3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
87 && memEQs(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
376 const bool really_sub =
377 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
378 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
381 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
384 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
385 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
390 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
391 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
401 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
402 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
404 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
412 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
417 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
418 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
419 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
420 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
421 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
425 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
426 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
427 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
428 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
430 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
431 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
433 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
434 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
435 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
436 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
446 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
447 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
448 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
450 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
451 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
452 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
453 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
454 from a reference to CV. */
455 if (exported_constant)
456 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
457 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
462 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
463 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
464 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
470 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
484 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
492 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
493 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
500 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
503 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
504 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
506 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
507 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
508 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
510 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
511 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
512 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
513 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
518 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
519 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
520 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
521 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
522 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
523 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
524 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
525 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
526 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
527 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
528 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
529 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
530 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
531 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
532 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
533 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
534 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
535 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
536 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
537 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
538 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
539 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
542 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
543 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
548 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
553 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
558 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
559 oldparser = PL_parser;
560 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
561 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
562 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
564 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
568 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
570 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
574 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
577 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
579 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
580 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
581 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
582 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
583 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
584 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
585 it this order as we need an op number before calling
587 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
589 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
595 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
596 compiling after a syntax error */
597 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
598 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
603 : newSVpvn(name,len),
608 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
609 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
610 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
611 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
614 PL_parser = oldparser;
615 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
616 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
619 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
620 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
621 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
622 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
623 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
624 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
631 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
633 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
635 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
637 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
638 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
644 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
649 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
650 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
651 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
652 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
653 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
654 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
658 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
660 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
661 instead of a string/length pair.
667 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
670 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
674 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
676 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
677 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
678 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
680 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
681 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
682 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
683 up caching info for this glob.
685 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
687 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
691 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
692 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
693 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
694 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
699 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
701 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
702 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
709 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
710 GV* candidate = NULL;
714 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
717 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
719 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
721 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
722 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
728 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
730 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
733 assert(name || meth);
735 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
736 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
737 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
739 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
741 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
742 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
743 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
744 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
746 else cachestash = stash;
748 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
750 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
752 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
759 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
762 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
763 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
765 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
766 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
767 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
771 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
772 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
773 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
778 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
779 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
782 else if (stash == cachestash
783 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */
784 && memEQs(hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "CORE")
785 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
789 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
790 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
791 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
793 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
795 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
798 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
799 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
801 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
807 gvp = (GV**)hv_common(
808 cstash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, HV_FETCH_JUST_SV, NULL, 0
811 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
812 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
813 if (strBEGINs(hvname, "CORE")
815 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
821 else candidate = *gvp;
824 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
825 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
826 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
828 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
829 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
830 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
832 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
833 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
834 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
835 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
836 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
837 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
843 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
844 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
845 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
848 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
849 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
850 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
851 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
852 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
853 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
854 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
860 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
861 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
862 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
869 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
871 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
872 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
876 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
878 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
881 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
883 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
884 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
890 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
894 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
895 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
898 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
902 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
904 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
905 instead of a string/length pair.
911 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
913 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
914 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
918 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
920 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
921 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
923 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
924 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
925 of the result may be zero.
927 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
933 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
935 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
937 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
944 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
945 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
947 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
950 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
952 /* Have an autoload */
953 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
954 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
955 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
956 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
965 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
967 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
968 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
969 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
972 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
973 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
974 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
975 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
976 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
978 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
979 as a prefix of the method name. Note
980 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
981 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
982 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
983 created as a side effect to do this.
985 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
986 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
987 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
993 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
995 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
997 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
1001 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1006 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1009 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1013 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1016 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1020 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1022 const char * const origname = name;
1023 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1024 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1027 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1028 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1029 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1030 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1032 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1034 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1037 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1038 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1039 the error reporting code. */
1043 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1044 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1047 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1048 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1049 * if none was found.
1051 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1054 const char *name_cursor = name;
1055 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1056 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1057 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1058 last_separator = name_cursor;
1059 name = name_cursor + 1;
1061 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1062 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1063 name = name_cursor + 1;
1068 /* did we find a separator? */
1069 if (last_separator) {
1070 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1071 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1072 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1073 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1075 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1076 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1078 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1079 strBEGINs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1080 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1081 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1082 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1085 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1086 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1091 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1093 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1094 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1095 import/unimport subroutine */
1096 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport")) {
1097 gv = (GV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newCONSTSUB_flags(NULL,
1099 } else if (autoload)
1100 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1101 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1103 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1104 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1107 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1108 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1109 * require it first instead of croaking */
1110 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1111 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1112 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1113 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1114 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1116 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1117 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1122 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1123 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1124 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1125 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1130 if (last_separator) {
1131 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1132 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1134 packnamesv = error_report;
1138 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1139 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1140 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1141 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1142 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1146 else if (autoload) {
1147 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1148 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1152 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1156 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1159 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1160 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1161 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1162 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1172 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1176 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1177 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1180 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1184 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1187 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1191 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1198 SV *packname = NULL;
1199 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1201 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1203 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1206 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1207 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1208 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1209 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1210 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1214 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1215 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1217 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1218 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1222 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1226 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1229 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1230 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1232 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1233 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1235 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1238 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1239 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1240 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1242 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1243 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1244 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1245 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1246 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1249 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1250 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1251 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1252 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1253 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1254 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1255 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1257 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1258 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1260 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1261 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1262 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1264 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1267 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1268 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1269 SvCUR_set(tmpsv, SvCUR(tmpsv) + 1); /* include null in string */
1271 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1273 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1274 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1276 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1277 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1278 SvCUR_set(cv, ulen);
1281 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1285 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1291 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1292 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1293 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1294 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1296 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1297 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1301 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1302 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1303 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1307 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1308 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1309 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1310 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1311 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1312 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1313 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1316 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1324 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1325 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1326 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1327 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1329 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1330 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1331 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1332 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1333 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1334 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1337 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1338 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1340 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1342 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1344 /* If it is not tied */
1345 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1347 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1353 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1356 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1357 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1359 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1360 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1363 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1364 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1365 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1367 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1368 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1371 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1372 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1373 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1375 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1376 type, varname, name);
1377 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1378 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1379 type, varname, name);
1381 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1382 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1386 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1392 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1393 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1394 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1396 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1397 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1400 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1402 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1403 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1409 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1412 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1416 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1418 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1419 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1420 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1421 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1422 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1425 Flags may be one of:
1434 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1436 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1437 recommended for performance reasons.
1443 gv_stashpvn_internal
1445 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1446 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1450 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1451 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1457 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1461 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1464 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1465 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1466 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1467 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1468 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1469 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1471 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1473 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1474 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1476 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1477 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1479 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1480 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1481 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1482 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1483 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1489 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1491 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1492 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1494 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1496 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1498 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1502 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1503 assert(namesv || name)
1505 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1506 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1511 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1513 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1514 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1515 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1522 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1523 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1526 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1529 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1531 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1533 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1535 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1538 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1540 if (stash && namelen) {
1541 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1542 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1543 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1550 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1553 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1557 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1559 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1562 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1569 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1571 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1572 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1577 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1579 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1583 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1585 const char * const nambeg =
1586 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1587 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1588 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1591 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1592 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1596 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1600 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1604 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1605 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1607 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1608 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1610 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1611 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1612 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1613 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1615 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1616 const char *name_cursor;
1617 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1618 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1619 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1625 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1627 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1631 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1632 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1633 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1634 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1637 *stash = PL_defstash;
1638 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1641 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1642 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1645 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1649 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1650 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1652 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1655 /* only malloc once if needed */
1656 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1657 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1658 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1660 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1661 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1662 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1665 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1666 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1667 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1670 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1671 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1672 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1676 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1677 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1678 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1679 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1680 && strBEGINs(*name, "CORE"))
1681 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1684 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1686 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1687 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1688 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1689 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1692 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1693 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1696 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1698 *name = name_cursor+1;
1699 if (*name == name_end) {
1701 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1702 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1703 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1706 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1713 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1715 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1718 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1723 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1724 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1725 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1727 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1729 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1730 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1731 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1732 * like INC or STDOUT.
1740 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1741 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1742 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1746 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1751 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1752 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1756 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1757 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1758 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1762 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1763 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1769 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1777 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1778 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1779 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1781 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1782 * which might happen during global destruction.
1784 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1785 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1786 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1787 const svtype sv_type)
1789 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1791 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1793 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1794 *stash = PL_defstash;
1797 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1798 *stash = PL_curstash;
1799 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1800 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1801 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1802 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1803 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1804 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1805 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1807 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1808 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1809 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1813 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1814 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1815 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1817 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1819 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1820 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1821 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1822 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1823 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1826 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1827 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1828 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1835 /* Use the current op's stash */
1836 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1841 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1843 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1844 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1845 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1846 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1847 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1848 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1849 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1850 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1851 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1852 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1853 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1854 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1855 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1856 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1857 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1858 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1860 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1862 /* symbol table under destruction */
1871 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1877 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1878 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1880 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1881 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1883 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1885 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1886 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1887 * to work (like %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1890 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1891 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1893 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1894 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1895 const svtype sv_type)
1899 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1901 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1902 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1903 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1904 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1909 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1910 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1911 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1912 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1913 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1918 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1919 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1922 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1926 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1927 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1932 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1941 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1942 /* Avoid null warning: */
1943 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1944 if (strBEGINs(stashname, "CORE"))
1945 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1952 /* Nothing else to do.
1953 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1954 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1955 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1956 platforms, we can't just do:
1957 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1958 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1959 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1960 would make them larger than 'V')
1967 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1968 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1970 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1976 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1977 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1978 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1979 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1980 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1985 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1986 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1990 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1993 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1994 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1995 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1996 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1998 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1999 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
2000 use didn't clean up fully because
2001 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
2002 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
2003 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
2004 interpreter structure that something else will crash
2005 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
2006 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2007 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2008 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2012 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2013 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2014 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2016 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2021 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2024 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2025 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2027 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2028 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2029 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2030 const Size_t n = *name;
2032 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2035 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2037 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2038 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2039 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2042 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2043 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2046 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2047 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2050 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2051 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2054 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2055 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2056 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2060 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2061 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2064 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2065 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2066 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2069 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2070 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2075 if (memEQs(name, len, "\023AFE_LOCALES"))
2078 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2079 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2082 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2083 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2085 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2087 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2090 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2091 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2094 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2108 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2111 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2113 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2114 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2120 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2121 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2124 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2127 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2130 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2132 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2134 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2135 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2136 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2137 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2139 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2143 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2144 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2157 paren = *name - '0';
2160 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2161 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2162 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2166 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2170 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2171 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2177 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2179 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2181 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2182 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2183 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2186 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2187 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2188 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2190 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2192 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2195 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2196 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2199 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2200 const Size_t n = *name;
2202 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2208 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2209 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2210 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2212 case '\010': /* $^H */
2214 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2215 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2218 case '\023': /* $^S */
2220 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2237 case '\001': /* $^A */
2238 case '\003': /* $^C */
2239 case '\004': /* $^D */
2240 case '\005': /* $^E */
2241 case '\006': /* $^F */
2242 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2243 case '\016': /* $^N */
2244 case '\017': /* $^O */
2245 case '\020': /* $^P */
2246 case '\024': /* $^T */
2247 case '\027': /* $^W */
2249 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2252 case '\014': /* $^L */
2253 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2256 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2260 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2261 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2262 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2263 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2264 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2268 case '\026': /* $^V */
2270 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2271 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2272 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2278 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2284 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2285 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2287 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2292 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2293 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2294 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2296 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2297 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2298 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2299 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2302 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2303 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2305 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2307 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2309 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2310 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2311 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2312 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2313 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2314 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2315 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2318 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2320 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2322 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2326 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2330 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2339 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2340 const svtype sv_type)
2342 const char *name = nambeg;
2347 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2348 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2349 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2350 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2351 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2352 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2355 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2357 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2358 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2359 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2360 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2362 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2365 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2366 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2372 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2376 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2377 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2378 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2379 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2382 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2383 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2386 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2387 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2388 * anything else with it before that.
2391 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2392 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2393 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2394 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2395 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2396 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2397 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2400 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2401 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2402 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2403 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2404 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2405 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2406 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2408 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2409 && memEQs(name, len, "ISA")
2410 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2411 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2414 } else if (no_init) {
2418 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2419 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2420 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2421 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2424 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2429 /* Adding a new symbol.
2430 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2431 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2433 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2434 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2436 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2438 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2439 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2440 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2441 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2442 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2445 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2446 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2451 /* set up magic where warranted */
2452 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2455 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2456 * stored in the symtab.
2457 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2458 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2460 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2464 /* The temporary GV created above */
2465 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2469 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2474 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2477 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2479 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2481 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2483 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2484 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2485 if (keepmain || ! memBEGINs(name, len, "main")) {
2486 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2490 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2491 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2495 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2497 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2499 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2501 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2505 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2506 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2510 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2514 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2519 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2521 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2523 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2524 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2525 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2528 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2529 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2531 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2532 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2534 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2536 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2538 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2540 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2541 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2542 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2543 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2547 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2548 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2551 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2553 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2555 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2556 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2558 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2559 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2560 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2561 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2562 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2565 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2570 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2572 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2573 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2575 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2576 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2581 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2584 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2591 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2592 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2593 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2594 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2603 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2608 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2610 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2611 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2612 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2613 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2616 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2618 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2626 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2628 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2629 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2630 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2631 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2632 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2633 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2634 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2636 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2645 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2649 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2650 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2651 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2652 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2653 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2654 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2655 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2656 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2657 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2661 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2662 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2663 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2664 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2665 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2666 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2667 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2668 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2669 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2670 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2675 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2678 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2684 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2686 if (--attempts == 0) {
2688 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2689 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2694 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2695 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2701 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2703 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2704 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2706 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2708 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2710 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2711 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2713 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2714 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2721 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2723 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2724 * 0 if there is no overload
2725 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2729 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2731 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2733 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2736 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2738 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2740 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2741 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2742 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2744 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2747 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2750 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2751 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2757 bool deref_seen = 0;
2760 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2762 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2763 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2764 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2769 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2772 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2774 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2777 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2778 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2779 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2780 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2781 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2782 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2789 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2790 /* initially assume the worst */
2791 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2793 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2794 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2795 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2796 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2797 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2799 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2800 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2801 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2802 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2803 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2804 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2805 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2806 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2807 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2808 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2810 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2811 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2812 const HEK * const stashek =
2813 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2814 if (memEQs(HEK_KEY(gvhek), HEK_LEN(gvhek), "nil")
2816 && memEQs(HEK_KEY(stashek), HEK_LEN(stashek), "overload")) {
2817 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2818 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2819 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2821 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2823 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2824 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2825 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2826 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2827 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2829 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2834 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2836 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2837 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2838 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2839 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2840 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2841 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2849 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2851 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2852 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2853 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2855 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2856 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2859 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2875 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2876 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2877 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2878 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2881 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2882 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2883 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2887 /* Here we have no table: */
2889 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2890 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2891 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2897 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2902 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2904 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2907 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2908 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2910 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2913 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2915 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2918 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2919 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2921 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2922 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2923 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2924 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2925 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2926 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2927 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2928 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2940 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2941 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2943 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2947 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2950 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2954 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2955 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2956 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2958 /* where the op is of the form:
2959 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
2960 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
2961 * otherwise return the value directly
2963 if ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
2964 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY))
2967 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2977 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2983 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2984 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2987 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2988 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2992 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2994 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2995 SV* const right = TOPs;
3001 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3003 /* STACKED implies mutator variant, e.g. $x += 1 */
3004 bool mutator = (flags & AMGf_assign) && (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED);
3006 tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3007 (mutator ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3008 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3011 /* where the op is one of the two forms:
3013 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
3014 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
3015 * otherwise return the value directly
3018 || ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
3019 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)))
3022 TARG = mutator ? *SP : PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
3023 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3034 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3035 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3037 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3040 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3041 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3043 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3046 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3048 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3050 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3056 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3060 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3064 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3065 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3066 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3067 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3070 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3071 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3073 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3074 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3075 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3082 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3086 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3088 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3090 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3092 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3093 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3095 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3096 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3097 * masked by overloading.pm */
3099 const int offset = method / 8;
3100 const int bit = method % 8;
3101 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3103 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3104 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3111 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3116 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3117 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3118 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3119 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3120 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3121 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3122 int use_default_op = 0;
3123 int force_scalar = 0;
3129 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3131 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3132 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3135 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3136 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3137 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3138 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3139 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3141 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3142 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3148 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3149 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3151 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3154 /* look for substituted methods */
3155 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3159 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3160 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3161 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3166 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3167 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3168 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3172 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3175 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3178 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3181 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3182 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3183 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3190 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3193 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3194 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3196 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3197 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3199 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3200 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3201 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3202 delegate to the stash. */
3203 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3209 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3210 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3211 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3213 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3214 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3215 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3217 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3218 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3219 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3222 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3233 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3240 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3241 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3244 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3252 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3257 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3258 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3259 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3260 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3261 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3262 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3264 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3267 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3268 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3269 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3270 /* We look for substitution for
3271 * comparison operations and
3273 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3274 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3275 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3297 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3301 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3311 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3319 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3321 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3322 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3323 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3324 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3325 } else if ((use_default_op =
3326 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3327 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3329 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3333 if (off==-1) off=method;
3334 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3335 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3336 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3337 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3339 "in overloaded package ":
3340 "has no overloaded magic",
3342 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3345 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3348 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3350 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3351 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3352 if (use_default_op) {
3353 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3355 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3359 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3364 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3365 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3366 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3367 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3373 if (off == subtr_amg)
3376 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3377 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3378 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3379 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3399 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3403 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3404 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3405 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3413 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3414 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3415 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3425 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3426 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3428 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3430 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3431 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3432 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3433 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3434 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3435 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3436 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3437 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3440 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3441 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3442 * version of copy operator
3444 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3445 * a) Assignment form was called.
3446 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3447 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3448 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3449 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3450 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3452 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3453 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3455 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3456 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3459 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3460 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3462 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3463 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3466 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3467 * information by hand */
3468 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3470 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3471 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3473 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3481 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3483 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3484 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3485 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3487 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3488 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3491 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3492 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3493 myop.op_next = NULL;
3494 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3498 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3501 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3502 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3507 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3511 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3514 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3515 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3516 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3517 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3519 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3520 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3521 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3522 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3524 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3525 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3527 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3528 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3529 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3531 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3535 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3539 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3543 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3544 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3547 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3550 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3551 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3552 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3554 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3565 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3572 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3575 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3578 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3581 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3584 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3587 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3590 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3592 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3597 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3599 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3601 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3609 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3614 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3617 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3619 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3620 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3623 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3624 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3628 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3630 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3631 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3632 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3633 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3634 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3635 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3636 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3638 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3640 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3641 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3642 more compactly represents the same thing.
3648 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3654 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3656 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3658 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3660 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3661 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3662 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3663 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3664 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3665 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3667 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3669 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3671 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3672 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3674 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3675 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3681 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3682 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3683 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3684 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3685 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3686 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3687 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3688 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3689 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3691 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3692 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3696 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3698 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3699 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3700 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3701 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3706 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3708 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3710 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3711 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3712 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3713 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3714 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3715 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3716 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3719 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3725 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3728 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3733 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: