3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * He still hopefully carried some of his gear in his pack: a small tinder-box,
13 * two small shallow pans, the smaller fitting into the larger; inside them a
14 * wooden spoon, a short two-pronged fork and some skewers were stowed; and
15 * hidden at the bottom of the pack in a flat wooden box a dwindling treasure,
18 * [p.653 of _The Lord of the Rings_, IV/iv: "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"]
21 /* This file contains pp ("push/pop") functions that
22 * execute the opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function
23 * expects to find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its
24 * results onto the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure
25 * contains a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
27 * This particular file just contains pp_pack() and pp_unpack(). See the
28 * other pp*.c files for the rest of the pp_ functions.
32 #define PERL_IN_PP_PACK_C
35 /* Types used by pack/unpack */
37 e_no_len, /* no length */
38 e_number, /* number, [] */
42 typedef struct tempsym {
43 const char* patptr; /* current template char */
44 const char* patend; /* one after last char */
45 const char* grpbeg; /* 1st char of ()-group */
46 const char* grpend; /* end of ()-group */
47 I32 code; /* template code (!<>) */
48 I32 length; /* length/repeat count */
49 howlen_t howlen; /* how length is given */
50 int level; /* () nesting level */
51 U32 flags; /* /=4, comma=2, pack=1 */
52 /* and group modifiers */
53 STRLEN strbeg; /* offset of group start */
54 struct tempsym *previous; /* previous group */
57 #define TEMPSYM_INIT(symptr, p, e, f) \
59 (symptr)->patptr = (p); \
60 (symptr)->patend = (e); \
61 (symptr)->grpbeg = NULL; \
62 (symptr)->grpend = NULL; \
63 (symptr)->grpend = NULL; \
65 (symptr)->length = 0; \
66 (symptr)->howlen = e_no_len; \
67 (symptr)->level = 0; \
68 (symptr)->flags = (f); \
69 (symptr)->strbeg = 0; \
70 (symptr)->previous = NULL; \
78 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
81 U8 bytes[sizeof(long double)];
88 /* Maximum number of bytes to which a byte can grow due to upgrade */
92 * Offset for integer pack/unpack.
94 * On architectures where I16 and I32 aren't really 16 and 32 bits,
95 * which for now are all Crays, pack and unpack have to play games.
99 * These values are required for portability of pack() output.
100 * If they're not right on your machine, then pack() and unpack()
101 * wouldn't work right anyway; you'll need to apply the Cray hack.
102 * (I'd like to check them with #if, but you can't use sizeof() in
103 * the preprocessor.) --???
106 The appropriate SHORTSIZE, INTSIZE, LONGSIZE, and LONGLONGSIZE
107 defines are now in config.h. --Andy Dougherty April 1998
112 /* CROSSCOMPILE and MULTIARCH are going to affect pp_pack() and pp_unpack().
115 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16 || U32SIZE > SIZE32
116 # if BYTEORDER == 0x1234 || BYTEORDER == 0x12345678 /* little-endian */
117 # define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p))
118 # define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p))
120 # if BYTEORDER == 0x4321 || BYTEORDER == 0x87654321 /* big-endian */
121 # define OFF16(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U16) - SIZE16))
122 # define OFF32(p) ((char*)(p) + (sizeof(U32) - SIZE32))
124 ++++ bad cray byte order
128 # define OFF16(p) ((char *) (p))
129 # define OFF32(p) ((char *) (p))
132 #define PUSH16(utf8, cur, p, needs_swap) \
133 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, OFF16(p), SIZE16, needs_swap)
134 #define PUSH32(utf8, cur, p, needs_swap) \
135 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, OFF32(p), SIZE32, needs_swap)
137 #if BYTEORDER == 0x4321 || BYTEORDER == 0x87654321 /* big-endian */
138 # define NEEDS_SWAP(d) (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(d) == TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
139 #elif BYTEORDER == 0x1234 || BYTEORDER == 0x12345678 /* little-endian */
140 # define NEEDS_SWAP(d) (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(d) == TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN)
142 # error "Unsupported byteorder"
143 /* Need to add code here to re-instate mixed endian support.
144 NEEDS_SWAP would need to hold a flag indicating which action to
145 take, and S_reverse_copy and the code in uni_to_bytes would need
146 logic adding to deal with any mixed-endian transformations needed.
150 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
151 #define SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, buf, len, datumtype, needs_swap) \
153 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) { \
154 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &s, strend, \
155 (char *) (buf), len, datumtype)) break; \
157 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap)) \
158 S_reverse_copy(s, (char *) (buf), len); \
160 Copy(s, (char *) (buf), len, char); \
165 #define SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, p, datumtype, needs_swap) \
166 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, OFF16(p), SIZE16, datumtype, needs_swap)
168 #define SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, p, datumtype, needs_swap) \
169 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, OFF32(p), SIZE32, datumtype, needs_swap)
171 #define SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, var, datumtype, needs_swap) \
172 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, &(var), sizeof(var), datumtype, needs_swap)
174 #define PUSH_VAR(utf8, aptr, var, needs_swap) \
175 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, aptr, &(var), sizeof(var), needs_swap)
177 /* Avoid stack overflow due to pathological templates. 100 should be plenty. */
178 #define MAX_SUB_TEMPLATE_LEVEL 100
180 /* flags (note that type modifiers can also be used as flags!) */
181 #define FLAG_WAS_UTF8 0x40
182 #define FLAG_PARSE_UTF8 0x20 /* Parse as utf8 */
183 #define FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE 0x10
184 #define FLAG_DO_UTF8 0x08 /* The underlying string is utf8 */
185 #define FLAG_SLASH 0x04
186 #define FLAG_COMMA 0x02
187 #define FLAG_PACK 0x01
190 S_mul128(pTHX_ SV *sv, U8 m)
193 char *s = SvPV(sv, len);
196 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MUL128;
198 if (!strnEQ(s, "0000", 4)) { /* need to grow sv */
199 SV * const tmpNew = newSVpvs("0000000000");
201 sv_catsv(tmpNew, sv);
202 SvREFCNT_dec(sv); /* free old sv */
207 while (!*t) /* trailing '\0'? */
210 const U32 i = ((*t - '0') << 7) + m;
211 *(t--) = '0' + (char)(i % 10);
217 /* Explosives and implosives. */
219 #if 'I' == 73 && 'J' == 74
220 /* On an ASCII/ISO kind of system */
221 #define ISUUCHAR(ch) ((ch) >= ' ' && (ch) < 'a')
224 Some other sort of character set - use memchr() so we don't match
227 #define ISUUCHAR(ch) (memchr(PL_uuemap, (ch), sizeof(PL_uuemap)-1) || (ch) == ' ')
231 #define TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING 0x100
232 #define TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0x200
233 #define TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN 0x400
234 #define TYPE_IS_PACK 0x800
235 #define TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK (TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN|TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
236 #define TYPE_MODIFIERS(t) ((t) & ~0xFF)
237 #define TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(t) ((t) & 0xFF)
239 # define TYPE_ENDIANNESS(t) ((t) & TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
240 # define TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(t) ((t) & ~TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
242 # define ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES "sSiIlLqQjJfFdDpP("
244 #define PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM 0x80
245 #define PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE 0x40 /* Not a fixed size element */
246 #define PACK_SIZE_MASK 0x3F
248 #include "packsizetables.c"
251 S_reverse_copy(const char *src, char *dest, STRLEN len)
259 uni_to_byte(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, I32 datumtype)
262 UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) *s, end-*s, &retlen,
263 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
264 /* We try to process malformed UTF-8 as much as possible (preferably with
265 warnings), but these two mean we make no progress in the string and
266 might enter an infinite loop */
267 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
268 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack",
269 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
271 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
272 "Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack",
273 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
280 #define SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype) ((utf8) ? \
281 uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &(s), (strend), (datumtype)) : \
285 uni_to_bytes(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, const char *buf, int buf_len, I32 datumtype)
289 const char *from = *s;
291 const U32 flags = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ?
292 UTF8_CHECK_ONLY : (UTF8_CHECK_ONLY | UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
293 const bool needs_swap = NEEDS_SWAP(datumtype);
295 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap))
298 for (;buf_len > 0; buf_len--) {
299 if (from >= end) return FALSE;
300 val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) from, end-from, &retlen, flags);
301 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) {
302 from += UTF8SKIP(from);
304 } else from += retlen;
309 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap))
310 *(U8 *)--buf = (U8)val;
312 *(U8 *)buf++ = (U8)val;
314 /* We have enough characters for the buffer. Did we have problems ? */
317 /* Rewalk the string fragment while warning */
319 const int flags = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
320 for (ptr = *s; ptr < from; ptr += UTF8SKIP(ptr)) {
321 if (ptr >= end) break;
322 utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) ptr, end-ptr, &retlen, flags);
324 if (from > end) from = end;
327 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(datumtype & TYPE_IS_PACK ?
328 WARN_PACK : WARN_UNPACK),
329 "Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in %s",
330 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype),
331 datumtype & TYPE_IS_PACK ? "pack" : "unpack");
338 next_uni_uu(pTHX_ const char **s, const char *end, I32 *out)
341 const UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) *s, end-*s, &retlen, UTF8_CHECK_ONLY);
342 if (val >= 0x100 || !ISUUCHAR(val) ||
343 retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) {
347 *out = PL_uudmap[val] & 077;
353 S_bytes_to_uni(const U8 *start, STRLEN len, char *dest, const bool needs_swap) {
354 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BYTES_TO_UNI;
356 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap)) {
357 const U8 *p = start + len;
358 while (p-- > start) {
359 append_utf8_from_native_byte(*p, (U8 **) & dest);
362 const U8 * const end = start + len;
363 while (start < end) {
364 append_utf8_from_native_byte(*start, (U8 **) & dest);
371 #define PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, buf, len, needs_swap) \
373 if (UNLIKELY(utf8)) \
374 (cur) = S_bytes_to_uni((U8 *) buf, len, (cur), needs_swap); \
376 if (UNLIKELY(needs_swap)) \
377 S_reverse_copy((char *)(buf), cur, len); \
379 Copy(buf, cur, len, char); \
384 #define GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, in_len) \
386 STRLEN glen = (in_len); \
387 if (utf8) glen *= UTF8_EXPAND; \
388 if ((cur) + glen >= (start) + SvLEN(cat)) { \
389 (start) = sv_exp_grow(cat, glen); \
390 (cur) = (start) + SvCUR(cat); \
394 #define PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur, buf, in_len) \
396 const STRLEN glen = (in_len); \
398 if (utf8) gl *= UTF8_EXPAND; \
399 if ((cur) + gl >= (start) + SvLEN(cat)) { \
401 SvCUR_set((cat), (cur) - (start)); \
402 (start) = sv_exp_grow(cat, gl); \
403 (cur) = (start) + SvCUR(cat); \
405 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, buf, glen, 0); \
408 #define PUSH_BYTE(utf8, s, byte) \
411 const U8 au8 = (byte); \
412 (s) = S_bytes_to_uni(&au8, 1, (s), 0); \
413 } else *(U8 *)(s)++ = (byte); \
416 /* Only to be used inside a loop (see the break) */
417 #define NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags) \
420 if (str >= end) break; \
421 val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) str, end-str, &retlen, utf8_flags); \
422 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0) { \
424 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack"); \
429 static const char *_action( const tempsym_t* symptr )
431 return (const char *)(( symptr->flags & FLAG_PACK ) ? "pack" : "unpack");
434 /* Returns the sizeof() struct described by pat */
436 S_measure_struct(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr)
440 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MEASURE_STRUCT;
442 while (next_symbol(symptr)) {
446 switch (symptr->howlen) {
448 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Within []-length '*' not allowed in %s",
452 /* e_no_len and e_number */
453 len = symptr->length;
457 size = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(symptr->code)] & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
460 /* endianness doesn't influence the size of a type */
461 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(symptr->code)) {
463 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in %s",
464 (int)TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(symptr->code),
466 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
467 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
471 case 'U': /* XXXX Is it correct? */
474 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Within []-length '%c' not allowed in %s",
475 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(symptr->code),
482 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
483 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
484 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
485 /* XXXX Theoretically, we need to measure many times at
486 different positions, since the subexpression may contain
487 alignment commands, but be not of aligned length.
488 Need to detect this and croak(). */
489 size = measure_struct(symptr);
493 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
494 /* XXXX Is this useful? Then need to treat MEASURE_BACKWARDS.
496 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
498 len = total % len; /* Assumed: the start is aligned. */
503 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in %s", _action( symptr ) );
505 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
506 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
508 star = total % len; /* Assumed: the start is aligned. */
509 if (star) /* Other portable ways? */
533 size = sizeof(char*);
543 /* locate matching closing parenthesis or bracket
544 * returns char pointer to char after match, or NULL
547 S_group_end(pTHX_ const char *patptr, const char *patend, char ender)
549 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GROUP_END;
551 while (patptr < patend) {
552 const char c = *patptr++;
559 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
563 patptr = group_end(patptr, patend, ')') + 1;
565 patptr = group_end(patptr, patend, ']') + 1;
567 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No group ending character '%c' found in template",
569 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
573 /* Convert unsigned decimal number to binary.
574 * Expects a pointer to the first digit and address of length variable
575 * Advances char pointer to 1st non-digit char and returns number
578 S_get_num(pTHX_ const char *patptr, I32 *lenptr )
580 I32 len = *patptr++ - '0';
582 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_NUM;
584 while (isDIGIT(*patptr)) {
585 if (len >= 0x7FFFFFFF/10)
586 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "pack/unpack repeat count overflow");
587 len = (len * 10) + (*patptr++ - '0');
593 /* The marvellous template parsing routine: Using state stored in *symptr,
594 * locates next template code and count
597 S_next_symbol(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr )
599 const char* patptr = symptr->patptr;
600 const char* const patend = symptr->patend;
602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEXT_SYMBOL;
604 symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_SLASH;
606 while (patptr < patend) {
607 if (isSPACE(*patptr))
609 else if (*patptr == '#') {
611 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
616 /* We should have found a template code */
617 I32 code = *patptr++ & 0xFF;
618 U32 inherited_modifiers = 0;
620 if (code == ','){ /* grandfather in commas but with a warning */
621 if (((symptr->flags & FLAG_COMMA) == 0) && ckWARN(WARN_UNPACK)){
622 symptr->flags |= FLAG_COMMA;
623 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
624 "Invalid type ',' in %s", _action( symptr ) );
629 /* for '(', skip to ')' */
631 if( isDIGIT(*patptr) || *patptr == '*' || *patptr == '[' )
632 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "()-group starts with a count in %s",
634 symptr->grpbeg = patptr;
635 patptr = 1 + ( symptr->grpend = group_end(patptr, patend, ')') );
636 if( symptr->level >= MAX_SUB_TEMPLATE_LEVEL )
637 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Too deeply nested ()-groups in %s",
641 /* look for group modifiers to inherit */
642 if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(symptr->flags)) {
643 if (strchr(ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES, TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code)))
644 inherited_modifiers |= TYPE_ENDIANNESS(symptr->flags);
647 /* look for modifiers */
648 while (patptr < patend) {
653 modifier = TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING;
654 allowed = "sSiIlLxXnNvV@.";
657 modifier = TYPE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN;
658 allowed = ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES;
661 modifier = TYPE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
662 allowed = ENDIANNESS_ALLOWED_TYPES;
673 if (!strchr(allowed, TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code)))
674 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' allowed only after types %s in %s", *patptr,
675 allowed, _action( symptr ) );
677 if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(code | modifier) == TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
678 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s",
679 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code), _action( symptr ) );
680 else if (TYPE_ENDIANNESS(code | modifier | inherited_modifiers) ==
681 TYPE_ENDIANNESS_MASK)
682 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s",
683 *patptr, _action( symptr ) );
685 if ((code & modifier)) {
686 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UNPACK),
687 "Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s",
688 *patptr, (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(code),
696 /* inherit modifiers */
697 code |= inherited_modifiers;
699 /* look for count and/or / */
700 if (patptr < patend) {
701 if (isDIGIT(*patptr)) {
702 patptr = get_num( patptr, &symptr->length );
703 symptr->howlen = e_number;
705 } else if (*patptr == '*') {
707 symptr->howlen = e_star;
709 } else if (*patptr == '[') {
710 const char* lenptr = ++patptr;
711 symptr->howlen = e_number;
712 patptr = group_end( patptr, patend, ']' ) + 1;
713 /* what kind of [] is it? */
714 if (isDIGIT(*lenptr)) {
715 lenptr = get_num( lenptr, &symptr->length );
717 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed integer in [] in %s",
720 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
721 symptr->patend = patptr-1;
722 symptr->patptr = lenptr;
723 savsym.length = measure_struct(symptr);
727 symptr->howlen = e_no_len;
732 while (patptr < patend) {
733 if (isSPACE(*patptr))
735 else if (*patptr == '#') {
737 while (patptr < patend && *patptr != '\n')
742 if (*patptr == '/') {
743 symptr->flags |= FLAG_SLASH;
745 if (patptr < patend &&
746 (isDIGIT(*patptr) || *patptr == '*' || *patptr == '['))
747 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' does not take a repeat count in %s",
754 /* at end - no count, no / */
755 symptr->howlen = e_no_len;
760 symptr->patptr = patptr;
764 symptr->patptr = patptr;
769 There is no way to cleanly handle the case where we should process the
770 string per byte in its upgraded form while it's really in downgraded form
771 (e.g. estimates like strend-s as an upper bound for the number of
772 characters left wouldn't work). So if we foresee the need of this
773 (pattern starts with U or contains U0), we want to work on the encoded
774 version of the string. Users are advised to upgrade their pack string
775 themselves if they need to do a lot of unpacks like this on it
778 need_utf8(const char *pat, const char *patend)
782 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEED_UTF8;
784 while (pat < patend) {
787 pat = (const char *) memchr(pat, '\n', patend-pat);
788 if (!pat) return FALSE;
789 } else if (pat[0] == 'U') {
790 if (first || pat[1] == '0') return TRUE;
791 } else first = FALSE;
798 first_symbol(const char *pat, const char *patend) {
799 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIRST_SYMBOL;
801 while (pat < patend) {
802 if (pat[0] != '#') return pat[0];
804 pat = (const char *) memchr(pat, '\n', patend-pat);
813 =head1 Pack and Unpack
815 =for apidoc unpackstring
817 The engine implementing the unpack() Perl function.
819 Using the template pat..patend, this function unpacks the string
820 s..strend into a number of mortal SVs, which it pushes onto the perl
821 argument (@_) stack (so you will need to issue a C<PUTBACK> before and
822 C<SPAGAIN> after the call to this function). It returns the number of
825 The strend and patend pointers should point to the byte following the last
826 character of each string.
828 Although this function returns its values on the perl argument stack, it
829 doesn't take any parameters from that stack (and thus in particular
830 there's no need to do a PUSHMARK before calling it, unlike L</call_pv> for
836 Perl_unpackstring(pTHX_ const char *pat, const char *patend, const char *s, const char *strend, U32 flags)
840 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNPACKSTRING;
842 if (flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) flags |= FLAG_WAS_UTF8;
843 else if (need_utf8(pat, patend)) {
844 /* We probably should try to avoid this in case a scalar context call
845 wouldn't get to the "U0" */
846 STRLEN len = strend - s;
847 s = (char *) bytes_to_utf8((U8 *) s, &len);
850 flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
853 if (first_symbol(pat, patend) != 'U' && (flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8))
854 flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
856 TEMPSYM_INIT(&sym, pat, patend, flags);
858 return unpack_rec(&sym, s, s, strend, NULL );
862 S_unpack_rec(pTHX_ tempsym_t* symptr, const char *s, const char *strbeg, const char *strend, const char **new_s )
866 const I32 start_sp_offset = SP - PL_stack_base;
871 const int bits_in_uv = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(cuv);
873 bool explicit_length;
874 const bool unpack_only_one = (symptr->flags & FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE) != 0;
875 bool utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_PARSE_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
877 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UNPACK_REC;
879 symptr->strbeg = s - strbeg;
881 while (next_symbol(symptr)) {
884 I32 datumtype = symptr->code;
886 /* do first one only unless in list context
887 / is implemented by unpacking the count, then popping it from the
888 stack, so must check that we're not in the middle of a / */
890 && (SP - PL_stack_base == start_sp_offset + 1)
891 && (datumtype != '/') ) /* XXX can this be omitted */
894 switch (howlen = symptr->howlen) {
896 len = strend - strbeg; /* long enough */
899 /* e_no_len and e_number */
900 len = symptr->length;
904 explicit_length = TRUE;
906 beyond = s >= strend;
908 props = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)];
910 /* props nonzero means we can process this letter. */
911 const long size = props & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
912 const long howmany = (strend - s) / size;
916 if (!checksum || (props & PACK_SIZE_CANNOT_CSUM)) {
917 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
923 needs_swap = NEEDS_SWAP(datumtype);
925 switch(TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) {
927 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in unpack", (int)TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype) );
930 if (howlen == e_no_len)
931 len = 16; /* len is not specified */
939 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
940 const U32 group_modifiers = TYPE_MODIFIERS(datumtype & ~symptr->flags);
941 symptr->flags |= group_modifiers;
942 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
943 symptr->previous = &savsym;
946 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
948 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
949 if (utf8) symptr->flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
950 else symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
951 unpack_rec(symptr, s, strbeg, strend, &s);
952 if (s == strend && savsym.howlen == e_star)
953 break; /* No way to continue */
956 savsym.flags = symptr->flags & ~group_modifiers;
960 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
964 const bool u8 = utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING);
965 if (howlen == e_star) from = strbeg;
966 else if (len <= 0) from = s;
968 tempsym_t *group = symptr;
970 while (--len && group) group = group->previous;
971 from = group ? strbeg + group->strbeg : strbeg;
974 newSVuv( u8 ? (UV) utf8_length((const U8*)from, (const U8*)s) : (UV) (s-from)) :
975 newSViv(-(u8 ? (IV) utf8_length((const U8*)s, (const U8*)from) : (IV) (from-s)));
979 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
981 s = strbeg + symptr->strbeg;
982 if (utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
986 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string in unpack");
991 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack");
994 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'@' outside of string in unpack");
998 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
999 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
1002 const char *hop, *last;
1004 hop = last = strbeg;
1006 hop += UTF8SKIP(hop);
1013 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1017 len = (s - strbeg) % len;
1023 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack");
1024 while (--s, UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*s)) {
1026 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack");
1031 if (len > s - strbeg)
1032 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'X' outside of string in unpack" );
1036 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING: {
1038 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
1040 if (utf8) ai32 = utf8_length((U8 *) strbeg, (U8 *) s) % len;
1041 else ai32 = (s - strbeg) % len;
1042 if (ai32 == 0) break;
1050 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'x' outside of string in unpack");
1055 if (len > strend - s)
1056 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'x' outside of string in unpack");
1061 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack");
1067 /* Preliminary length estimate is assumed done in 'W' */
1068 if (len > strend - s) len = strend - s;
1074 for (l=len, hop=s; l>0; l--, hop += UTF8SKIP(hop)) {
1075 if (hop >= strend) {
1077 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1082 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1084 } else if (len > strend - s)
1087 if (datumtype == 'Z') {
1088 /* 'Z' strips stuff after first null */
1089 const char *ptr, *end;
1091 for (ptr = s; ptr < end; ptr++) if (*ptr == 0) break;
1092 sv = newSVpvn(s, ptr-s);
1093 if (howlen == e_star) /* exact for 'Z*' */
1094 len = ptr-s + (ptr != strend ? 1 : 0);
1095 } else if (datumtype == 'A') {
1096 /* 'A' strips both nulls and spaces */
1098 if (utf8 && (symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8)) {
1099 for (ptr = s+len-1; ptr >= s; ptr--)
1100 if (*ptr != 0 && !UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*ptr) &&
1101 !isSPACE_utf8(ptr)) break;
1102 if (ptr >= s) ptr += UTF8SKIP(ptr);
1105 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1107 for (ptr = s+len-1; ptr >= s; ptr--)
1108 if (*ptr != 0 && !isSPACE(*ptr)) break;
1111 sv = newSVpvn(s, ptr-s);
1112 } else sv = newSVpvn(s, len);
1116 /* Undo any upgrade done due to need_utf8() */
1117 if (!(symptr->flags & FLAG_WAS_UTF8))
1118 sv_utf8_downgrade(sv, 0);
1126 if (howlen == e_star || len > (strend - s) * 8)
1127 len = (strend - s) * 8;
1130 while (len >= 8 && s < strend) {
1131 cuv += PL_bitcount[uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype)];
1136 cuv += PL_bitcount[*(U8 *)s++];
1139 if (len && s < strend) {
1141 bits = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1142 if (datumtype == 'b')
1144 if (bits & 1) cuv++;
1149 if (bits & 0x80) cuv++;
1156 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(len ? len : 1));
1159 if (datumtype == 'b') {
1161 const I32 ai32 = len;
1162 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1163 if (len & 7) bits >>= 1;
1165 if (s >= strend) break;
1166 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1167 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1168 *str++ = bits & 1 ? '1' : '0';
1172 const I32 ai32 = len;
1173 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1174 if (len & 7) bits <<= 1;
1176 if (s >= strend) break;
1177 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1178 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1179 *str++ = bits & 0x80 ? '1' : '0';
1183 SvCUR_set(sv, str - SvPVX_const(sv));
1190 /* Preliminary length estimate, acceptable for utf8 too */
1191 if (howlen == e_star || len > (strend - s) * 2)
1192 len = (strend - s) * 2;
1194 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(len ? len : 1));
1198 if (datumtype == 'h') {
1201 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1202 if (len & 1) bits >>= 4;
1204 if (s >= strend) break;
1205 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1206 } else bits = * (U8 *) s++;
1208 *str++ = PL_hexdigit[bits & 15];
1212 const I32 ai32 = len;
1213 for (len = 0; len < ai32; len++) {
1214 if (len & 1) bits <<= 4;
1216 if (s >= strend) break;
1217 bits = uni_to_byte(aTHX_ &s, strend, datumtype);
1218 } else bits = *(U8 *) s++;
1220 *str++ = PL_hexdigit[(bits >> 4) & 15];
1225 SvCUR_set(sv, str - SvPVX_const(sv));
1232 if (explicit_length)
1233 /* Switch to "character" mode */
1234 utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
1239 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1244 aint = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) s, strend-s, &retlen,
1245 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
1246 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1247 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1251 aint = *(U8 *)(s)++;
1252 if (aint >= 128 && datumtype != 'C') /* fake up signed chars */
1256 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1257 cdouble += (NV)aint;
1265 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1267 const UV val = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8 *) s, strend-s, &retlen,
1268 ckWARN(WARN_UTF8) ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
1269 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1270 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1274 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1275 cdouble += (NV) val;
1279 } else if (!checksum)
1281 const U8 ch = *(U8 *) s++;
1284 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1285 while (len-- > 0) cdouble += (NV) *(U8 *) s++;
1287 while (len-- > 0) cuv += *(U8 *) s++;
1291 if (explicit_length && howlen != e_star) {
1292 /* Switch to "bytes in UTF-8" mode */
1293 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) utf8 = 0;
1295 /* Should be impossible due to the need_utf8() test */
1296 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "U0 mode on a byte string");
1300 if (len > strend - s) len = strend - s;
1302 if (len && unpack_only_one) len = 1;
1306 while (len-- > 0 && s < strend) {
1310 U8 result[UTF8_MAXLEN];
1311 const char *ptr = s;
1313 /* Bug: warns about bad utf8 even if we are short on bytes
1314 and will break out of the loop */
1315 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &ptr, strend, (char *) result, 1,
1318 len = UTF8SKIP(result);
1319 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &ptr, strend,
1320 (char *) &result[1], len-1, 'U')) break;
1321 auv = utf8n_to_uvchr(result, len, &retlen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
1324 auv = utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)s, strend - s, &retlen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
1325 if (retlen == (STRLEN) -1 || retlen == 0)
1326 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack");
1331 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1332 cdouble += (NV) auv;
1337 case 's' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1338 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
1341 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, ashort, datumtype, needs_swap);
1344 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1345 cdouble += (NV)ashort;
1357 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1360 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &ai16, datumtype, needs_swap);
1361 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1367 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1368 cdouble += (NV)ai16;
1373 case 'S' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1374 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
1376 unsigned short aushort;
1377 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aushort, datumtype, needs_swap,
1381 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1382 cdouble += (NV)aushort;
1395 #if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1398 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &au16, datumtype, needs_swap);
1399 if (datumtype == 'n')
1400 au16 = PerlSock_ntohs(au16);
1401 if (datumtype == 'v')
1405 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1406 cdouble += (NV) au16;
1411 case 'v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1412 case 'n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1415 # if U16SIZE > SIZE16
1418 SHIFT16(utf8, s, strend, &ai16, datumtype, needs_swap);
1419 /* There should never be any byte-swapping here. */
1420 assert(!TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype));
1421 if (datumtype == ('n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1422 ai16 = (I16) PerlSock_ntohs((U16) ai16);
1423 if (datumtype == ('v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1424 ai16 = (I16) vtohs((U16) ai16);
1427 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1428 cdouble += (NV) ai16;
1434 case 'i' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1437 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aint, datumtype, needs_swap);
1440 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1441 cdouble += (NV)aint;
1447 case 'I' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1450 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auint, datumtype, needs_swap);
1453 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1454 cdouble += (NV)auint;
1462 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aiv, datumtype, needs_swap);
1465 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1474 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auv, datumtype, needs_swap);
1477 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1483 case 'l' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1484 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
1487 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, along, datumtype, needs_swap);
1490 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1491 cdouble += (NV)along;
1502 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1505 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &ai32, datumtype, needs_swap);
1506 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1507 if (ai32 > 2147483647) ai32 -= 4294967296;
1511 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1512 cdouble += (NV)ai32;
1517 case 'L' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1518 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
1520 unsigned long aulong;
1521 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aulong, datumtype, needs_swap);
1524 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1525 cdouble += (NV)aulong;
1538 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1541 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &au32, datumtype, needs_swap);
1542 if (datumtype == 'N')
1543 au32 = PerlSock_ntohl(au32);
1544 if (datumtype == 'V')
1548 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1549 cdouble += (NV)au32;
1554 case 'V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1555 case 'N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
1558 #if U32SIZE > SIZE32
1561 SHIFT32(utf8, s, strend, &ai32, datumtype, needs_swap);
1562 /* There should never be any byte swapping here. */
1563 assert(!TYPE_ENDIANNESS(datumtype));
1564 if (datumtype == ('N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1565 ai32 = (I32)PerlSock_ntohl((U32)ai32);
1566 if (datumtype == ('V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
1567 ai32 = (I32)vtohl((U32)ai32);
1570 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1571 cdouble += (NV)ai32;
1579 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aptr, datumtype, needs_swap);
1580 /* newSVpv generates undef if aptr is NULL */
1581 mPUSHs(newSVpv(aptr, 0));
1589 while (len > 0 && s < strend) {
1591 ch = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1592 auv = (auv << 7) | (ch & 0x7f);
1593 /* UTF8_IS_XXXXX not right here - using constant 0x80 */
1601 if (++bytes >= sizeof(UV)) { /* promote to string */
1604 sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%.*"UVuf, (int)TYPE_DIGITS(UV), auv);
1605 while (s < strend) {
1606 ch = SHIFT_BYTE(utf8, s, strend, datumtype);
1607 sv = mul128(sv, (U8)(ch & 0x7f));
1613 t = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
1622 if ((s >= strend) && bytes)
1623 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unterminated compressed integer in unpack");
1627 if (symptr->howlen == e_star)
1628 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'P' must have an explicit size in unpack");
1630 if (s + sizeof(char*) <= strend) {
1632 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aptr, datumtype, needs_swap);
1633 /* newSVpvn generates undef if aptr is NULL */
1634 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(aptr, len, SVs_TEMP));
1637 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE >= 8
1641 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, aquad, datumtype, needs_swap);
1643 mPUSHs(newSViv((IV)aquad));
1644 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1645 cdouble += (NV)aquad;
1653 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, auquad, datumtype, needs_swap);
1655 mPUSHs(newSVuv((UV)auquad));
1656 else if (checksum > bits_in_uv)
1657 cdouble += (NV)auquad;
1663 /* float and double added gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
1667 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, afloat, datumtype, needs_swap);
1677 SHIFT_VAR(utf8, s, strend, adouble, datumtype, needs_swap);
1687 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, anv.bytes, sizeof(anv.bytes),
1688 datumtype, needs_swap);
1695 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
1699 SHIFT_BYTES(utf8, s, strend, aldouble.bytes,
1700 sizeof(aldouble.bytes), datumtype, needs_swap);
1701 /* The most common long double format, the x86 80-bit
1702 * extended precision, has either 2 or 6 unused bytes,
1703 * which may contain garbage, which may contain
1704 * unintentional data. While we do zero the bytes of
1705 * the long double data in pack(), here in unpack() we
1706 * don't, because it's really hard to envision that
1707 * reading the long double off aldouble would be
1708 * affected by the unused bytes.
1710 * Note that trying to unpack 'long doubles' of 'long
1711 * doubles' packed in another system is in the general
1712 * case doomed without having more detail. */
1714 mPUSHn(aldouble.ld);
1716 cdouble += aldouble.ld;
1722 const STRLEN l = (STRLEN) (strend - s) * 3 / 4;
1723 sv = sv_2mortal(newSV(l));
1724 if (l) SvPOK_on(sv);
1727 while (next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &len)) {
1732 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &a);
1733 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &b);
1734 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &c);
1735 next_uni_uu(aTHX_ &s, strend, &d);
1736 hunk[0] = (char)((a << 2) | (b >> 4));
1737 hunk[1] = (char)((b << 4) | (c >> 2));
1738 hunk[2] = (char)((c << 6) | d);
1740 sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
1748 /* possible checksum byte */
1749 const char *skip = s+UTF8SKIP(s);
1750 if (skip < strend && *skip == '\n')
1756 while (s < strend && *s > ' ' && ISUUCHAR(*s)) {
1760 len = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1762 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1763 a = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1766 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1767 b = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1770 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1771 c = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1774 if (s < strend && ISUUCHAR(*s))
1775 d = PL_uudmap[*(U8*)s++] & 077;
1778 hunk[0] = (char)((a << 2) | (b >> 4));
1779 hunk[1] = (char)((b << 4) | (c >> 2));
1780 hunk[2] = (char)((c << 6) | d);
1782 sv_catpvn(sv, hunk, (len > 3) ? 3 : len);
1787 else /* possible checksum byte */
1788 if (s + 1 < strend && s[1] == '\n')
1798 if (strchr("fFdD", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype)) ||
1799 (checksum > bits_in_uv &&
1800 strchr("cCsSiIlLnNUWvVqQjJ", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype))) ) {
1803 anv = (NV) (1 << (checksum & 15));
1804 while (checksum >= 16) {
1808 while (cdouble < 0.0)
1810 cdouble = Perl_modf(cdouble / anv, &trouble) * anv;
1811 sv = newSVnv(cdouble);
1814 if (checksum < bits_in_uv) {
1815 UV mask = ((UV)1 << checksum) - 1;
1824 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_SLASH){
1825 if (SP - PL_stack_base - start_sp_offset <= 0)
1827 if( next_symbol(symptr) ){
1828 if( symptr->howlen == e_number )
1829 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Count after length/code in unpack" );
1831 /* ...end of char buffer then no decent length available */
1832 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "length/code after end of string in unpack" );
1834 /* take top of stack (hope it's numeric) */
1837 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Negative '/' count in unpack" );
1840 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Code missing after '/' in unpack" );
1842 datumtype = symptr->code;
1843 explicit_length = FALSE;
1851 return SP - PL_stack_base - start_sp_offset;
1858 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
1861 const char *pat = SvPV_const(left, llen);
1862 const char *s = SvPV_const(right, rlen);
1863 const char *strend = s + rlen;
1864 const char *patend = pat + llen;
1868 cnt = unpackstring(pat, patend, s, strend,
1869 ((gimme == G_SCALAR) ? FLAG_UNPACK_ONLY_ONE : 0)
1870 | (DO_UTF8(right) ? FLAG_DO_UTF8 : 0));
1873 if ( !cnt && gimme == G_SCALAR )
1874 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
1879 doencodes(U8 *h, const char *s, I32 len)
1881 *h++ = PL_uuemap[len];
1883 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[0] >> 2))];
1884 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[0] << 4) & 060) | ((s[1] >> 4) & 017)))];
1885 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[1] << 2) & 074) | ((s[2] >> 6) & 03)))];
1886 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[2] & 077))];
1891 const char r = (len > 1 ? s[1] : '\0');
1892 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (s[0] >> 2))];
1893 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & (((s[0] << 4) & 060) | ((r >> 4) & 017)))];
1894 *h++ = PL_uuemap[(077 & ((r << 2) & 074))];
1895 *h++ = PL_uuemap[0];
1902 S_is_an_int(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN l)
1904 SV *result = newSVpvn(s, l);
1905 char *const result_c = SvPV_nolen(result); /* convenience */
1906 char *out = result_c;
1910 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_AN_INT;
1918 SvREFCNT_dec(result);
1941 SvREFCNT_dec(result);
1947 SvCUR_set(result, out - result_c);
1951 /* pnum must be '\0' terminated */
1953 S_div128(pTHX_ SV *pnum, bool *done)
1956 char * const s = SvPV(pnum, len);
1960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIV128;
1964 const int i = m * 10 + (*t - '0');
1965 const int r = (i >> 7); /* r < 10 */
1973 SvCUR_set(pnum, (STRLEN) (t - s));
1978 =for apidoc packlist
1980 The engine implementing pack() Perl function.
1986 Perl_packlist(pTHX_ SV *cat, const char *pat, const char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist )
1990 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKLIST;
1992 TEMPSYM_INIT(&sym, pat, patend, FLAG_PACK);
1994 /* We're going to do changes through SvPVX(cat). Make sure it's valid.
1995 Also make sure any UTF8 flag is loaded */
1996 SvPV_force_nolen(cat);
1998 sym.flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8 | FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2000 (void)pack_rec( cat, &sym, beglist, endlist );
2003 /* like sv_utf8_upgrade, but also repoint the group start markers */
2005 marked_upgrade(pTHX_ SV *sv, tempsym_t *sym_ptr) {
2008 const char *from_ptr, *from_start, *from_end, **marks, **m;
2009 char *to_start, *to_ptr;
2011 if (SvUTF8(sv)) return;
2013 from_start = SvPVX_const(sv);
2014 from_end = from_start + SvCUR(sv);
2015 for (from_ptr = from_start; from_ptr < from_end; from_ptr++)
2016 if (!NATIVE_BYTE_IS_INVARIANT(*from_ptr)) break;
2017 if (from_ptr == from_end) {
2018 /* Simple case: no character needs to be changed */
2023 len = (from_end-from_ptr)*UTF8_EXPAND+(from_ptr-from_start)+1;
2024 Newx(to_start, len, char);
2025 Copy(from_start, to_start, from_ptr-from_start, char);
2026 to_ptr = to_start + (from_ptr-from_start);
2028 Newx(marks, sym_ptr->level+2, const char *);
2029 for (group=sym_ptr; group; group = group->previous)
2030 marks[group->level] = from_start + group->strbeg;
2031 marks[sym_ptr->level+1] = from_end+1;
2032 for (m = marks; *m < from_ptr; m++)
2033 *m = to_start + (*m-from_start);
2035 for (;from_ptr < from_end; from_ptr++) {
2036 while (*m == from_ptr) *m++ = to_ptr;
2037 to_ptr = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) to_ptr, *(U8 *) from_ptr);
2041 while (*m == from_ptr) *m++ = to_ptr;
2042 if (m != marks + sym_ptr->level+1) {
2045 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: marks beyond string end, m=%p, marks=%p, "
2046 "level=%d", m, marks, sym_ptr->level);
2048 for (group=sym_ptr; group; group = group->previous)
2049 group->strbeg = marks[group->level] - to_start;
2054 SvLEN_set(sv, SvLEN(sv) + SvIVX(sv));
2055 from_start -= SvIVX(sv);
2058 SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~SVf_OOK;
2061 Safefree(from_start);
2062 SvPV_set(sv, to_start);
2063 SvCUR_set(sv, to_ptr - to_start);
2068 /* Exponential string grower. Makes string extension effectively O(n)
2069 needed says how many extra bytes we need (not counting the final '\0')
2070 Only grows the string if there is an actual lack of space
2073 S_sv_exp_grow(pTHX_ SV *sv, STRLEN needed) {
2074 const STRLEN cur = SvCUR(sv);
2075 const STRLEN len = SvLEN(sv);
2078 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SV_EXP_GROW;
2080 if (len - cur > needed) return SvPVX(sv);
2081 extend = needed > len ? needed : len;
2082 return SvGROW(sv, len+extend+1);
2087 S_pack_rec(pTHX_ SV *cat, tempsym_t* symptr, SV **beglist, SV **endlist )
2089 tempsym_t lookahead;
2090 I32 items = endlist - beglist;
2091 bool found = next_symbol(symptr);
2092 bool utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_PARSE_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
2093 bool warn_utf8 = ckWARN(WARN_UTF8);
2096 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACK_REC;
2098 if (symptr->level == 0 && found && symptr->code == 'U') {
2099 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2100 symptr->flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2103 symptr->strbeg = SvCUR(cat);
2109 SV *lengthcode = NULL;
2110 I32 datumtype = symptr->code;
2111 howlen_t howlen = symptr->howlen;
2112 char *start = SvPVX(cat);
2113 char *cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2116 #define NEXTFROM (lengthcode ? lengthcode : items-- > 0 ? *beglist++ : &PL_sv_no)
2117 #define PEEKFROM (lengthcode ? lengthcode : items > 0 ? *beglist : &PL_sv_no)
2121 len = strchr("@Xxu", TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype)) ?
2125 /* e_no_len and e_number */
2126 len = symptr->length;
2131 packprops_t props = packprops[TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)];
2133 if (props && !(props & PACK_SIZE_UNPREDICTABLE)) {
2134 /* We can process this letter. */
2135 STRLEN size = props & PACK_SIZE_MASK;
2136 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, (STRLEN) len * size);
2140 /* Look ahead for next symbol. Do we have code/code? */
2141 lookahead = *symptr;
2142 found = next_symbol(&lookahead);
2143 if (symptr->flags & FLAG_SLASH) {
2145 if (!found) Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Code missing after '/' in pack");
2146 if (strchr("aAZ", lookahead.code)) {
2147 if (lookahead.howlen == e_number) count = lookahead.length;
2150 count = sv_len_utf8(*beglist);
2153 if (lookahead.code == 'Z') count++;
2156 if (lookahead.howlen == e_number && lookahead.length < items)
2157 count = lookahead.length;
2160 lookahead.howlen = e_number;
2161 lookahead.length = count;
2162 lengthcode = sv_2mortal(newSViv(count));
2165 needs_swap = NEEDS_SWAP(datumtype);
2168 if (SvNOK(fromstr)) {
2169 const NV nv = SvNV(fromstr);
2170 const char c = TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype);
2171 if (Perl_isinfnan(nv) && !strchr("fdFD", c)) {
2173 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress %"NVgf, nv);
2175 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot pack %"NVgf" with '%c'",
2180 /* Code inside the switch must take care to properly update
2181 cat (CUR length and '\0' termination) if it updated *cur and
2182 doesn't simply leave using break */
2183 switch (TYPE_NO_ENDIANNESS(datumtype)) {
2185 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Invalid type '%c' in pack",
2186 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2188 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%%' may not be used in pack");
2190 case '.' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2192 if (howlen == e_star) from = start;
2193 else if (len == 0) from = cur;
2195 tempsym_t *group = symptr;
2197 while (--len && group) group = group->previous;
2198 from = group ? start + group->strbeg : start;
2201 len = SvIV(fromstr);
2203 case '@' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2205 from = start + symptr->strbeg;
2207 if (utf8 && !(datumtype & TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING))
2209 while (len && from < cur) {
2210 from += UTF8SKIP(from);
2214 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2216 /* Here we know from == cur */
2218 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2219 Zero(cur, len, char);
2221 } else if (from < cur) {
2224 } else goto no_change;
2232 if (len > 0) goto grow;
2233 if (len == 0) goto no_change;
2240 tempsym_t savsym = *symptr;
2241 U32 group_modifiers = TYPE_MODIFIERS(datumtype & ~symptr->flags);
2242 symptr->flags |= group_modifiers;
2243 symptr->patend = savsym.grpend;
2245 symptr->previous = &lookahead;
2248 if (utf8) symptr->flags |= FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
2249 else symptr->flags &= ~FLAG_PARSE_UTF8;
2250 was_utf8 = SvUTF8(cat);
2251 symptr->patptr = savsym.grpbeg;
2252 beglist = pack_rec(cat, symptr, beglist, endlist);
2253 if (SvUTF8(cat) != was_utf8)
2254 /* This had better be an upgrade while in utf8==0 mode */
2257 if (savsym.howlen == e_star && beglist == endlist)
2258 break; /* No way to continue */
2260 items = endlist - beglist;
2261 lookahead.flags = symptr->flags & ~group_modifiers;
2264 case 'X' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2265 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
2272 hop += UTF8SKIP(hop);
2279 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2283 len = (cur-start) % len;
2287 if (len < 1) goto no_change;
2291 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2292 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2293 while (--cur, UTF8_IS_CONTINUATION(*cur)) {
2295 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2296 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2302 if (cur - start < len)
2303 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%c' outside of string in pack",
2304 (int) TYPE_NO_MODIFIERS(datumtype));
2307 if (cur < start+symptr->strbeg) {
2308 /* Make sure group starts don't point into the void */
2310 const STRLEN length = cur-start;
2311 for (group = symptr;
2312 group && length < group->strbeg;
2313 group = group->previous) group->strbeg = length;
2314 lookahead.strbeg = length;
2317 case 'x' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING: {
2319 if (!len) /* Avoid division by 0 */
2321 if (utf8) ai32 = utf8_length((U8 *) start, (U8 *) cur) % len;
2322 else ai32 = (cur - start) % len;
2323 if (ai32 == 0) goto no_change;
2335 aptr = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2336 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2337 const char *end, *s;
2339 if (!utf8 && !SvUTF8(cat)) {
2340 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2341 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2342 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2345 cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2347 if (howlen == e_star) {
2348 if (utf8) goto string_copy;
2352 end = aptr + fromlen;
2353 fromlen = datumtype == 'Z' ? len-1 : len;
2354 while ((I32) fromlen > 0 && s < end) {
2359 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Malformed UTF-8 string in pack");
2362 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2368 fromlen = len - fromlen;
2369 if (datumtype == 'Z') fromlen--;
2370 if (howlen == e_star) {
2372 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2374 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2375 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &aptr, end, cur, fromlen,
2376 datumtype | TYPE_IS_PACK))
2377 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: predicted utf8 length not available, "
2378 "for '%c', aptr=%p end=%p cur=%p, fromlen=%"UVuf,
2379 (int)datumtype, aptr, end, cur, (UV)fromlen);
2383 if (howlen == e_star) {
2385 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2387 if (len <= (I32) fromlen) {
2389 if (datumtype == 'Z' && fromlen > 0) fromlen--;
2391 /* assumes a byte expands to at most UTF8_EXPAND bytes on
2393 expected_length <= from_len*UTF8_EXPAND + (len-from_len) */
2394 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, fromlen*(UTF8_EXPAND-1)+len);
2396 while (fromlen > 0) {
2397 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8((U8 *) cur, * (U8 *) aptr);
2403 if (howlen == e_star) {
2405 if (datumtype == 'Z') len++;
2407 if (len <= (I32) fromlen) {
2409 if (datumtype == 'Z' && fromlen > 0) fromlen--;
2411 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len);
2412 Copy(aptr, cur, fromlen, char);
2416 memset(cur, datumtype == 'A' ? ' ' : '\0', len);
2423 const char *str, *end;
2430 str = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2431 end = str + fromlen;
2432 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2434 utf8_flags = warn_utf8 ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
2436 utf8_source = FALSE;
2437 utf8_flags = 0; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
2439 if (howlen == e_star) len = fromlen;
2440 field_len = (len+7)/8;
2441 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, field_len);
2442 if (len > (I32)fromlen) len = fromlen;
2445 if (datumtype == 'B')
2449 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2451 } else bits |= *str++ & 1;
2452 if (l & 7) bits <<= 1;
2454 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2459 /* datumtype == 'b' */
2463 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2464 if (val & 1) bits |= 0x80;
2465 } else if (*str++ & 1)
2467 if (l & 7) bits >>= 1;
2469 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2475 if (datumtype == 'B')
2476 bits <<= 7 - (l & 7);
2478 bits >>= 7 - (l & 7);
2479 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2482 /* Determine how many chars are left in the requested field */
2484 if (howlen == e_star) field_len = 0;
2485 else field_len -= l;
2486 Zero(cur, field_len, char);
2492 const char *str, *end;
2499 str = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
2500 end = str + fromlen;
2501 if (DO_UTF8(fromstr)) {
2503 utf8_flags = warn_utf8 ? 0 : UTF8_ALLOW_ANY;
2505 utf8_source = FALSE;
2506 utf8_flags = 0; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
2508 if (howlen == e_star) len = fromlen;
2509 field_len = (len+1)/2;
2510 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, field_len);
2511 if (!utf8 && len > (I32)fromlen) len = fromlen;
2514 if (datumtype == 'H')
2518 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2519 if (val < 256 && isALPHA(val))
2520 bits |= (val + 9) & 0xf;
2523 } else if (isALPHA(*str))
2524 bits |= (*str++ + 9) & 0xf;
2526 bits |= *str++ & 0xf;
2527 if (l & 1) bits <<= 4;
2529 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2537 NEXT_UNI_VAL(val, cur, str, end, utf8_flags);
2538 if (val < 256 && isALPHA(val))
2539 bits |= ((val + 9) & 0xf) << 4;
2541 bits |= (val & 0xf) << 4;
2542 } else if (isALPHA(*str))
2543 bits |= ((*str++ + 9) & 0xf) << 4;
2545 bits |= (*str++ & 0xf) << 4;
2546 if (l & 1) bits >>= 4;
2548 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2554 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, bits);
2557 /* Determine how many chars are left in the requested field */
2559 if (howlen == e_star) field_len = 0;
2560 else field_len -= l;
2561 Zero(cur, field_len, char);
2569 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2570 if ((-128 > aiv || aiv > 127))
2571 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2572 "Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack");
2573 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, (U8)(aiv & 0xff));
2578 utf8 = (symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8) ? 1 : 0;
2584 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2585 if ((0 > aiv || aiv > 0xff))
2586 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2587 "Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack");
2588 PUSH_BYTE(utf8, cur, (U8)(aiv & 0xff));
2593 U8 in_bytes = (U8)IN_BYTES;
2595 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-1;
2596 if (utf8) end -= UTF8_MAXLEN-1;
2600 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2601 if (in_bytes) auv = auv % 0x100;
2606 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2608 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+UTF8_MAXLEN);
2609 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2611 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8 *) cur,
2614 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2619 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2620 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2621 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2622 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2625 cur = start + SvCUR(cat);
2626 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2629 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
2630 "Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack");
2635 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2636 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+1);
2637 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-1;
2639 *(U8 *) cur++ = (U8)auv;
2648 if (!(symptr->flags & FLAG_DO_UTF8)) {
2649 marked_upgrade(aTHX_ cat, symptr);
2650 lookahead.flags |= FLAG_DO_UTF8;
2651 lookahead.strbeg = symptr->strbeg;
2657 end = start+SvLEN(cat);
2658 if (!utf8) end -= UTF8_MAXLEN;
2662 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2664 U8 buffer[UTF8_MAXLEN], *endb;
2665 endb = uvchr_to_utf8_flags(buffer, auv,
2667 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2668 if (cur+(endb-buffer)*UTF8_EXPAND >= end) {
2670 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2671 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur,
2672 len+(endb-buffer)*UTF8_EXPAND);
2673 end = start+SvLEN(cat);
2675 cur = S_bytes_to_uni(buffer, endb-buffer, cur, 0);
2679 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2680 GROWING(0, cat, start, cur, len+UTF8_MAXLEN);
2681 end = start+SvLEN(cat)-UTF8_MAXLEN;
2683 cur = (char *) uvchr_to_utf8_flags((U8 *) cur, auv,
2685 0 : UNICODE_ALLOW_ANY);
2690 /* Float and double added by gnb@melba.bby.oz.au 22/11/89 */
2696 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
2697 # if defined(VMS) && !defined(_IEEE_FP)
2698 /* IEEE fp overflow shenanigans are unavailable on VAX and optional
2699 * on Alpha; fake it if we don't have them.
2703 else if (anv < -FLT_MAX)
2705 else afloat = (float)anv;
2707 afloat = (float)anv;
2709 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, afloat, needs_swap);
2717 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
2718 # if defined(VMS) && !defined(_IEEE_FP)
2719 /* IEEE fp overflow shenanigans are unavailable on VAX and optional
2720 * on Alpha; fake it if we don't have them.
2724 else if (anv < -DBL_MAX)
2726 else adouble = (double)anv;
2728 adouble = (double)anv;
2730 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, adouble, needs_swap);
2735 Zero(&anv, 1, NV); /* can be long double with unused bits */
2739 /* to work round a gcc/x86 bug; don't use SvNV */
2740 anv.nv = sv_2nv(fromstr);
2742 anv.nv = SvNV(fromstr);
2744 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, anv.bytes, sizeof(anv.bytes), needs_swap);
2748 #if defined(HAS_LONG_DOUBLE) && defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
2751 /* long doubles can have unused bits, which may be nonzero */
2752 Zero(&aldouble, 1, long double);
2756 /* to work round a gcc/x86 bug; don't use SvNV */
2757 aldouble.ld = (long double)sv_2nv(fromstr);
2759 aldouble.ld = (long double)SvNV(fromstr);
2761 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, aldouble.bytes, sizeof(aldouble.bytes),
2767 case 'n' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2772 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
2773 ai16 = PerlSock_htons(ai16);
2774 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16, FALSE);
2777 case 'v' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2782 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
2784 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16, FALSE);
2787 case 'S' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2788 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
2790 unsigned short aushort;
2792 aushort = SvUV(fromstr);
2793 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aushort, needs_swap);
2803 au16 = (U16)SvUV(fromstr);
2804 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &au16, needs_swap);
2807 case 's' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2808 #if SHORTSIZE != SIZE16
2812 ashort = SvIV(fromstr);
2813 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, ashort, needs_swap);
2823 ai16 = (I16)SvIV(fromstr);
2824 PUSH16(utf8, cur, &ai16, needs_swap);
2828 case 'I' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2832 auint = SvUV(fromstr);
2833 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auint, needs_swap);
2840 aiv = SvIV(fromstr);
2841 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aiv, needs_swap);
2848 auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2849 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auv, needs_swap);
2856 anv = SvNV(fromstr);
2860 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
2861 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress negative numbers in pack");
2864 /* 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF may cast to 18446744073709551616.0,
2865 which is == UV_MAX_P1. IOK is fine (instead of UV_only), as
2866 any negative IVs will have already been got by the croak()
2867 above. IOK is untrue for fractions, so we test them
2868 against UV_MAX_P1. */
2869 if (SvIOK(fromstr) || anv < UV_MAX_P1) {
2870 char buf[(sizeof(UV)*CHAR_BIT)/7+1];
2871 char *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
2872 UV auv = SvUV(fromstr);
2875 *--in = (char)((auv & 0x7f) | 0x80);
2878 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
2879 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
2880 in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
2881 } else if (SvPOKp(fromstr))
2883 else if (SvNOKp(fromstr)) {
2884 /* 10**NV_MAX_10_EXP is the largest power of 10
2885 so 10**(NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) is definitely unrepresentable
2886 given 10**(NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) == 128 ** x solve for x:
2887 x = (NV_MAX_10_EXP+1) * log (10) / log (128)
2888 And with that many bytes only Inf can overflow.
2889 Some C compilers are strict about integral constant
2890 expressions so we conservatively divide by a slightly
2891 smaller integer instead of multiplying by the exact
2892 floating-point value.
2894 #ifdef NV_MAX_10_EXP
2895 /* char buf[1 + (int)((NV_MAX_10_EXP + 1) * 0.47456)]; -- invalid C */
2896 char buf[1 + (int)((NV_MAX_10_EXP + 1) / 2)]; /* valid C */
2898 /* char buf[1 + (int)((308 + 1) * 0.47456)]; -- invalid C */
2899 char buf[1 + (int)((308 + 1) / 2)]; /* valid C */
2901 char *in = buf + sizeof(buf);
2903 anv = Perl_floor(anv);
2905 const NV next = Perl_floor(anv / 128);
2906 if (in <= buf) /* this cannot happen ;-) */
2907 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot compress integer in pack");
2908 *--in = (unsigned char)(anv - (next * 128)) | 0x80;
2911 buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] &= 0x7f; /* clear continue bit */
2912 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
2913 in, (buf + sizeof(buf)) - in);
2922 /* Copy string and check for compliance */
2923 from = SvPV_const(fromstr, len);
2924 if ((norm = is_an_int(from, len)) == NULL)
2925 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can only compress unsigned integers in pack");
2927 Newx(result, len, char);
2930 while (!done) *--in = div128(norm, &done) | 0x80;
2931 result[len - 1] &= 0x7F; /* clear continue bit */
2932 PUSH_GROWING_BYTES(utf8, cat, start, cur,
2933 in, (result + len) - in);
2935 SvREFCNT_dec(norm); /* free norm */
2940 case 'i' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2944 aint = SvIV(fromstr);
2945 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aint, needs_swap);
2948 case 'N' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2953 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
2954 au32 = PerlSock_htonl(au32);
2955 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32, FALSE);
2958 case 'V' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2963 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
2965 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32, FALSE);
2968 case 'L' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2969 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
2971 unsigned long aulong;
2973 aulong = SvUV(fromstr);
2974 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aulong, needs_swap);
2984 au32 = SvUV(fromstr);
2985 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &au32, needs_swap);
2988 case 'l' | TYPE_IS_SHRIEKING:
2989 #if LONGSIZE != SIZE32
2993 along = SvIV(fromstr);
2994 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, along, needs_swap);
3004 ai32 = SvIV(fromstr);
3005 PUSH32(utf8, cur, &ai32, needs_swap);
3008 #if defined(HAS_QUAD) && IVSIZE >= 8
3013 auquad = (Uquad_t) SvUV(fromstr);
3014 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, auquad, needs_swap);
3021 aquad = (Quad_t)SvIV(fromstr);
3022 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aquad, needs_swap);
3027 len = 1; /* assume SV is correct length */
3028 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, sizeof(char *));
3035 SvGETMAGIC(fromstr);
3036 if (!SvOK(fromstr)) aptr = NULL;
3038 /* XXX better yet, could spirit away the string to
3039 * a safe spot and hang on to it until the result
3040 * of pack() (and all copies of the result) are
3043 if ((SvTEMP(fromstr) || (SvPADTMP(fromstr) &&
3044 !SvREADONLY(fromstr)))) {
3045 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3046 "Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value");
3048 if (SvPOK(fromstr) || SvNIOK(fromstr))
3049 aptr = SvPV_nomg_const_nolen(fromstr);
3051 aptr = SvPV_force_flags_nolen(fromstr, 0);
3053 PUSH_VAR(utf8, cur, aptr, needs_swap);
3057 const char *aptr, *aend;
3061 if (len <= 2) len = 45;
3062 else len = len / 3 * 3;
3064 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PACK),
3065 "Field too wide in 'u' format in pack");
3068 aptr = SvPV_const(fromstr, fromlen);
3069 from_utf8 = DO_UTF8(fromstr);
3071 aend = aptr + fromlen;
3072 fromlen = sv_len_utf8_nomg(fromstr);
3073 } else aend = NULL; /* Unused, but keep compilers happy */
3074 GROWING(utf8, cat, start, cur, (fromlen+2) / 3 * 4 + (fromlen+len-1)/len * 2);
3075 while (fromlen > 0) {
3078 U8 hunk[1+63/3*4+1];
3080 if ((I32)fromlen > len)
3086 if (!uni_to_bytes(aTHX_ &aptr, aend, buffer, todo,
3087 'u' | TYPE_IS_PACK)) {
3089 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3090 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: string is shorter than advertised, "
3091 "aptr=%p, aend=%p, buffer=%p, todo=%ld",
3092 aptr, aend, buffer, (long) todo);
3094 end = doencodes(hunk, buffer, todo);
3096 end = doencodes(hunk, aptr, todo);
3099 PUSH_BYTES(utf8, cur, hunk, end-hunk, 0);
3106 SvCUR_set(cat, cur - start);
3108 *symptr = lookahead;
3117 dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK; dTARGET;
3120 SV *pat_sv = *++MARK;
3121 const char *pat = SvPV_const(pat_sv, fromlen);
3122 const char *patend = pat + fromlen;
3128 packlist(cat, pat, patend, MARK, SP + 1);
3138 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3140 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
3143 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: