3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
24 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
25 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
26 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
28 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
29 Perl stores its global variables.
37 #include "overload.inc"
41 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
42 #define S_autolen (sizeof("AUTOLOAD")-1)
45 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
52 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
53 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
57 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
59 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
60 * this is a dirhandle.
62 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
63 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
64 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
67 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
69 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
70 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
73 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
74 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
75 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
76 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
77 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
78 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
87 && memEQs(GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv), "ISA"))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
94 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
96 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
97 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
101 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv), GvAVn(gv), PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
156 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
157 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
158 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVCV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
162 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
175 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
176 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
177 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
180 /* PL_curcop may be null here. E.g.,
181 INIT { bless {} and exit }
182 frees INIT before looking up DESTROY (and creating *DESTROY)
185 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
187 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
188 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
192 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
194 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
195 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
206 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
207 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
213 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
214 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
217 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
219 GV * const oldgv = CvNAMED(cv) ? NULL : SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv;
221 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
228 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
232 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
235 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) {
241 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
242 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
247 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
248 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
251 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
255 /* Convert CvSTASH + CvNAME_HEK into a GV. Conceptually, all subs have a
256 GV, but for efficiency that GV may not in fact exist. This function,
257 called by CvGV, reifies it. */
260 Perl_cvgv_from_hek(pTHX_ CV *cv)
264 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_FROM_HEK;
265 assert(SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV);
266 if (!CvSTASH(cv)) return NULL;
267 ASSUME(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
268 svp = hv_fetchhek(CvSTASH(cv), CvNAME_HEK(cv), 0);
269 gv = MUTABLE_GV(svp && *svp ? *svp : newSV(0));
271 gv_init_pvn(gv, CvSTASH(cv), HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
272 HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)),
273 SVf_UTF8 * !!HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)));
274 if (!CvNAMED(cv)) { /* gv_init took care of it */
275 assert (SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv == gv);
278 unshare_hek(CvNAME_HEK(cv));
280 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
281 if (svp && *svp) SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
286 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
289 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
291 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
292 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
296 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
297 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
299 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
303 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
305 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
306 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
307 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by C<SvSetSV>. Converting
308 any scalar that is C<SvOK()> may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
309 for perl's internal use.
311 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
313 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
315 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
316 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
317 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
318 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
319 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
321 C<flags> can be set to C<SVf_UTF8> if C<name> is a UTF-8 string, or
322 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
323 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
324 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
328 The old form of C<gv_init_pvn()>. It does not work with UTF-8 strings, as it
329 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
330 C<GV_ADDMULTI> flag will be passed to C<gv_init_pvn()>.
332 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
334 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
335 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
337 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
339 Same as C<gv_init_pvn()>, but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
340 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
346 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
350 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
351 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
354 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
358 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
360 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
361 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
365 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
367 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
368 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
369 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
370 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
372 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
373 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
374 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
375 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
376 const bool really_sub =
377 has_constant && SvTYPE(has_constant) == SVt_PVCV;
378 COP * const old = PL_curcop;
380 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
381 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
384 /* The constant has to be a scalar, array or subroutine. */
385 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
390 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
391 NOT_REACHED; /* NOTREACHED */
401 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
402 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
404 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
412 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
417 if (really_sub && !CvISXSUB(has_constant) && CvSTART(has_constant)
418 && ( CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
419 || CvSTART(has_constant)->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
420 PL_curcop = (COP *)CvSTART(has_constant);
421 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
425 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
426 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
427 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
428 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
430 /* Not actually a constant. Just a regular sub. */
431 CV * const cv = (CV *)has_constant;
433 if (CvNAMED(cv) && CvSTASH(cv) == stash && (
434 CvNAME_HEK(cv) == GvNAME_HEK(gv)
435 || ( HEK_LEN(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
436 && HEK_FLAGS(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) != HEK_FLAGS(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
437 && HEK_UTF8(CvNAME_HEK(cv)) == HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv))
438 && memEQ(HEK_KEY(CvNAME_HEK(cv)), GvNAME(gv), GvNAMELEN(gv))
446 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
447 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
448 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
450 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
451 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
452 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
453 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
454 from a reference to CV. */
455 if (exported_constant)
456 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
457 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
462 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
463 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
464 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
470 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
472 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
484 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
492 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
493 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
500 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
503 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
504 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
506 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
507 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
508 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
510 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
511 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
512 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
513 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
518 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
519 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
520 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
521 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
522 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
523 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp:
524 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
525 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
526 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
527 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
528 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
529 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
530 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
531 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
532 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
533 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
534 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
535 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
536 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
537 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
538 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
539 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
542 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
543 case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec: case KEY_exists :
548 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
553 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
558 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
559 oldparser = PL_parser;
560 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
561 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
562 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
564 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
568 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
570 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
574 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
577 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
579 /* XSUBs can't be perl lang/perl5db.pl debugged
580 if (PERLDB_LINE_OR_SAVESRC)
581 (void)gv_fetchfile(file); */
582 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
583 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
584 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
585 it this order as we need an op number before calling
587 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
589 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
595 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
596 compiling after a syntax error */
597 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_x(
598 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
603 : newSVpvn(name,len),
608 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
609 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
610 && opnum != OP_UNDEF && opnum != OP_KEYS)
611 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
614 PL_parser = oldparser;
615 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
616 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
619 SV *opnumsv = newSViv(
620 (opnum == OP_ENTEREVAL && len == 9 && memEQ(name, "evalbytes", 9)) ?
621 (OP_ENTEREVAL | (1<<16))
622 : opnum ? opnum : (((I32)name[2]) << 16));
623 cv_set_call_checker_flags(cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv, 0);
624 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(opnumsv);
631 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
633 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
635 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
637 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
638 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
644 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
648 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
649 if (LIKELY(SvPOK_nog(namesv))) /* common case */
650 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, namesv, NULL, 0, level,
651 flags | SvUTF8(namesv));
652 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
653 if (SvUTF8(namesv)) flags |= SVf_UTF8;
654 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
658 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
660 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
661 instead of a string/length pair.
667 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
669 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
670 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
674 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
676 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
677 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
678 accessible via C<@ISA> and C<UNIVERSAL::>.
680 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
681 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
682 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
683 up caching info for this glob.
685 The only significant values for C<flags> are C<GV_SUPER> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
687 C<GV_SUPER> indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
691 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
692 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
693 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
694 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
699 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
701 PERL_STATIC_INLINE GV*
702 S_gv_fetchmeth_internal(pTHX_ HV* stash, SV* meth, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
709 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
710 GV* candidate = NULL;
714 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? HV_FETCH_LVALUE : 0;
717 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
719 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
721 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
722 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
728 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
730 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
733 assert(name || meth);
735 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
736 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",
737 name ? name : SvPV_nolen(meth), hvname) );
739 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
741 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
742 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super)
743 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super = newHV();
744 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_mro_meta->super;
746 else cachestash = stash;
748 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
750 cachestash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, create, NULL, 0
752 if (he) gvp = (GV**)&HeVAL(he);
759 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
762 name = SvPV_nomg(meth, len);
763 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
765 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
766 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
767 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
771 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
772 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
773 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
778 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
779 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
782 else if (stash == cachestash
783 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */
784 && memEQs(hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "CORE")
785 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
789 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
790 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
791 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
793 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
795 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
798 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
799 "Can't locate package %" SVf " for @%" HEKf "::ISA",
801 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
807 gvp = (GV**)hv_common(
808 cstash, meth, name, len, is_utf8 ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, HV_FETCH_JUST_SV, NULL, 0
811 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
812 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
813 if (strBEGINs(hvname, "CORE")
815 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
821 else candidate = *gvp;
824 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
825 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
826 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
828 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
829 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
830 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
832 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
833 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
834 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
835 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
836 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
837 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
843 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
844 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
845 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_internal(NULL, meth, name, len, 1,
848 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
849 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
850 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
851 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
852 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
853 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
854 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
860 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
861 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
862 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
869 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
871 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
872 return gv_fetchmeth_internal(stash, NULL, name, len, level, flags);
876 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
878 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
881 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
883 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
884 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
890 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
894 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
895 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
898 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
902 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
904 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
905 instead of a string/length pair.
911 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
913 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
914 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
918 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
920 Same as C<gv_fetchmeth_pvn()>, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
921 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
923 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
924 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, C<GvCV()>
925 of the result may be zero.
927 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is C<SVf_UTF8>.
933 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
935 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
937 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
944 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
945 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
947 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
950 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
952 /* Have an autoload */
953 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
954 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
955 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
956 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
965 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
967 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
968 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
969 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable C<$AUTOLOAD> is
972 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
973 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
974 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
975 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
976 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
978 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token
979 as a prefix of the method name. Note
980 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
981 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
982 different subroutine due to C<$AUTOLOAD> changing its value. Use the glob
983 created as a side effect to do this.
985 These functions have the same side-effects as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
986 C<level==0>. The warning against passing the GV returned by
987 C<gv_fetchmeth> to C<call_sv> applies equally to these functions.
993 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
995 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
997 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
1001 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
1005 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
1006 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1009 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1013 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
1015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
1016 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
1020 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1022 const char * const origname = name;
1023 const char * const name_end = name + len;
1024 const char *last_separator = NULL;
1027 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
1028 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
1029 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
1030 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1032 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
1034 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
1037 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if last_separator is set,
1038 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
1039 the error reporting code. */
1043 /* check if the method name is fully qualified or
1044 * not, and separate the package name from the actual
1047 * leaves last_separator pointing to the beginning of the
1048 * last package separator (either ' or ::) or 0
1049 * if none was found.
1051 * leaves name pointing at the beginning of the
1054 const char *name_cursor = name;
1055 const char * const name_em1 = name_end - 1; /* name_end minus 1 */
1056 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end ; name_cursor++) {
1057 if (*name_cursor == '\'') {
1058 last_separator = name_cursor;
1059 name = name_cursor + 1;
1061 else if (name_cursor < name_em1 && *name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':') {
1062 last_separator = name_cursor++;
1063 name = name_cursor + 1;
1068 /* did we find a separator? */
1069 if (last_separator) {
1070 STRLEN sep_len= last_separator - origname;
1071 if ( memEQs(origname, sep_len, "SUPER")) {
1072 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
1073 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1075 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
1076 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
1078 else if ( sep_len >= 7 &&
1079 strBEGINs(last_separator - 7, "::SUPER")) {
1080 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
1081 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len - 7, is_utf8);
1082 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
1085 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
1086 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, sep_len, is_utf8);
1091 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1093 /* This is the special case that exempts Foo->import and
1094 Foo->unimport from being an error even if there's no
1095 import/unimport subroutine */
1096 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport")) {
1097 gv = (GV*)sv_2mortal((SV*)newCONSTSUB_flags(NULL,
1099 } else if (autoload)
1100 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1101 ostash, name, name_end - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1103 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1104 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1107 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1108 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1109 * require it first instead of croaking */
1110 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1111 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1112 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1113 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1114 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1116 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1117 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, name_end - name, 0, flags);
1122 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1123 "\" via package \"%" HEKf "\"",
1124 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1125 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1130 if (last_separator) {
1131 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, last_separator - origname,
1132 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1134 packnamesv = error_report;
1138 "Can't locate object method \"%" UTF8f
1139 "\" via package \"%" SVf "\""
1140 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%" SVf "\"?)",
1141 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end - name, name),
1142 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1146 else if (autoload) {
1147 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1148 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1152 if (CvANON(cv) || CvLEXICAL(cv))
1156 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1159 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1160 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1161 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1162 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1172 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1176 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1177 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1180 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1184 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1186 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1187 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1191 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1198 SV *packname = NULL;
1199 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1201 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1203 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1206 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1207 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1208 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1209 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1210 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1214 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1215 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1217 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE,
1218 is_utf8 | (flags & GV_SUPER))))
1222 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1226 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods no longer works
1229 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1230 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1232 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %" SVf
1233 "::%" UTF8f "() is no longer allowed",
1235 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1238 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1239 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1240 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1242 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1243 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1244 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1245 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1246 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1249 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1250 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1251 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1252 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1253 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1254 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1255 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1257 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1258 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1260 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1261 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1262 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1264 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1267 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1268 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1269 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1271 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1273 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1274 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1276 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1277 SvLEN_set(cv, SvCUR(cv) + 1);
1281 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1285 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1291 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1292 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1293 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1294 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1296 varstash = CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1297 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1301 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1302 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1303 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1307 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1308 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1309 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1310 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1311 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1312 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1313 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1316 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1324 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1325 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1326 * It loads the module and then calls the _tie_it subroutine
1327 * with the passed gv as an argument.
1329 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1330 * "varname" holds the 1-char name of the var, used for error messages.
1331 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1332 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1333 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1334 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1337 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char varname, const char * name,
1338 STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
1340 const SV * const target = varname == '[' ? GvSV(gv) : (SV *)GvHV(gv);
1342 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1344 /* If it is not tied */
1345 if (!target || !SvRMAGICAL(target)
1347 varname == '[' ? PERL_MAGIC_tiedscalar : PERL_MAGIC_tied))
1353 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1356 #define GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC \
1357 ( (gvp = (GV **)hv_fetchs(stash, "_tie_it", 0)) \
1359 && ( (isGV(*gvp) && GvCV(*gvp)) \
1360 || (SvROK(*gvp) && SvTYPE(SvRV(*gvp)) == SVt_PVCV) ) \
1363 /* Load the module if it is not loaded. */
1364 if (!(stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0))
1365 || ! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1367 SV * const module = newSVpvn(name, len);
1368 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1371 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1372 assert(sp == PL_stack_sp);
1373 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, len, 0);
1375 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s is not available",
1376 type, varname, name);
1377 else if (! GET_HV_FETCH_TIE_FUNC)
1378 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %s does not define _tie_it",
1379 type, varname, name);
1381 /* Now call the tie function. It should be in *gvp. */
1382 assert(gvp); assert(*gvp);
1386 call_sv((SV *)*gvp, G_VOID|G_DISCARD);
1392 /* add a require_tie_mod_s - the _s suffix is similar to pvs type suffixes,
1393 * IOW it means we do STR_WITH_LEN() ourselves and the user should pass in
1394 * a true string WITHOUT a len.
1396 #define require_tie_mod_s(gv, varname, name, flags) \
1397 S_require_tie_mod(aTHX_ gv, varname, STR_WITH_LEN(name), flags)
1400 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1402 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1403 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1409 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1412 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1416 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1418 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1419 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1420 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1421 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1422 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then C<NULL>
1425 Flags may be one of:
1434 The most important of which are probably C<GV_ADD> and C<SVf_UTF8>.
1436 Note, use of C<gv_stashsv> instead of C<gv_stashpvn> where possible is strongly
1437 recommended for performance reasons.
1443 gv_stashpvn_internal
1445 Perform the internal bits of gv_stashsvpvn_cached. You could think of this
1446 as being one half of the logic. Not to be called except from gv_stashsvpvn_cached().
1450 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1451 S_gv_stashpvn_internal(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1457 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN_INTERNAL;
1461 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1464 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1465 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1466 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1467 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1468 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1469 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1471 if (!tmpgv || !isGV_with_GP(tmpgv))
1473 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1474 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1476 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1477 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1479 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1480 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1481 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1482 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1483 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1489 gv_stashsvpvn_cached
1491 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, possibly
1492 cached. Implements both C<gv_stashpvn> and C<gv_stashsv>.
1494 Requires one of either namesv or namepv to be non-null.
1496 See C<L</gv_stashpvn>> for details on "flags".
1498 Note the sv interface is strongly preferred for performance reasons.
1502 #define PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED \
1503 assert(namesv || name)
1505 PERL_STATIC_INLINE HV*
1506 S_gv_stashsvpvn_cached(pTHX_ SV *namesv, const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1511 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSVPVN_CACHED;
1513 he = (HE *)hv_common(
1514 PL_stashcache, namesv, name, namelen,
1515 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? HVhek_UTF8 : 0, 0, NULL, 0
1522 hv = INT2PTR(HV*, SvIVX(sv));
1523 assert(SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV);
1526 else if (flags & GV_CACHE_ONLY) return NULL;
1529 if (SvOK(namesv)) { /* prevent double uninit warning */
1531 name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
1533 flags |= SvUTF8(namesv);
1535 name = ""; namelen = 0;
1538 stash = gv_stashpvn_internal(name, namelen, flags);
1540 if (stash && namelen) {
1541 SV* const ref = newSViv(PTR2IV(stash));
1542 (void)hv_store(PL_stashcache, name,
1543 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)namelen : (I32)namelen, ref, 0);
1550 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1553 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(NULL, name, namelen, flags);
1557 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1559 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See
1562 Note this interface is strongly preferred over C<gv_stashpvn> for performance
1569 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1571 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1572 return gv_stashsvpvn_cached(sv, NULL, 0, flags);
1577 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1578 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1579 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1583 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1585 const char * const nambeg =
1586 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1587 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1588 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1591 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
1592 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1596 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1600 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1604 /* This function grabs name and tries to split a stash and glob
1605 * from its contents. TODO better description, comments
1607 * If the function returns TRUE and 'name == name_end', then
1608 * 'gv' can be directly returned to the caller of gv_fetchpvn_flags
1610 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1611 S_parse_gv_stash_name(pTHX_ HV **stash, GV **gv, const char **name,
1612 STRLEN *len, const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len,
1613 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add)
1615 char *tmpfullbuf = NULL; /* only malloc one big chunk of memory when the smallbuff is not large enough */
1616 const char *name_cursor;
1617 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1618 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1619 char smallbuf[64]; /* small buffer to avoid a malloc when possible */
1621 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PARSE_GV_STASH_NAME;
1625 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(*name + 1, name_end, is_utf8))
1627 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1631 for (name_cursor = *name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1632 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1633 ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1634 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1637 *stash = PL_defstash;
1638 if (!*stash || !SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1641 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1642 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1645 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1649 else { /* using ' for package separator */
1650 /* use our pre-allocated buffer when possible to save a malloc */
1652 if ( *len+2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
1655 /* only malloc once if needed */
1656 if (tmpfullbuf == NULL) /* only malloc&free once, a little more than needed */
1657 Newx(tmpfullbuf, full_len+2, char);
1658 tmpbuf = tmpfullbuf;
1660 Copy(*name, tmpbuf, *len, char);
1661 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1662 tmpbuf[(*len)++] = ':';
1665 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash, key, is_utf8 ? -((I32)*len) : (I32)*len, add);
1666 *gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1667 if (!*gv || *gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1668 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1671 /* here we know that *gv && *gv != &PL_sv_undef */
1672 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1673 gv_init_pvn(*gv, *stash, key, *len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1677 if (!(*stash = GvHV(*gv))) {
1678 *stash = GvHV(*gv) = newHV();
1679 if (!HvNAME_get(*stash)) {
1680 if (GvSTASH(*gv) == PL_defstash && *len == 6
1681 && strBEGINs(*name, "CORE"))
1682 hv_name_sets(*stash, "CORE", 0);
1685 *stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1687 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1688 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1689 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(*gv))->xhv_name_count)
1690 mro_package_moved(*stash, NULL, *gv, 1);
1693 else if (!HvNAME_get(*stash))
1694 hv_name_set(*stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1697 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1699 *name = name_cursor+1;
1700 if (*name == name_end) {
1702 *gv = MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1703 if (SvTYPE(*gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
1704 gv_init_pvn(*gv, PL_defstash, "main::", 6,
1707 MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(PL_defstash));
1710 Safefree(tmpfullbuf); /* free our tmpfullbuf if it was used */
1715 *len = name_cursor - *name;
1719 /* Checks if an unqualified name is in the main stash */
1720 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1721 S_gv_is_in_main(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, const U32 is_utf8)
1723 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IS_IN_MAIN;
1725 /* If it's an alphanumeric variable */
1726 if ( len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + len, is_utf8) ) {
1727 /* Some "normal" variables are always in main::,
1728 * like INC or STDOUT.
1736 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1737 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1738 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1742 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1747 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1748 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1752 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1753 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1754 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1758 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1759 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1765 /* *{""}, or a special variable like $@ */
1773 /* This function is called if parse_gv_stash_name() failed to
1774 * find a stash, or if GV_NOTQUAL or an empty name was passed
1775 * to gv_fetchpvn_flags.
1777 * It returns FALSE if the default stash can't be found nor created,
1778 * which might happen during global destruction.
1780 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1781 S_find_default_stash(pTHX_ HV **stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1782 const U32 is_utf8, const I32 add,
1783 const svtype sv_type)
1785 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_DEFAULT_STASH;
1787 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1789 if ( gv_is_in_main(name, len, is_utf8) ) {
1790 *stash = PL_defstash;
1793 if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1794 *stash = PL_curstash;
1795 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1796 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1797 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1798 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1799 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1800 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1801 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1803 GV**gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(*stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,0);
1804 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1805 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1809 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1810 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1811 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1813 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1815 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1816 "Variable \"%c%" UTF8f "\" is not imported",
1817 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1818 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1819 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1822 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1823 "\t(Did you mean &%" UTF8f " instead?)\n",
1824 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1831 /* Use the current op's stash */
1832 *stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1837 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1839 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
1840 "Global symbol \"%s%" UTF8f
1841 "\" requires explicit package name (did you forget to "
1842 "declare \"my %s%" UTF8f "\"?)",
1843 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1844 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1845 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1846 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name),
1847 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1848 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1849 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1850 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)));
1851 /* To maintain the output of errors after the strict exception
1852 * above, and to keep compat with older releases, rather than
1853 * placing the variables in the pad, we place
1854 * them in the <none>:: stash.
1856 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1858 /* symbol table under destruction */
1867 if (!SvREFCNT(*stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1873 /* gv_magicalize only turns on the SVf_READONLY flag, not SVf_PROTECT. So
1874 redefine SvREADONLY_on for that purpose. We don’t use it later on in
1876 #undef SvREADONLY_on
1877 #define SvREADONLY_on(sv) (SvFLAGS(sv) |= SVf_READONLY)
1879 /* gv_magicalize() is called by gv_fetchpvn_flags when creating
1881 * Note that it does not insert the GV into the stash prior to
1882 * magicalization, which some variables require need in order
1883 * to work (like %+, %-, %!), so callers must take care of
1886 * It returns true if the gv did turn out to be magical one; i.e.,
1887 * if gv_magicalize actually did something.
1889 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
1890 S_gv_magicalize(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len,
1891 const svtype sv_type)
1895 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE;
1897 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1898 /* We only have to check for a few names here: a, b, EXPORT, ISA
1899 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1900 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1905 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1906 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1907 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1908 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1909 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1914 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA"))
1915 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1918 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
1922 if (stash == PL_debstash && memEQs(name, len, "args")) {
1923 GvMULTI_on(gv_AVadd(gv));
1928 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
1937 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1938 /* Avoid null warning: */
1939 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1940 if (strBEGINs(stashname, "CORE"))
1941 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1948 /* Nothing else to do.
1949 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1950 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1951 the common case of lower case variable names. (On EBCDIC
1952 platforms, we can't just do:
1953 if (NATIVE_TO_ASCII(*name) > NATIVE_TO_ASCII('V') ) {
1954 because cases like '\027' in the switch statement below are
1955 C1 (non-ASCII) controls on those platforms, so the remapping
1956 would make them larger than 'V')
1963 if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGV")) {
1964 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1966 else if (memEQs(name, len, "ARGVOUT")) {
1972 len >= 6 && name[1] == 'X' &&
1973 (memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT")
1974 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_OK")
1975 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_FAIL")
1976 ||memEQs(name, len, "EXPORT_TAGS"))
1981 if (memEQs(name, len, "ISA")) {
1982 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1986 if (memEQs(name, len, "SIG")) {
1989 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1990 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1991 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1992 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1994 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1995 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1996 use didn't clean up fully because
1997 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1998 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1999 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
2000 interpreter structure that something else will crash
2001 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
2002 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
2003 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
2004 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
2008 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
2009 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
2010 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
2012 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
2017 if (memEQs(name, len, "VERSION"))
2020 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
2021 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
2023 /* @{^CAPTURE} %{^CAPTURE} */
2024 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE")) {
2025 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2026 const Size_t n = *name;
2028 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2031 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2032 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '-', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2034 } else /* %{^CAPTURE_ALL} */
2035 if (memEQs(name, len, "\003APTURE_ALL")) {
2036 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2037 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '+', "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2040 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
2041 if (memEQs(name, len, "\005NCODING"))
2044 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
2045 if (memEQs(name, len, "\007LOBAL_PHASE"))
2048 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
2049 if (memEQs(name, len, "\014AST_FH"))
2052 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
2053 if (memEQs(name, len, "\015ATCH")) {
2054 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_FULLMATCH;
2058 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
2059 if (memEQs(name, len, "\017PEN"))
2062 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
2063 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020REMATCH")) {
2064 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_PREMATCH;
2067 if (memEQs(name, len, "\020OSTMATCH")) {
2068 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_CARET_POSTMATCH;
2073 if (memEQs(name, len, "\023AFE_LOCALES"))
2076 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2077 if (memEQs(name, len, "\024AINT"))
2080 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
2081 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025NICODE"))
2083 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8LOCALE"))
2085 if (memEQs(name, len, "\025TF8CACHE"))
2088 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
2089 if (memEQs(name, len, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
2092 else if (memEQs(name, len, "\027IN32_SLOPPY_STAT"))
2106 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
2109 if (!grok_atoUV(name, &uv, NULL) || uv > I32_MAX)
2111 /* XXX why are we using a SSize_t? */
2112 paren = (SSize_t)(I32)uv;
2118 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
2119 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
2122 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_FULLMATCH;
2125 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_PREMATCH;
2128 paren = RX_BUFF_IDX_POSTMATCH;
2130 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2132 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
2133 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
2134 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
2135 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
2137 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
2141 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
2142 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2155 paren = *name - '0';
2158 /* Flag the capture variables with a NULL mg_ptr
2159 Use mg_len for the array index to lookup. */
2160 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, NULL, paren);
2164 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
2168 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
2169 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
2175 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
2177 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2179 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod_s is called */
2180 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2181 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2184 case '-': /* $-, %-, @- */
2185 case '+': /* $+, %+, @+ */
2186 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
2188 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2190 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2193 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
2194 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture",0);
2197 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
2198 const Size_t n = *name;
2200 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), (SV*)n, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
2206 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2207 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2208 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2210 case '\010': /* $^H */
2212 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
2213 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
2216 case '\023': /* $^S */
2218 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
2235 case '\001': /* $^A */
2236 case '\003': /* $^C */
2237 case '\004': /* $^D */
2238 case '\005': /* $^E */
2239 case '\006': /* $^F */
2240 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2241 case '\016': /* $^N */
2242 case '\017': /* $^O */
2243 case '\020': /* $^P */
2244 case '\024': /* $^T */
2245 case '\027': /* $^W */
2247 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2250 case '\014': /* $^L */
2251 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2254 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2258 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2259 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2260 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2261 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2262 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2266 case '\026': /* $^V */
2268 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2269 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2270 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2276 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
2282 /* Return true if we actually did something. */
2283 return GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv)
2285 SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv))
2290 /* If we do ever start using this later on in the file, we need to make
2291 sure we don’t accidentally use the wrong definition. */
2292 #undef SvREADONLY_on
2294 /* This function is called when the stash already holds the GV of the magic
2295 * variable we're looking for, but we need to check that it has the correct
2296 * kind of magic. For example, if someone first uses $! and then %!, the
2297 * latter would end up here, and we add the Errno tie to the HASH slot of
2300 PERL_STATIC_INLINE void
2301 S_maybe_multimagic_gv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, const svtype sv_type)
2303 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAYBE_MULTIMAGIC_GV;
2305 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
2307 require_tie_mod_s(gv, '!', "Errno", 1);
2308 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
2309 require_tie_mod_s(gv, *name, "Tie::Hash::NamedCapture", 0);
2310 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
2311 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
2312 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30 */
2313 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "$%c is no longer supported as of Perl 5.30", *name);
2316 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
2318 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
2320 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
2324 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
2328 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
2337 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
2338 const svtype sv_type)
2340 const char *name = nambeg;
2345 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
2346 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
2347 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
2348 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
2349 bool addmg = cBOOL(flags & GV_ADDMG);
2350 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
2353 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
2355 /* If we have GV_NOTQUAL, the caller promised that
2356 * there is no stash, so we can skip the check.
2357 * Similarly if full_len is 0, since then we're
2358 * dealing with something like *{""} or ""->foo()
2360 if ((flags & GV_NOTQUAL) || !full_len) {
2363 else if (parse_gv_stash_name(&stash, &gv, &name, &len, nambeg, full_len, is_utf8, add)) {
2364 if (name == name_end) return gv;
2370 if (!stash && !find_default_stash(&stash, name, len, is_utf8, add, sv_type)) {
2374 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
2375 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,add);
2376 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
2377 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
2380 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
2381 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
2384 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
2385 /* The GV already exists, so return it, but check if we need to do
2386 * anything else with it before that.
2389 /* This is the heuristic that handles if a variable triggers the
2390 * 'used only once' warning. If there's already a GV in the stash
2391 * with this name, then we assume that the variable has been used
2392 * before and turn its MULTI flag on.
2393 * It's a heuristic because it can easily be "tricked", like with
2394 * BEGIN { $a = 1; $::{foo} = *a }; () = $foo
2395 * not warning about $main::foo being used just once
2398 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
2399 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
2400 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
2401 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
2402 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
2403 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
2404 maybe_multimagic_gv(gv, name, sv_type);
2406 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV
2407 && memEQs(name, len, "ISA")
2408 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
2409 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
2412 } else if (no_init) {
2416 /* If GV_NOEXPAND is true and what we got off the stash is a ref,
2417 * don't expand it to a glob. This is an optimization so that things
2418 * copying constants over, like Exporter, don't have to be rewritten
2419 * to take into account that you can store more than just globs in
2422 else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
2427 /* Adding a new symbol.
2428 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
2429 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
2431 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
2432 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
2434 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
2436 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
2437 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2438 "Had to create %" UTF8f " unexpectedly",
2439 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
2440 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
2443 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(name, name + full_len, is_utf8)
2444 && !ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) )
2449 /* set up magic where warranted */
2450 if ( gv_magicalize(gv, stash, name, len, sv_type) ) {
2453 /* gv_magicalize magicalised this gv, so we want it
2454 * stored in the symtab.
2455 * Effectively the caller is asking, ‘Does this gv exist?’
2456 * And we respond, ‘Er, *now* it does!’
2458 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2462 /* The temporary GV created above */
2463 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv);
2467 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2472 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2475 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2477 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2479 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2481 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2482 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2483 if (keepmain || ! memBEGINs(name, len, "main")) {
2484 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2488 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2489 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2493 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2495 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2499 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2503 /* recursively scan a stash and any nested stashes looking for entries
2504 * that need the "only used once" warning raised
2508 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2517 assert(HvARRAY(stash));
2519 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2521 /* mark stash is being scanned, to avoid recursing */
2522 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2523 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2526 STRLEN keylen = HeKLEN(entry);
2527 const char * const key = HeKEY(entry);
2529 if (keylen >= 2 && key[keylen-2] == ':' && key[keylen-1] == ':' &&
2530 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2532 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash
2534 && (HvAUX(hv)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH))
2536 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2538 else if ( HeKLEN(entry) != 0
2539 && *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2540 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if_safe(HeKEY(entry),
2541 HeKEY(entry) + HeKLEN(entry),
2545 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2546 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2549 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2551 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2553 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2554 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2556 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2557 "Name \"%" HEKf "::%" HEKf
2558 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2559 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2560 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2563 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_SCAN_STASH;
2568 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2570 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2571 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2573 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%" UTF8f "::_GEN_%ld",
2574 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2579 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2582 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2589 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2590 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2591 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2592 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2601 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2606 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2608 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2609 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2610 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2611 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2614 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) {
2616 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2624 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2626 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2627 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2628 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2629 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2630 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2631 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2632 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2634 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2643 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2647 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2648 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2649 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2650 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2651 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek) {
2652 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2653 "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%" HEKf "'\n",
2654 HEKfARG(hvname_hek)));
2655 (void)hv_deletehek(PL_stashcache, hvname_hek, G_DISCARD);
2659 if (io && SvREFCNT(io) == 1 && IoIFP(io)
2660 && (IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY ||
2661 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_RDWR ||
2662 IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_APPEND)
2663 && ckWARN_d(WARN_IO)
2664 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdin()
2665 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stdout()
2666 && IoIFP(io) != PerlIO_stderr()
2667 && !(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FAKE_DIRP))
2668 io_close(io, gv, FALSE, TRUE);
2673 /* Possibly reallocated by a destructor */
2676 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2682 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2684 if (--attempts == 0) {
2686 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2687 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2692 /* Possibly incremented by a destructor doing glob assignment */
2693 if (gp->gp_refcnt > 1) goto borrowed;
2699 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2701 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2702 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2704 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2706 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2708 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2709 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2711 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2712 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2719 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2721 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2722 * 0 if there is no overload
2723 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2727 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2729 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2731 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2734 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2736 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2738 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2739 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2740 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2742 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2745 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2748 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2749 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2755 bool deref_seen = 0;
2758 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2760 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2761 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2762 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2767 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2770 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2772 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2775 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2776 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2777 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2778 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2779 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2780 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2787 assert(SvOOK(stash));
2788 /* initially assume the worst */
2789 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags &= ~HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2791 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2792 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2793 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2794 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2795 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2797 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2798 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2799 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2800 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2801 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2802 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2803 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2804 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2805 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2806 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2808 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv)) && CvHASGV(cv)) {
2809 const HEK * const gvhek = CvGvNAME_HEK(cv);
2810 const HEK * const stashek =
2811 HvNAME_HEK(CvNAMED(cv) ? CvSTASH(cv) : GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2812 if (memEQs(HEK_KEY(gvhek), HEK_LEN(gvhek), "nil")
2814 && memEQs(HEK_KEY(stashek), HEK_LEN(stashek), "overload")) {
2815 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2816 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2817 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2819 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2821 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%" SVf256\
2822 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2823 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2824 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2825 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2827 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2832 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2834 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2835 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2836 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%" SVf256
2837 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2838 "in package \"%" HEKf256 "\"",
2839 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2847 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2849 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2850 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2851 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2853 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2854 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2857 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2873 /* none of @{} etc overloaded; we can do $obj->[N] quicker.
2874 * NB - aux var invalid here, HvARRAY() could have been
2875 * reallocated since it was assigned to */
2876 HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags |= HvAUXf_NO_DEREF;
2879 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2880 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2881 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2885 /* Here we have no table: */
2887 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2888 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2889 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2895 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2900 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2902 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2905 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2906 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2908 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2911 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2913 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2916 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2917 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2919 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2920 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2921 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2922 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2923 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2924 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2925 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2926 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2938 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2939 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2941 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2945 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2948 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2952 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2953 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary
2954 | (flags & AMGf_numarg))))
2956 /* where the op is of the form:
2957 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
2958 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
2959 * otherwise return the value directly
2961 if ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
2962 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY))
2965 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2975 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2981 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2982 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2985 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2986 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2990 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2992 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2993 SV* const right = TOPs;
2999 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
3001 /* STACKED implies mutator variant, e.g. $x += 1 */
3002 bool mutator = (flags & AMGf_assign) && (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED);
3004 tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
3005 (mutator ? AMGf_assign: 0)
3006 | (flags & AMGf_numarg));
3009 /* where the op is one of the two forms:
3011 * $lex = $x op $y (where the assign is optimised away)
3012 * then assign the returned value to targ and return that;
3013 * otherwise return the value directly
3016 || ( (PL_opargs[PL_op->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX)
3017 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)))
3020 TARG = mutator ? *SP : PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
3021 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
3032 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
3033 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
3035 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
3038 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
3039 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
3041 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
3044 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
3046 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
3048 *sp = sv_2num(right);
3054 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
3058 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
3062 /* return quickly if none of the deref ops are overloaded */
3063 stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(ref));
3064 assert(SvOOK(stash));
3065 if (HvAUX(stash)->xhv_aux_flags & HvAUXf_NO_DEREF)
3068 while ((tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
3069 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
3071 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
3072 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
3073 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
3080 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
3084 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
3086 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
3088 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
3090 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
3091 /* overloading lexically disabled */
3093 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
3094 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
3095 * masked by overloading.pm */
3097 const int offset = method / 8;
3098 const int bit = method % 8;
3099 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
3101 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
3102 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
3109 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
3114 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
3115 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
3116 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
3117 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
3118 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
3119 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
3120 int use_default_op = 0;
3121 int force_scalar = 0;
3127 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
3129 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
3130 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
3133 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
3134 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3135 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3136 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3137 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3139 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
3140 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
3146 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
3147 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
3149 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
3152 /* look for substituted methods */
3153 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
3157 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
3158 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
3159 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3164 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
3165 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
3166 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
3170 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3173 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3176 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
3179 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
3180 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
3181 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
3188 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
3191 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
3192 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
3194 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
3195 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
3197 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
3198 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
3199 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
3200 delegate to the stash. */
3201 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
3207 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
3208 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
3209 SV* const nullsv=&PL_sv_zero;
3211 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3212 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
3213 logic = SvTRUE_NN(lessp);
3215 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
3216 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
3217 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
3220 if (off==subtr_amg) {
3231 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
3238 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3239 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
3242 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3250 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3255 if (!cv) goto not_found;
3256 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
3257 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
3258 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
3259 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
3260 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
3262 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
3265 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
3266 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
3267 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
3268 /* We look for substitution for
3269 * comparison operations and
3271 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
3272 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
3273 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
3295 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3299 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
3309 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
3317 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
3319 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
3320 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
3321 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
3322 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
3323 } else if ((use_default_op =
3324 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
3325 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
3327 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
3331 if (off==-1) off=method;
3332 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
3333 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%" SVf "%s%" SVf,
3334 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3335 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
3337 "in overloaded package ":
3338 "has no overloaded magic",
3340 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
3343 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
3346 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
3348 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
3349 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
3350 if (use_default_op) {
3351 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
3353 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%" SVf, SVfARG(msg));
3357 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
3362 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
3363 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
3364 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
3365 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
3371 if (off == subtr_amg)
3374 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
3375 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
3376 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
3377 * assigned to the proper variable later */
3397 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
3401 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
3402 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
3403 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
3411 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
3412 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
3413 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
3423 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
3424 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %" SVf "%s\n",
3426 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3428 method+assignshift==off? "" :
3429 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
3430 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
3431 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
3432 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
3433 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
3434 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
3435 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
3438 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
3439 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
3440 * version of copy operator
3442 /* We need to copy in following cases:
3443 * a) Assignment form was called.
3444 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
3445 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
3446 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
3447 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
3448 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
3450 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
3451 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
3453 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
3454 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
3457 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
3458 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
3460 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
3461 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
3464 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
3465 * information by hand */
3466 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
3468 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
3469 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
3471 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
3479 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
3481 /* for multiconcat, we may call overload several times,
3482 * with the context of individual concats being scalar,
3483 * regardless of the overall context of the multiconcat op
3485 U8 gimme = (force_scalar || PL_op->op_type == OP_MULTICONCAT)
3486 ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
3489 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
3490 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
3491 myop.op_next = NULL;
3492 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
3496 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
3499 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3500 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
3505 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
3509 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3512 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3513 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3514 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3515 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3517 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3518 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3519 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3520 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3522 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3523 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3525 else if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3526 PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
3527 if (flags & AMGf_numarg)
3529 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3533 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3537 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3541 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3542 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3545 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3548 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3549 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3550 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3552 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3563 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3570 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3573 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3576 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3579 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3582 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3585 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3588 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3590 ans=!SvTRUE_NN(res); break;
3595 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3597 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3599 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3607 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3612 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3615 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%" UVuf ")", (UV) len);
3617 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3618 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3621 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3622 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3626 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3628 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3629 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3630 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3631 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3632 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3633 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3634 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3636 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3638 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3639 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3640 more compactly represents the same thing.
3646 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3652 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3654 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3656 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3658 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3659 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3660 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3661 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3662 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3663 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3665 if (gv == PL_statgv || gv == PL_last_in_gv || gv == PL_stderrgv)
3667 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3669 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3670 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3672 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3673 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3679 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3680 (void)hv_deletehek(stash, gvnhek, G_DISCARD);
3681 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv && SvREFCNT(cv) == 1 &&
3682 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3683 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && !CvNAMED(cv) && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3684 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3685 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3686 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3687 (gvp = hv_fetchhek(stash, namehek, 0)) &&
3689 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3690 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3694 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3696 /* See also: 'SET_SVANY_FOR_BODYLESS_IV' in sv.c */
3697 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3698 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3699 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3704 Perl_gv_override(pTHX_ const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
3706 GV *gv = gv_fetchpvn(name, len, GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
3708 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_OVERRIDE;
3709 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) return gv;
3710 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_globalstash, name, len, FALSE);
3711 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
3712 if (gv && !isGV(gv)) {
3713 if (!SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv)) return NULL;
3714 gv_init(gv, PL_globalstash, name, len, 0);
3717 return gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv) ? gv : NULL;
3723 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3726 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3731 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: