perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start grammar
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <ival> GRAMPROG GRAMFULLSTMT
  73
  74 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  75
  76 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF QWLIST
  77 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  78 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
  79 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  80 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  81 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  82 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  83 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  84 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  85 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  86 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  87 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  88 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  89
  90 %type <i_tkval> lpar_or_qw
  91
  92 %type <ival> grammar prog progstart remember mremember
  93 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  94 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  95 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  96
  97 %type <opval> fullstmt decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  98 %type <opval> block package_block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  99 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
 100 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
 101 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
 102 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
 103 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 104 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 105 %type <opval> switch case
 106 %type <p_tkval> label
 107
 108 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 109 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 110
 111 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 112 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 113 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 114 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 115 %left <i_tkval> ','
 116 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 117 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 118 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 119 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 120 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 121 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 122 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 123 %nonassoc EQOP
 124 %nonassoc RELOP
 125 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 126 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 127 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 128 %left ADDOP
 129 %left MULOP
 130 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 131 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 132 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 133 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 134 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 135 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 136 %left <i_tkval> '('
 137 %left '[' '{'
 138
 139 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 140
 141 %% /* RULES */
 142
 143 /* Top-level choice of what kind of thing yyparse was called to parse */
 144 grammar :       GRAMPROG prog
 145                         { $$ = $2; }
 146         |       GRAMFULLSTMT fullstmt
 147                         {
 148                           PL_eval_root = $2;
 149                           $$ = 0;
 150                           yyunlex();
 151                           parser->yychar = YYEOF;
 152                         }
 153         ;
 154
 155 /* The whole program */
 156 prog    :       progstart
 157         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 158                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 159         ;
 160
 161 /* An ordinary block */
 162 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 163                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 164                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 165                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 166                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 167                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 168                         }
 169         ;
 170
 171 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 172                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 173         ;
 174
 175 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 176                         { $$ = (I32) Perl_allocmy(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("$_"), 0); }
 177         ;
 178
 179 progstart:
 180                 {
 181                     PL_parser->expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 182                 }
 183         ;
 184
 185
 186 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 187                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 188                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 189                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 190                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 191                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 192                         }
 193         ;
 194
 195 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 196                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 197         ;
 198
 199 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 200 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 201                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 202         |       lineseq decl
 203                         {
 204                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 205                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 206                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 207                                 $1);
 208                         }
 209         |       lineseq line
 210                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 211                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
 212                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 213                             if ($1 && $2)
 214                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 215                         }
 216         ;
 217
 218 /* A statement, or "line", in the program */
 219 fullstmt:       decl
 220                         { $$ = $1; }
 221         |       line
 222                         {
 223                           PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 224                           $$ = $1;
 225                         }
 226         ;
 227
 228 /* A non-declaration statement */
 229 line    :       label cond
 230                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 231                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 232         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 233         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 234                         { $$ = $1; }
 235         |       label case
 236                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 237         |       label ';'
 238                         {
 239                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 240                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 241                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 242                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 243                           }
 244                           else {
 245                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 246                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 247                                         (OP*)NULL);
 248                               PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 249                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 250                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 251                           }
 252                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 253                         }
 254         |       label sideff ';'
 255                         {
 256                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 257                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 258                           DO_MAD({
 259                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 260                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 261                               if (op) {
 262                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 263                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 264                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 265                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 266                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 267                               }
 268                           })
 269                         }
 270         |       package_block
 271                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
 272                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 273                                             NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $1,
 274                                             (OP*)NULL, 0)); }
 275         |       label PLUGSTMT
 276                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 277         ;
 278
 279 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 280 sideff  :       error
 281                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 282         |       expr
 283                         { $$ = $1; }
 284         |       expr IF expr
 285                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 286                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 287                         }
 288         |       expr UNLESS expr
 289                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 290                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 291                         }
 292         |       expr WHILE expr
 293                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 294                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 295                         }
 296         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 297                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 298                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 299                         }
 300         |       expr FOR expr
 301                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 302                                         (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 303                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 304                         }
 305         |       expr WHEN expr
 306                         { $$ = newWHENOP($3, scope($1)); }
 307         ;
 308
 309 /* else and elsif blocks */
 310 else    :       /* NULL */
 311                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 312         |       ELSE mblock
 313                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 314                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 315                         }
 316         |       ELSIF lpar_or_qw mexpr ')' mblock else
 317                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 318                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3), scope($5), $6);
 319                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 320                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 321                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 322                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 323                         }
 324         ;
 325
 326 /* Real conditional expressions */
 327 cond    :       IF lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 328                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 329                             $$ = block_end($3,
 330                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 331                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 332                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 333                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 334                         }
 335         |       UNLESS lpar_or_qw remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 336                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 337                             $$ = block_end($3,
 338                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 339                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 340                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 341                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 342                         }
 343         ;
 344
 345 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 346 case    :       WHEN lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock
 347         { $$ = block_end($3,
 348                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 349         |       DEFAULT block
 350         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 351         ;
 352
 353 /* Continue blocks */
 354 cont    :       /* NULL */
 355                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 356         |       CONTINUE block
 357                         { $$ = scope($2);
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 359                         }
 360         ;
 361
 362 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 363 loop    :       label WHILE lpar_or_qw remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 364                         { OP *innerop;
 365                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 366                             $$ = block_end($4,
 367                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 368                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 369                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 370                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 371                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 372                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 373                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 374                         }
 375
 376         |       label UNTIL lpar_or_qw remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 377                         { OP *innerop;
 378                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 379                             $$ = block_end($4,
 380                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 381                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 382                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 383                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 384                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 385                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 386                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 387                         }
 388         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar lpar_or_qw mexpr ')' mblock cont
 389                         { OP *innerop;
 390                           $$ = block_end($4,
 391                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 392                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 393                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 394                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 395                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 396                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 397                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 398                         }
 399         |       label FOR scalar lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 400                         { OP *innerop;
 401                           $$ = block_end($5,
 402                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 403                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 404                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 405                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 406                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 407                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 408                         }
 409         |       label FOR lpar_or_qw remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 410                         { OP *innerop;
 411                           $$ = block_end($4,
 412                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 413                                                     (OP*)NULL, $5, $7, $8));
 414                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 415                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 416                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 417                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 418                         }
 419         |       label FOR lpar_or_qw remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 420                     mblock
 421                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 422                         { OP *forop;
 423                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 424                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 425                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 426                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 427                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 428 #ifdef MAD
 429                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 430                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 431                                            CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
 432                                            ($5 ? $5 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0)) ),
 433                                 forop));
 434
 435                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 436                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 437                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 438                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 439                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 440                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 441 #else
 442                           if ($5) {
 443                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 444                                         newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
 445                                         forop);
 446                           }
 447
 448
 449 #endif
 450                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 451         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 452                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 453                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 454                                             NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $2, $3, 0));
 455                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 456         ;
 457
 458 /* Switch blocks */
 459 switch  :       label GIVEN lpar_or_qw remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 460                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t) IVAL($2);
 461                             $$ = block_end($4,
 462                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 463                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 464                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 465         ;
 466
 467 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 468 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 469                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 470                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 471                           intro_my(); }
 472
 473 /* Normal expression */
 474 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 475                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 476         |       sideff
 477         ;
 478
 479 /* Boolean expression */
 480 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 481                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 482                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 483                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 484         |       expr
 485         ;
 486
 487 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 488 iexpr   :       expr
 489                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 490         ;
 491
 492 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 493 mexpr   :       expr
 494                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 495         ;
 496
 497 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 498                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 499         ;
 500
 501 miexpr  :       iexpr
 502                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 503         ;
 504
 505 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 506 label   :       /* empty */
 507                         {
 508 #ifdef MAD
 509                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 510                           tmplval.pval = NULL;
 511                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 512 #else
 513                           $$ = NULL;
 514 #endif
 515                         }
 516         |       LABEL
 517         ;
 518
 519 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 520 decl    :       format
 521                         { $$ = $1; }
 522         |       subrout
 523                         { $$ = $1; }
 524         |       mysubrout
 525                         { $$ = $1; }
 526         |       package
 527                         { $$ = $1; }
 528         |       use
 529                         { $$ = $1; }
 530
 531     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 532
 533         |       peg
 534                         { $$ = $1; }
 535         ;
 536
 537 peg     :       PEG
 538                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 539                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 540                         }
 541         ;
 542
 543 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 544                         {
 545                           CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
 546                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 547 #ifdef MAD
 548                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 549                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 550                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 551                           token_free($1);
 552 #else
 553                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 554                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 555 #endif
 556                           if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvUNIQUE(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
 557                             SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
 558                             pad_add_anon((SV*)fmtcv, OP_NULL);
 559                           }
 560                         }
 561         ;
 562
 563 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 564         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 565         ;
 566
 567 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 568 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 569                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 570 #ifdef MAD
 571                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 572                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 573 #else
 574                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 575                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 576 #endif
 577                         }
 578         ;
 579
 580 /* Subroutine definition */
 581 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 582                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 583 #ifdef MAD
 584                           {
 585                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 586                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 587                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 588                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 589                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 590                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 591                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 592                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 593                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 594                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 595                             }
 596 #else
 597                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 598                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 599 #endif
 600                         }
 601         ;
 602
 603 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 604                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 605                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 606
 607         ;
 608
 609 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 610                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 611                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 612         ;
 613
 614 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 615                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 616                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 617         ;
 618
 619 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 620 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 621                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 622                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 623                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 624                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 625                           $$ = $1; }
 626         ;
 627
 628 /* Subroutine prototype */
 629 proto   :       /* NULL */
 630                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 631         |       THING
 632         ;
 633
 634 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 635 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 636                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 637         |       COLONATTR THING
 638                         { $$ = $2;
 639                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 640                         }
 641         |       COLONATTR
 642                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 643                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 644                                     (OP*)NULL
 645                                 );
 646                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 647                         }
 648         ;
 649
 650 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 651 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 652                         { $$ = $2;
 653                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 654                         }
 655         |       COLONATTR
 656                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 657                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 658                                     (OP*)NULL
 659                                 );
 660                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 661                         }
 662         ;
 663
 664 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 665 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 666         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 667                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 668                                     (OP*)NULL
 669                                 );
 670                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 671                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 672                         }
 673         ;
 674
 675 package :       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
 676                         {
 677 #ifdef MAD
 678                           $$ = package($3);
 679                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 680                           if ($2)
 681                               package_version($2);
 682                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 683 #else
 684                           package($3);
 685                           if ($2)
 686                               package_version($2);
 687                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 688 #endif
 689                         }
 690         ;
 691
 692 package_block:  PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
 693                         {
 694                           int save_3_latefree = $3->op_latefree;
 695                           $3->op_latefree = 1;
 696                           package($3);
 697                           $3->op_latefree = save_3_latefree;
 698                           if ($2) {
 699                               int save_2_latefree = $2->op_latefree;
 700                               $2->op_latefree = 1;
 701                               package_version($2);
 702                               $2->op_latefree = save_2_latefree;
 703                           }
 704                         }
 705                     lineseq '}'
 706                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
 707                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
 708                           $$ = block_end($5, $7);
 709                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
 710                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
 711                           op_free($3);
 712                           if ($2)
 713                               op_free($2);
 714                         }
 715         ;
 716
 717 use     :       USE startsub
 718                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 719                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 720                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 721 #ifdef MAD
 722                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 723                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 724                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 725                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 726                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 727                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
 728 #else
 729                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 730                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 731 #endif
 732                         }
 733         ;
 734
 735 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 736 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 737                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 738                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 739                         }
 740         |       expr OROP expr
 741                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 742                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 743                         }
 744         |       expr DOROP expr
 745                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 746                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 747                         }
 748         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 749         ;
 750
 751 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 752 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 753                         {
 754 #ifdef MAD
 755                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 756                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 757                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 758 #else
 759                           $$ = $1;
 760 #endif
 761                         }
 762         |       argexpr ',' term
 763                         {
 764                           OP* term = $3;
 765                           DO_MAD(
 766                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 767                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 768                           )
 769                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 770                         }
 771         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 772         ;
 773
 774 /* List operators */
 775 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 776                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 777                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 778                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 779                         }
 780         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 781                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 782                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 783                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 784                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 785                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 786                         }
 787         |       term ARROW method lpar_or_qw listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 788                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 789                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 790                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 791                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 792                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 793                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 794                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 795                         }
 796         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 797                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 798                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 799                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 800                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 801                         }
 802         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 803                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 804                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 805                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 806                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 807                         }
 808         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 809                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 810                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 811                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 812                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 813                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 814                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 815                         }
 816         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 817                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 818                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 819                         }
 820         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 821                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 822                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 823                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 824                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 825                         }
 826         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 827                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 828                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 829                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 830                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 831                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 832                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 833                         }
 834         ;
 835
 836 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 837 method  :       METHOD
 838         |       scalar
 839         ;
 840
 841 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 842 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 843                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 844                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 845                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 846                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 847                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 848                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 849                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 850                         }
 851         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 852                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 853                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 854                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 855                         }
 856         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 857                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 858                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 859                                         scalar($4));
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 861                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 862                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 863                         }
 864         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 865                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 866                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 867                                         scalar($3));
 868                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 869                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 870                         }
 871         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 872                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 873                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 874                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 875                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 876                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 877                         }
 878         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 879                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 880                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 881                                         jmaybe($4));
 882                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 883                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 884                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 885                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 886                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 887                         }
 888         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 889                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 890                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 891                                         jmaybe($3));
 892                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 893                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 894                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 895                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 896                         }
 897         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 898                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 899                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 900                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 901                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 902                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 903                         }
 904         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 905                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 906                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 907                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 908                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 909                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 910                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 911                         }
 912
 913         |       subscripted lpar_or_qw expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 914                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 915                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 916                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 917                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 918                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 919                         }
 920         |       subscripted lpar_or_qw ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 921                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 922                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 923                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 924                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 925                         }
 926         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 927                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 928                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 929                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 930                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 931                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 932                         }
 933         |       QWLIST '[' expr ']'            /* list literal slice */
 934                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $3, $1);
 935                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 936                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 937                         }
 938         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 939                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 940                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 941                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 942                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 943                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 944                         }
 945     ;
 946
 947 /* Binary operators between terms */
 948 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 949                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 950                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 951                         }
 952         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 953                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 954                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 955                         }
 956         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 957                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 958                                 scalar($1);
 959                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 960                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 961                         }
 962         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 963                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 964                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 965                         }
 966         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 967                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 968                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 969                         }
 970         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 971                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 972                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 973                         }
 974         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 975                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 976                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 977                         }
 978         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 979                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 980                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 981                         }
 982         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 983                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 984                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 985                         }
 986         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 987                         {
 988                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 989                           DO_MAD({
 990                               UNOP *op;
 991                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 992                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 993                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 994                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 995                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 996                             })
 997                         }
 998         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 999                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
1000                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1001                         }
1002         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
1003                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
1004                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1005                         }
1006         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
1007                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
1008                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1009                         }
1010         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
1011                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
1012                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
1013                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
1014                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
1015                                 '~');
1016                         }
1017     ;
1018
1019 /* Unary operators and terms */
1020 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
1021                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
1022                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1023                         }
1024         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
1025                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
1026                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
1027                                     $2
1028                                 );
1029                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
1030                         }
1031         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
1032                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1033                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1034                         }
1035         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
1036                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
1037                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1038                         }
1039         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
1040                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1041                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
1042                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1043                         }
1044         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
1045                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1046                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
1047                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1048                         }
1049         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
1050                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1051                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
1052                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1053                         }
1054         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
1055                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1056                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
1057                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1058                         }
1059
1060     ;
1061
1062 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1063 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
1064                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1065                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1067                         }
1068         |       '[' ']'
1069                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1070                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1071                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1072                         }
1073         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1074                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1075                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1076                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1077                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1078                         }
1079         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1080                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1081                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1082                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1083                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1084                         }
1085         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1086                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1087                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1088                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1089                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1090                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1091                         }
1092
1093     ;
1094
1095 /* Things called with "do" */
1096 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1097                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1098                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1099                         }
1100         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1101                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1102                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1103                         }
1104         |       DO WORD lpar_or_qw ')'                  /* do somesub() */
1105                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1106                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1107                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1108                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1109                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1110                                     scalar($2)
1111                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1112                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1113                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1114                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1115                         }
1116         |       DO WORD lpar_or_qw expr ')'             /* do somesub(@args) */
1117                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1118                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1119                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1120                                 $4,
1121                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1122                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1123                                     scalar($2)
1124                                 )))); dep();
1125                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1126                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1127                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1128                         }
1129         |       DO scalar lpar_or_qw ')'                /* do $subref () */
1130                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1131                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1132                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1133                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1134                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1135                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1136                         }
1137         |       DO scalar lpar_or_qw expr ')'           /* do $subref (@args) */
1138                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1139                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1140                                 $4,
1141                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1142                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1143                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1144                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1145                         }
1146
1147         ;
1148
1149 term    :       termbinop
1150         |       termunop
1151         |       anonymous
1152         |       termdo
1153         |       term '?' term ':' term
1154                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1155                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1156                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1157                         }
1158         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1159                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1160                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1161                         }
1162         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1163                         { $$ = $1; }
1164         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1165                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1166                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1167                         }
1168         |       '(' expr ')'
1169                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1170                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1171                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1172                         }
1173         |       QWLIST
1174                         { $$ = IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$1), $1); }
1175         |       '(' ')'
1176                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1177                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1178                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1179                         }
1180         |       scalar  %prec '('
1181                         { $$ = $1; }
1182         |       star    %prec '('
1183                         { $$ = $1; }
1184         |       hsh     %prec '('
1185                         { $$ = $1; }
1186         |       ary     %prec '('
1187                         { $$ = $1; }
1188         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1189                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1190         |       subscripted
1191                         { $$ = $1; }
1192         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1193                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1194                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1195                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1196                                         list($3),
1197                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1198                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1199                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1200                         }
1201         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1202                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1203                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1204                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1205                                         list($3),
1206                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1207                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1208                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1209                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1210                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1211                         }
1212         |       THING   %prec '('
1213                         { $$ = $1; }
1214         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1215                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1216         |       amper lpar_or_qw ')'                 /* &foo() */
1217                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1218                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1219                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1220                         }
1221         |       amper lpar_or_qw expr ')'            /* &foo(@args) */
1222                         {
1223                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1224                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1225                           DO_MAD({
1226                               OP* op = $$;
1227                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1228                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1229                               }
1230                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1231                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1232                           })
1233                         }
1234         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1235                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1236                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1237                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1238                         }
1239         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1240                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1241                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1242                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1243                         }
1244         |       LOOPEX term
1245                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1246                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1247                         }
1248         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1249                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1250                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1251                         }
1252         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1253                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1254                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1255                         }
1256         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1257                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1258                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1259                         }
1260         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1261                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1262                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1263                         }
1264         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1265                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1266                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1267                         }
1268         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1269                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1270                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1271                         }
1272         |       UNIOPSUB
1273                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1274         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1275                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1276                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1277         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1278                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1279                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1280                         }
1281         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1282                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1284                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1285                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1286                         }
1287         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1288                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1289                                 scalar($1)); }
1290         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1291                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1292                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1293                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1294
1295                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1296                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1297                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1298                         }
1299         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1300                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1303                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1304                         }
1305         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1306                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1307                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1308                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1309                         }
1310         |       WORD
1311         |       listop
1312         |       YADAYADA
1313                         {
1314                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1315                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1316                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1317                         }
1318         |       PLUGEXPR
1319         ;
1320
1321 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1322 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1323                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1324                           DO_MAD(
1325                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1326                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1327                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1328                           )
1329                         }
1330         |       MY myterm
1331                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1332                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1333                         }
1334         ;
1335
1336 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1337 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1338                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1339                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1340                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1341                         }
1342         |       '(' ')'
1343                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1344                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1345                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1346                         }
1347         |       scalar  %prec '('
1348                         { $$ = $1; }
1349         |       hsh     %prec '('
1350                         { $$ = $1; }
1351         |       ary     %prec '('
1352                         { $$ = $1; }
1353         ;
1354
1355 /* Basic list expressions */
1356 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1357                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1358         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1359                         { $$ = $1; }
1360         ;
1361
1362 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1363                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1364         |       expr
1365                         { $$ = $1; }
1366         ;
1367
1368 lpar_or_qw:     '('
1369                         { $$ = $1; }
1370         |       QWLIST
1371                         { coerce_qwlist_to_paren_list($1); }
1372                 '('
1373                         { $$ = $3; }
1374         ;
1375
1376 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1377    lexical */
1378 my_scalar:      scalar
1379                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1380         ;
1381
1382 amper   :       '&' indirob
1383                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1384                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1385                         }
1386         ;
1387
1388 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1389                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1390                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1391                         }
1392         ;
1393
1394 ary     :       '@' indirob
1395                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1396                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1397                         }
1398         ;
1399
1400 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1401                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1402                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1403                         }
1404         ;
1405
1406 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1407                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1408                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1409                         }
1410         ;
1411
1412 star    :       '*' indirob
1413                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1414                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1415                         }
1416         ;
1417
1418 /* Indirect objects */
1419 indirob :       WORD
1420                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1421         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1422                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1423         |       block
1424                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1425
1426         |       PRIVATEREF
1427                         { $$ = $1; }
1428         ;