of the legacy functions gethostbyname()
654 =head2 Accessing socket options
656 The many C<SO_*> and other constants provide the socket option names for
657 getsockopt() and setsockopt().
659 use IO::Socket::INET;
660 use Socket qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_RCVBUF IPPROTO_IP IP_TTL);
662 my $socket = IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort => 0, Proto => 'udp')
663 or die "Cannot create socket: $@";
665 $socket->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 64*1024) or
666 die "setsockopt: $!";
668 print "Receive buffer is ", $socket->getsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF),
671 print "IP TTL is ", $socket->getsockopt(IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL), "\n";
673 As a convenience, L<IO::Socket>'s setsockopt() method will convert a number
674 into a packed byte buffer, and getsockopt() will unpack a byte buffer of the
675 correct size back into a number.
681 This module was originally maintained in Perl core by the Perl 5 Porters.
683 It was extracted to dual-life on CPAN at version 1.95 by
684 Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
689 use warnings::register;
693 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
695 # <@Nicholas> you can't change @EXPORT without breaking the implicit API
696 # Please put any new constants in @EXPORT_OK!
698 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
699 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
701 PF_802 PF_AAL PF_APPLETALK PF_CCITT PF_CHAOS PF_CTF PF_DATAKIT
702 PF_DECnet PF_DLI PF_ECMA PF_GOSIP PF_HYLINK PF_IMPLINK PF_INET PF_INET6
703 PF_ISO PF_KEY PF_LAST PF_LAT PF_LINK PF_MAX PF_NBS PF_NIT PF_NS PF_OSI
704 PF_OSINET PF_PUP PF_ROUTE PF_SNA PF_UNIX PF_UNSPEC PF_USER PF_WAN
707 AF_802 AF_AAL AF_APPLETALK AF_CCITT AF_CHAOS AF_CTF AF_DATAKIT
708 AF_DECnet AF_DLI AF_ECMA AF_GOSIP AF_HYLINK AF_IMPLINK AF_INET AF_INET6
709 AF_ISO AF_KEY AF_LAST AF_LAT AF_LINK AF_MAX AF_NBS AF_NIT AF_NS AF_OSI
710 AF_OSINET AF_PUP AF_ROUTE AF_SNA AF_UNIX AF_UNSPEC AF_USER AF_WAN
713 SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_RAW SOCK_RDM SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_STREAM
717 SO_ACCEPTCONN SO_ATTACH_FILTER SO_BACKLOG SO_BROADCAST SO_CHAMELEON
718 SO_DEBUG SO_DETACH_FILTER SO_DGRAM_ERRIND SO_DOMAIN SO_DONTLINGER
719 SO_DONTROUTE SO_ERROR SO_FAMILY SO_KEEPALIVE SO_LINGER SO_OOBINLINE
720 SO_PASSCRED SO_PASSIFNAME SO_PEERCRED SO_PROTOCOL SO_PROTOTYPE
721 SO_RCVBUF SO_RCVLOWAT SO_RCVTIMEO SO_REUSEADDR SO_REUSEPORT
722 SO_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_NETWORK
723 SO_SECURITY_ENCRYPTION_TRANSPORT SO_SNDBUF SO_SNDLOWAT SO_SNDTIMEO
724 SO_STATE SO_TYPE SO_USELOOPBACK SO_XOPEN SO_XSE
726 IP_OPTIONS IP_HDRINCL IP_TOS IP_TTL IP_RECVOPTS IP_RECVRETOPTS
729 MSG_BCAST MSG_BTAG MSG_CTLFLAGS MSG_CTLIGNORE MSG_CTRUNC MSG_DONTROUTE
730 MSG_DONTWAIT MSG_EOF MSG_EOR MSG_ERRQUEUE MSG_ETAG MSG_FIN
731 MSG_MAXIOVLEN MSG_MCAST MSG_NOSIGNAL MSG_OOB MSG_PEEK MSG_PROXY MSG_RST
732 MSG_SYN MSG_TRUNC MSG_URG MSG_WAITALL MSG_WIRE
734 SHUT_RD SHUT_RDWR SHUT_WR
736 INADDR_ANY INADDR_BROADCAST INADDR_LOOPBACK INADDR_NONE
738 SCM_CONNECT SCM_CREDENTIALS SCM_CREDS SCM_RIGHTS SCM_TIMESTAMP
746 pack_sockaddr_in unpack_sockaddr_in sockaddr_in
747 pack_sockaddr_in6 unpack_sockaddr_in6 sockaddr_in6
748 pack_sockaddr_un unpack_sockaddr_un sockaddr_un
753 # List re-ordered to match documentation above. Try to keep the ordering
754 # consistent so it's easier to see which ones are or aren't documented.
756 CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF
758 SOCK_NONBLOCK SOCK_CLOEXEC
760 IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP
761 IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP IP_MULTICAST_IF IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
764 IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_IGMP
765 IPPROTO_TCP IPPROTO_UDP IPPROTO_GRE IPPROTO_ESP IPPROTO_AH
768 IPTOS_LOWDELAY IPTOS_THROUGHPUT IPTOS_RELIABILITY IPTOS_MINCOST
770 TCP_CONGESTION TCP_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT TCP_CORK TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT TCP_INFO
771 TCP_INIT_CWND TCP_KEEPALIVE TCP_KEEPCNT TCP_KEEPIDLE TCP_KEEPINTVL
772 TCP_LINGER2 TCP_MAXRT TCP_MAXSEG TCP_MD5SIG TCP_NODELAY TCP_NOOPT
773 TCP_NOPUSH TCP_QUICKACK TCP_SACK_ENABLE TCP_STDURG TCP_SYNCNT
776 IN6ADDR_ANY IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK
778 IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP IPV6_JOIN_GROUP
779 IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP IPV6_MTU IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS
780 IPV6_MULTICAST_IF IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS IPV6_V6ONLY
782 pack_ip_mreq unpack_ip_mreq pack_ip_mreq_source unpack_ip_mreq_source
784 pack_ipv6_mreq unpack_ipv6_mreq
788 getaddrinfo getnameinfo
790 AI_ADDRCONFIG AI_ALL AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME AI_IDN
791 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES AI_NUMERICHOST
792 AI_NUMERICSERV AI_PASSIVE AI_V4MAPPED
794 NI_DGRAM NI_IDN NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
795 NI_NAMEREQD NI_NOFQDN NI_NUMERICHOST NI_NUMERICSERV
797 NIx_NOHOST NIx_NOSERV
799 EAI_ADDRFAMILY EAI_AGAIN EAI_BADFLAGS EAI_BADHINTS EAI_FAIL EAI_FAMILY
800 EAI_NODATA EAI_NONAME EAI_PROTOCOL EAI_SERVICE EAI_SOCKTYPE EAI_SYSTEM
804 crlf => [qw(CR LF CRLF $CR $LF $CRLF)],
805 addrinfo => [qw(getaddrinfo getnameinfo), grep m/^(?:AI|NI|NIx|EAI)_/, @EXPORT_OK],
806 all => [@EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK],
812 sub CRLF () {"\015\012"}
814 # These are not gni() constants; they're extensions for the perl API
815 # The definitions in Socket.pm and Socket.xs must match
816 sub NIx_NOHOST() {1 << 0}
817 sub NIx_NOSERV() {1 << 1}
825 if (@_ == 6 && !wantarray) { # perl5.001m compat; use this && die
826 my($af, $port, @quad) = @_;
827 warnings::warn "6-ARG sockaddr_in call is deprecated"
828 if warnings::enabled();
829 pack_sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton(join('.', @quad)));
830 } elsif (wantarray) {
831 croak "usage: (port,iaddr) = sockaddr_in(sin_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
832 unpack_sockaddr_in(@_);
834 croak "usage: sin_sv = sockaddr_in(port,iaddr))" unless @_ == 2;
835 pack_sockaddr_in(@_);
841 croak "usage: (port,in6addr,scope_id,flowinfo) = sockaddr_in6(sin6_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
842 unpack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
845 croak "usage: sin6_sv = sockaddr_in6(port,in6addr,[scope_id,[flowinfo]])" unless @_ >= 2 and @_ <= 4;
846 pack_sockaddr_in6(@_);
852 croak "usage: (filename) = sockaddr_un(sun_sv)" unless @_ == 1;
853 unpack_sockaddr_un(@_);
855 croak "usage: sun_sv = sockaddr_un(filename)" unless @_ == 1;
856 pack_sockaddr_un(@_);
860 XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
864 if( defined &getaddrinfo ) {
865 # These are not part of the API, nothing uses them, and deleting them
866 # reduces the size of %Socket:: by about 12K
867 delete $Socket::{fake_getaddrinfo};
868 delete $Socket::{fake_getnameinfo};
870 require Scalar::Util;
872 *getaddrinfo = \&fake_getaddrinfo;
873 *getnameinfo = \&fake_getnameinfo;
875 # These numbers borrowed from GNU libc's implementation, but since
876 # they're only used by our emulation, it doesn't matter if the real
877 # platform's values differ
885 # RFC 2553 doesn't define this but Linux does - lets be nice and
886 # provide it since we can
887 AI_NUMERICSERV => 1024,
901 # Constants we don't support. Export them, but croak if anyone tries to
905 AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 256,
906 AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 512,
908 NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED => 64,
909 NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES => 128,
911 # Error constants we'll never return, so it doesn't matter what value
912 # these have, nor that we don't provide strings for them
914 EAI_BADHINTS => -1000,
915 EAI_PROTOCOL => -1001
918 foreach my $name ( keys %constants ) {
919 my $value = $constants{$name};
922 defined &$name or *$name = sub () { $value };
926 # These strings from RFC 2553
927 EAI_BADFLAGS() => "invalid value for ai_flags",
928 EAI_NONAME() => "nodename nor servname provided, or not known",
929 EAI_NODATA() => "no address associated with nodename",
930 EAI_FAMILY() => "ai_family not supported",
931 EAI_SERVICE() => "servname not supported for ai_socktype",
935 # The following functions are used if the system does not have a
936 # getaddrinfo(3) function in libc; and are used to emulate it for the AF_INET
939 # Borrowed from Regexp::Common::net
940 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL = qr/25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}/;
941 my $REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD = qr/$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL\.$REGEXP_IPv4_DECIMAL/;
946 my $errstr = $errno == 0 ? "" : ( $errstr{$errno} || $errno );
947 return Scalar::Util::dualvar( $errno, $errstr );
952 my ( $node, $service, $hints ) = @_;
954 $node = "" unless defined $node;
956 $service = "" unless defined $service;
958 my ( $family, $socktype, $protocol, $flags ) = @$hints{qw( family socktype protocol flags )};
960 $family ||= Socket::AF_INET(); # 0 == AF_UNSPEC, which we want too
961 $family == Socket::AF_INET() or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
969 my $flag_passive = $flags & AI_PASSIVE(); $flags &= ~AI_PASSIVE();
970 my $flag_canonname = $flags & AI_CANONNAME(); $flags &= ~AI_CANONNAME();
971 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & AI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICHOST();
972 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & AI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~AI_NUMERICSERV();
974 # These constants don't apply to AF_INET-only lookups, so we might as well
975 # just ignore them. For AI_ADDRCONFIG we just presume the host has ability
976 # to talk AF_INET. If not we'd have to return no addresses at all. :)
977 $flags &= ~(AI_V4MAPPED()|AI_ALL()|AI_ADDRCONFIG());
979 $flags & (AI_IDN()|AI_CANONIDN()|AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
980 croak "Socket::getaddrinfo() does not support IDN";
982 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
984 $node eq "" and $service eq "" and return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
989 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numerichost and $node !~ m/^$REGEXP_IPv4_DOTTEDQUAD$/ );
990 ( $canonname, undef, undef, undef, @addrs ) = gethostbyname( $node );
991 defined $canonname or return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() );
993 undef $canonname unless $flag_canonname;
996 $addrs[0] = $flag_passive ? Socket::inet_aton( "0.0.0.0" )
997 : Socket::inet_aton( "127.0.0.1" );
1000 my @ports; # Actually ARRAYrefs of [ socktype, protocol, port ]
1003 $protname = eval { getprotobynumber( $protocol ) };
1006 if( $service ne "" and $service !~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1007 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if( $flag_numericserv );
1008 getservbyname( $service, $protname ) or return fake_makeerr( EAI_SERVICE() );
1011 foreach my $this_socktype ( Socket::SOCK_STREAM(), Socket::SOCK_DGRAM(), Socket::SOCK_RAW() ) {
1012 next if $socktype and $this_socktype != $socktype;
1014 my $this_protname = "raw";
1015 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_STREAM() and $this_protname = "tcp";
1016 $this_socktype == Socket::SOCK_DGRAM() and $this_protname = "udp";
1018 next if $protname and $this_protname ne $protname;
1021 if( $service ne "" ) {
1022 if( $service =~ m/^\d+$/ ) {
1026 ( undef, undef, $port, $this_protname ) = getservbyname( $service, $this_protname );
1027 next unless defined $port;
1034 push @ports, [ $this_socktype, eval { scalar getprotobyname( $this_protname ) } || 0, $port ];
1038 foreach my $addr ( @addrs ) {
1039 foreach my $portspec ( @ports ) {
1040 my ( $socktype, $protocol, $port ) = @$portspec;
1043 socktype => $socktype,
1044 protocol => $protocol,
1045 addr => Socket::pack_sockaddr_in( $port, $addr ),
1051 # Only supply canonname for the first result
1052 if( defined $canonname ) {
1053 $ret[0]->{canonname} = $canonname;
1056 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), @ret );
1059 sub fake_getnameinfo
1061 my ( $addr, $flags, $xflags ) = @_;
1063 my ( $port, $inetaddr );
1064 eval { ( $port, $inetaddr ) = Socket::unpack_sockaddr_in( $addr ) }
1065 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_FAMILY() );
1067 my $family = Socket::AF_INET();
1071 my $flag_numerichost = $flags & NI_NUMERICHOST(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICHOST();
1072 my $flag_numericserv = $flags & NI_NUMERICSERV(); $flags &= ~NI_NUMERICSERV();
1073 my $flag_nofqdn = $flags & NI_NOFQDN(); $flags &= ~NI_NOFQDN();
1074 my $flag_namereqd = $flags & NI_NAMEREQD(); $flags &= ~NI_NAMEREQD();
1075 my $flag_dgram = $flags & NI_DGRAM() ; $flags &= ~NI_DGRAM();
1077 $flags & (NI_IDN()|NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED()|NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES()) and
1078 croak "Socket::getnameinfo() does not support IDN";
1080 $flags == 0 or return fake_makeerr( EAI_BADFLAGS() );
1085 if( $xflags & NIx_NOHOST ) {
1088 elsif( $flag_numerichost ) {
1089 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1092 $node = gethostbyaddr( $inetaddr, $family );
1093 if( !defined $node ) {
1094 return fake_makeerr( EAI_NONAME() ) if $flag_namereqd;
1095 $node = Socket::inet_ntoa( $inetaddr );
1097 elsif( $flag_nofqdn ) {
1098 my ( $shortname ) = split m/\./, $node;
1099 my ( $fqdn ) = gethostbyname $shortname;
1100 $node = $shortname if defined $fqdn and $fqdn eq $node;
1105 if( $xflags & NIx_NOSERV ) {
1108 elsif( $flag_numericserv ) {
1112 my $protname = $flag_dgram ? "udp" : "";
1113 $service = getservbyport( $port, $protname );
1114 if( !defined $service ) {
1119 return ( fake_makeerr( 0 ), $node, $service );