4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
169 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
170 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
172 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) { /* sneak it in here */
174 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
175 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
176 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
178 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
180 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
181 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
183 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
184 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
186 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
187 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
188 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
189 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
190 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
194 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
200 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
201 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
202 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
203 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
204 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
207 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
208 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
209 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
210 /* Remaining space is too small. */
212 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
214 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
215 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
217 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
218 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
219 slab->opslab_freed = o;
222 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
223 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
224 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
225 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
226 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
228 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
229 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
230 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
232 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
234 /* Create a new op slot */
235 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
236 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
237 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
238 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
239 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
241 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
247 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
249 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
253 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
254 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
255 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
256 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
257 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
258 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
259 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
260 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
265 S_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ void *op)
267 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
271 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
273 if (!o->op_slabbed) return;
276 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
278 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
279 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
280 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
281 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
282 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
283 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
284 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
287 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
291 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
294 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
295 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
298 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
302 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
305 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
308 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
310 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
311 PerlMemShared_free(op);
316 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
317 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
318 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
319 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
320 slab->opslab_freed = o;
321 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
322 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
326 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
329 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
330 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
333 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
340 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
344 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
345 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
346 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
347 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
348 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
350 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
352 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
353 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
355 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
356 perror("munmap failed");
360 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
366 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
371 size_t savestack_count = 0;
373 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
376 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
378 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
379 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
380 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
386 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
387 slab->opslab_refcnt++; /* op_free may free slab */
388 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
389 if (!--slab->opslab_refcnt) goto free;
392 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
393 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
394 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
396 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
404 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
406 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
417 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
419 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
425 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
426 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
428 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
429 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
430 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
431 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
433 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
435 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
437 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
439 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
440 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
444 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
446 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
448 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
450 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
455 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
457 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
459 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
465 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
467 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
468 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
469 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
474 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
476 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
477 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
482 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
484 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
486 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
491 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
493 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
495 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
496 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
501 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
503 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
505 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
506 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
510 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
512 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
514 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
515 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
519 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
521 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
524 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
525 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
526 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
528 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
531 /* "register" allocation */
534 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
538 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
540 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
542 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
543 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
546 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
548 assert(strlen(name) == len);
550 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
554 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
555 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
557 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
558 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
559 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
560 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
561 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
562 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
564 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
565 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
569 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
571 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
572 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
573 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
574 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
575 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
577 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
578 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
582 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
583 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
585 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
586 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
592 =for apidoc alloccopstash
594 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
595 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
602 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
604 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
605 bool found_slot = FALSE;
607 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
609 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
611 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
612 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
613 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
614 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
617 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
618 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
619 off = PL_stashpadmax;
620 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
623 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
628 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
629 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
632 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
638 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
640 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
646 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
651 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
653 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
654 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
655 may be freed before their parents. */
656 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
660 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
671 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
674 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
675 we maintain for reset(). */
676 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
686 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
687 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
691 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
692 register OP *kid, *nextkid;
693 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
694 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
699 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
703 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
704 * numbers etc even after null() */
705 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
711 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
718 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
723 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
726 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
731 switch (o->op_type) {
732 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
733 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
734 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
739 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
743 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
744 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
751 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
756 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
757 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
758 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
759 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
760 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
761 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
762 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
763 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
764 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
765 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
766 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
767 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
768 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
769 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
770 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
773 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
775 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
776 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
777 * may still exist on the pad */
778 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
779 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
782 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
783 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
786 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
789 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
793 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
796 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
797 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
800 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
801 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
802 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
803 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
806 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
816 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
821 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
822 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
824 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
825 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
826 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
829 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
830 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
834 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
835 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
839 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
843 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
844 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
845 * exist on the pad */
846 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
849 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
855 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
856 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
857 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
858 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
859 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
860 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
861 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
862 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
863 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
864 * happen before sv_clean_all
867 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
868 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
869 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
870 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
871 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
875 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
876 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
882 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
883 pad_free(o->op_targ);
889 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
891 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
894 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
895 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
896 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
900 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
906 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
908 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
910 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
911 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
913 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
914 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
919 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
920 array[i] = array[--count];
921 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
922 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
923 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
926 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
943 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
945 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
947 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
948 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
950 switch (kid->op_type) {
955 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
957 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
958 kid = kid->op_sibling;
964 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
968 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
970 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
974 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
975 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
976 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
980 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
988 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
995 /* Contextualizers */
998 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1000 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1001 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1002 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1009 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1011 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1013 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1014 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1015 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1017 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1024 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1026 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1027 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1028 not be called directly.
1034 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1038 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1043 /* establish postfix order */
1044 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1047 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1050 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1051 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1052 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1066 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1068 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1070 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1077 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1081 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1083 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1084 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1085 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1086 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1088 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE)
1089 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1090 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1091 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1098 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1103 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1104 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1105 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1106 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1111 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1113 switch (o->op_type) {
1115 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1120 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1130 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1131 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1137 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1139 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1142 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1143 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1149 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1154 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1157 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1164 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1168 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1169 const char* useless = NULL;
1173 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1175 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1177 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1179 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1182 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1183 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1184 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1190 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1191 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1192 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1193 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1194 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1196 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1197 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1198 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1199 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1200 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1205 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1206 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1208 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1211 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1213 switch (o->op_type) {
1215 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1219 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1223 if (o->op_private == 4)
1248 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1267 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1268 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1273 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1298 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1299 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1300 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1304 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1305 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1307 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1309 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1311 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1315 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1316 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1317 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1320 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1324 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1325 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1329 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1336 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1337 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1338 useless = "a variable";
1343 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1344 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1346 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1347 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1348 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1349 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1351 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1352 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1353 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1354 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1356 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1357 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1358 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1359 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1360 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1361 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1362 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1363 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1364 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1365 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1366 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1369 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1371 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1373 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1374 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1376 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1377 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1381 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1382 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1385 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1388 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1392 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1393 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1397 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1398 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1402 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1403 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1407 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1408 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1413 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1416 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1419 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1420 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1423 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1425 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1428 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1429 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1430 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1433 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1436 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1438 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1441 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1442 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1443 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1445 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1446 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1447 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1459 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1460 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1461 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1463 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1465 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1467 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1468 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1477 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1482 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1489 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1500 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1511 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1512 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1513 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1514 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1517 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1518 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1525 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1527 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1529 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1536 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1541 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1542 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1543 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1544 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1549 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1550 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1552 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1555 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1557 switch (o->op_type) {
1560 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1565 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1573 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1575 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1576 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1577 return gen_constant_list(o);
1584 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1586 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1589 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1590 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1596 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1600 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1607 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1611 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1613 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1614 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1617 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1618 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1622 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1624 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1625 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1626 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1629 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1634 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1636 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1638 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1639 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1645 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1647 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1648 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1649 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1650 the tree thread-safe.
1655 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1657 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1660 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1668 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1670 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1672 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1674 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1675 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1677 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1678 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1679 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1680 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1681 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1682 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1683 finalize_op(prop_op);
1690 switch (o->op_type) {
1693 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1697 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1698 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1700 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1701 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1702 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1703 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1704 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1705 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1706 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1707 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1708 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1709 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1716 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1717 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1718 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1719 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1720 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1721 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1722 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1723 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1730 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1731 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1735 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1736 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1737 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1738 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1739 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1740 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1741 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1742 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1744 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1745 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1746 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1747 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1748 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1750 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1751 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1752 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1753 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1754 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1755 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1756 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1758 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1759 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1760 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1763 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1764 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1765 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1766 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1767 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1769 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1780 const char *key = NULL;
1783 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1786 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1787 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1788 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1789 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1790 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1791 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1792 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1798 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1801 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1802 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1804 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1805 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1807 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1808 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1810 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1811 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1812 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1813 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1814 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1815 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1816 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1828 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1830 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1831 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1832 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1833 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1835 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1836 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1838 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1839 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1840 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1842 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1843 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1844 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1846 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1852 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1853 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1855 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1856 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1858 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1859 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1860 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1861 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1862 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1863 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1865 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1866 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1867 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1868 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1869 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1870 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1871 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1872 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1878 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1879 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1886 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1888 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1894 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1896 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1897 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1898 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1899 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1902 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1903 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1904 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1906 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1907 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1913 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1917 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1920 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1923 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1924 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1929 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1931 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1933 switch (o->op_type) {
1938 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1942 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1943 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1944 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1945 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1946 poses, so we need it clear. */
1947 o->op_private &= ~1;
1948 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1949 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1950 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1953 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1954 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1955 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1956 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1957 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1958 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1959 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1962 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1963 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1966 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1967 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1969 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1970 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1971 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1972 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1974 while (kid->op_sibling)
1975 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1976 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1977 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1980 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1981 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1982 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1983 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
1985 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
1986 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1987 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1988 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
1992 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2002 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2003 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2004 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2005 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2007 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2008 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2010 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2011 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2013 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2027 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2036 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2043 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2044 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2049 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2050 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2051 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2055 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2057 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2061 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2062 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2068 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2071 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2072 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2073 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2077 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2081 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2090 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2097 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2098 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2099 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2100 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2102 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2103 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2107 if (!type) /* local() */
2108 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2109 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2118 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2122 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2128 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2129 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2130 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2131 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2132 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2133 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2134 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2139 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2140 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2141 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2142 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2143 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2144 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2154 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2155 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2160 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2162 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2164 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2165 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2171 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2172 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2173 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2174 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2175 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2179 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2181 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2187 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2188 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2190 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2191 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2194 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2195 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2197 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2198 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2199 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2202 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2203 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2204 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2209 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2210 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2213 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2214 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2215 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2220 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2225 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2249 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2270 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2272 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2274 switch (o->op_type) {
2282 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2295 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2297 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2299 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2306 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2311 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2313 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2316 switch (o->op_type) {
2318 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2319 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2320 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2321 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2322 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2323 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2324 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2325 o->op_private &= ~1;
2327 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2328 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2329 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2331 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2337 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2338 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2341 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2342 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2343 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2346 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2347 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2348 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2350 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2357 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2360 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2361 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2362 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2368 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2373 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2375 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2379 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2380 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2381 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2382 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2384 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2394 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2396 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2406 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2413 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2414 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2415 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2417 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2418 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2420 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2424 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2426 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2427 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2428 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2429 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2430 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2437 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs, bool for_my)
2442 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2444 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2445 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2446 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2448 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2449 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2452 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2453 SV * const * const svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2454 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2455 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2457 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2458 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2461 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2462 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2464 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2465 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2466 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2467 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2469 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2475 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2478 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2481 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2486 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2487 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2488 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2490 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2491 apply_attrs(stash, PAD_SV(target->op_targ), attrs, TRUE);
2493 /* Need package name for method call. */
2494 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2496 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2497 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2499 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2500 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2501 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2502 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2503 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2504 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2505 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2506 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2508 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2509 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2510 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2511 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2512 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2513 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2515 /* Combine the ops. */
2516 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2520 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2522 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2523 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2524 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2525 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2526 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2527 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2528 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2529 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2530 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2531 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2537 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2538 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2542 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2545 len = strlen(attrstr);
2549 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2551 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2552 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2553 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2554 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2555 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2559 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2560 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2561 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2562 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2563 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2564 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2565 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2570 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2574 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2576 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2578 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2582 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2583 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2587 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2589 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2590 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2592 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2594 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2596 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2597 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2598 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2600 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2602 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2604 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2605 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2606 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2607 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2608 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2609 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2610 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2613 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2616 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2619 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2621 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2623 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2625 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2628 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2631 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2632 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2634 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2635 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2637 stash = PL_curstash;
2638 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2640 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2641 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2643 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2648 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2652 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2654 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2656 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2657 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2659 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2669 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2671 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2672 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2673 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2676 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2677 which will mess up list assignment. */
2678 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2679 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2680 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2682 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2683 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2686 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2689 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2690 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2695 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2697 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2699 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2704 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2708 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2709 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2711 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2713 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2714 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2716 const char * const desc
2718 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2719 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2721 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2722 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2725 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2726 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2727 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2728 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2731 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2734 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2735 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2738 const char * const sample = (isary
2739 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2740 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2741 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2742 desc, sample, sample);
2746 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2747 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2748 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2750 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2753 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2754 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2756 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2757 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2758 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2760 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2761 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2762 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2763 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2764 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2766 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2768 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2771 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2772 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2773 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2774 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2775 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2776 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2777 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2780 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2781 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2783 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2785 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2789 return bind_match(type, left,
2790 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2794 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2798 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2802 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2804 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2805 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2806 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2807 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2808 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2809 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2816 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2820 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2821 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2822 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2823 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2825 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2827 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2828 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2829 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2830 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2833 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2834 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2836 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2841 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2847 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2850 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2852 pad_block_start(full);
2854 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2855 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2856 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2858 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2864 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2867 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2868 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2870 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2873 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2875 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2878 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2884 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2886 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2888 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2889 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2895 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2897 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2899 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2906 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2907 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2908 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2911 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2912 o->op_targ = offset;
2918 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
2922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
2929 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
2930 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
2931 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
2933 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
2934 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
2936 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
2937 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
2938 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
2941 scalar(PL_eval_root);
2943 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
2944 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2945 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
2946 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
2947 i = PL_savestack_ix;
2950 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
2951 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
2953 PL_savestack_ix = i;
2956 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
2957 PL_comppad_name = 0;
2959 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
2962 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
2963 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
2964 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
2965 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
2966 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
2967 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
2968 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
2969 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
2970 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
2973 /* Register with debugger */
2975 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
2979 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
2981 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
2988 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
2992 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
2994 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2995 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2996 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3003 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3004 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3005 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3007 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3010 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3011 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3015 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3016 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3019 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3021 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3027 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3028 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3029 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3031 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3033 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3043 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3044 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3045 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3050 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3052 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3054 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3056 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3057 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3062 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3063 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3065 I32 type = o->op_type;
3067 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3069 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3071 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3072 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3077 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3078 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3080 I32 type = o->op_type;
3082 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3084 /* integerize op. */
3085 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3088 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3091 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3092 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3093 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3099 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3102 register OP * VOL curop;
3104 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3109 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3110 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3114 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3116 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3130 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3131 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3135 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3136 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3139 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3140 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3142 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3143 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3144 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3151 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3154 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3155 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3157 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3158 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3159 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3161 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3163 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3169 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3170 old_next = o->op_next;
3174 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3175 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3177 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3178 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3179 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3180 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3181 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3182 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3183 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3184 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3191 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3192 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3194 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3195 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3196 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3199 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3202 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3203 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3208 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3209 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3211 o->op_next = old_next;
3215 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3216 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3217 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3218 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3219 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3220 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3223 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3224 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3225 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3227 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3228 delete_eval_scope();
3237 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3238 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3240 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3241 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3249 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3253 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3256 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3257 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3259 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3262 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3265 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3266 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3267 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3268 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3270 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3271 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3272 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3273 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3274 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3275 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3276 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3278 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3287 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3290 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3291 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3292 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3294 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3296 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3297 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3299 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3300 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3301 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3302 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3306 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3307 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3308 o->op_flags |= flags;
3310 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3311 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3314 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3318 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3321 /* List constructors */
3324 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3326 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3327 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3328 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3329 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3330 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3331 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3337 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3345 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3346 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3348 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3351 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3352 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3354 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3355 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3357 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3362 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3364 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3365 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3366 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3367 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3368 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3369 the other is returned unchanged.
3375 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3383 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3384 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3386 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3387 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3389 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3390 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3391 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3394 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3395 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3397 while (mp->mad_next)
3399 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3402 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3405 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3406 last->op_madprop = 0;
3409 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3415 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3417 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3418 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3419 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3420 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3421 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3422 the other is returned unchanged.
3428 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3436 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3437 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3438 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3439 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3440 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3441 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3444 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3445 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3446 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3448 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3449 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3451 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3455 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3463 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3466 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3467 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3468 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3470 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3475 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3477 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3479 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3481 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3486 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3491 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3493 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3494 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3495 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3502 /* faked up qw list? */
3504 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3505 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3512 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3513 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3514 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3515 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3517 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3531 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3532 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3542 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3551 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3552 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3553 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3554 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3556 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3563 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3566 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3572 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3581 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3582 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3583 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3584 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3586 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3593 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3596 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3600 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3601 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3607 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3625 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3629 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3633 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3654 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3656 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3658 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3662 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3664 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3667 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3668 mp->mad_type = type;
3670 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3675 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3677 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3681 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3682 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3683 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3684 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3688 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3691 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3692 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3695 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3698 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3701 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3707 =head1 Optree construction
3709 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3711 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3712 empty list expression.
3718 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3720 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3724 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3726 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3727 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3733 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3735 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3736 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3737 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3738 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3739 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3745 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3750 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3752 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3754 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3755 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3758 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3762 else if (!first && last)
3765 first->op_sibling = last;
3766 listop->op_first = first;
3767 listop->op_last = last;
3768 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3769 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3770 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3771 listop->op_first = pushop;
3772 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3774 listop->op_last = pushop;
3777 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3781 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3783 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3784 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3785 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3792 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3797 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3798 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3799 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3802 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3803 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3804 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3805 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3807 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3808 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3809 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3810 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3813 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3814 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3816 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3817 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3818 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3822 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3824 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3825 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3826 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3827 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3828 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3829 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3830 of the constructed op tree.
3836 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3841 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3842 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3843 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3846 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3847 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3848 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3849 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3850 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3851 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3852 || type == OP_NULL );
3855 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3856 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3857 first = force_list(first);
3859 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3860 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3861 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3862 unop->op_first = first;
3863 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3864 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3865 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3869 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3873 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3875 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3876 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3877 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3878 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3879 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3880 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3881 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3887 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3892 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
3893 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
3895 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
3898 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
3900 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3901 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3902 binop->op_first = first;
3903 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3906 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3909 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
3910 first->op_sibling = last;
3913 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
3914 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
3917 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
3919 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
3922 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3923 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
3924 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
3925 __attribute__pure__;
3926 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
3928 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
3930 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
3932 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
3934 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
3940 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
3943 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
3946 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
3947 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
3949 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
3952 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
3953 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
3957 register short *tbl;
3959 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3960 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3961 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3964 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
3966 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
3969 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3972 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3974 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
3975 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
3977 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
3978 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
3992 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
3993 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
3996 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4000 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4003 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4005 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4009 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4010 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4011 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4012 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4016 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4019 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4021 transv = newSVpvs("");
4023 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4025 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4027 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4031 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4035 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4036 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4038 diff = val - nextmin;
4040 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4041 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4043 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4044 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4045 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4046 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4053 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4054 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4056 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4057 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4059 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4060 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4061 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4062 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4066 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4067 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4070 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4071 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4073 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4077 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4078 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4079 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4080 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4082 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4084 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4091 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4092 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4094 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4096 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4098 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4107 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4111 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4112 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4113 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4120 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4121 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4123 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4124 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4126 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4130 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4131 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4134 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4135 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4137 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4138 max = rfirst + diff;
4140 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4141 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4153 else if (max > 0xff)
4158 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4160 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4161 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4162 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4164 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4166 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4168 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4169 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4171 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4172 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4173 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4176 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4182 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4183 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4191 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4192 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4193 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4195 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4197 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4199 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4201 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4210 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4220 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4222 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4227 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4228 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4229 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4231 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4232 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4233 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4237 if (!rlen && !del) {
4240 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4242 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4243 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4245 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4247 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4248 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4250 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4256 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4257 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4264 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4265 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4266 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4267 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4271 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4273 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4274 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4284 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4286 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4287 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4288 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4294 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4299 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4301 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4302 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4303 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4304 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4305 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4307 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4308 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4309 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4310 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4312 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4313 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4314 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4316 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4318 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4319 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4320 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4322 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4323 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4324 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4326 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4327 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4333 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4334 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4335 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4336 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4337 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4338 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4340 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4342 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4344 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4345 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4346 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4348 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4349 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4350 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4351 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4355 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4358 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4359 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4360 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4363 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4364 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4365 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4366 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4367 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4369 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4370 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4371 * the new sub was created
4375 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4380 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4382 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4383 bool is_compiletime;
4386 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4388 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4390 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4392 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4393 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4394 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4395 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4396 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4397 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4400 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4403 OP* const oe = expr;
4404 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4405 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4406 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4407 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4408 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4409 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4412 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4415 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4416 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4417 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4418 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4419 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4423 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4425 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4426 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4428 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4429 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4431 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4435 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4440 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4442 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4444 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4445 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4447 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4450 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4451 LISTOP *leave = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4453 assert(leave->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4454 assert(leave->op_first->op_sibling);
4455 o->op_next = leave->op_first->op_sibling;
4457 assert(leave->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4458 assert(leave->op_last->op_next = (OP*)leave);
4459 leave->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4460 op_null((OP*)leave);
4464 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4465 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4466 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4467 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4470 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4471 * the op_next chain */
4474 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4479 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4481 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4483 if (is_compiletime) {
4484 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4485 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4487 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
4488 rx_flags |= RXf_SPLIT;
4490 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4491 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4493 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4494 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4495 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4496 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4497 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4498 * regex was parsed */
4499 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4500 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4501 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4503 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4508 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4509 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4510 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4511 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4514 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4520 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4521 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4524 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4527 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4529 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4530 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4531 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4532 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4533 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4534 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4536 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4537 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4538 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4539 ((struct regexp *)SvANY(re))->qr_anoncv = cv;
4541 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4542 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4543 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4544 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4547 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4552 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4554 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4556 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4561 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4562 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4563 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4566 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4567 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4568 * preceding stacking ops;
4569 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4571 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || PL_tainting)
4572 expr = newUNOP((PL_tainting ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4574 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4575 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4576 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4577 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4578 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4579 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4580 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4584 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4586 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4588 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4589 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4593 * ------ -------------------
4594 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4595 * pushmark (for entersub)
4596 * pushmark (for refgen)
4600 * regcreset regcreset
4602 * const("a") const("a")
4604 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4609 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4610 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4611 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4612 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4613 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4614 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4616 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4619 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4620 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4621 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4622 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4623 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4624 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4625 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4626 rcop->op_private = 0;
4628 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4630 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4631 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4633 /* establish postfix order */
4634 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4636 rcop->op_next = expr;
4637 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4640 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4641 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4644 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4649 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4651 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4652 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4654 else if (repl->op_type == OP_CONST)
4658 for (curop = LINKLIST(repl); curop!=repl; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
4659 if (curop->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4660 || curop->op_type == OP_LEAVE
4661 || (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS)) {
4662 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
4663 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
4665 if (strchr("&`'123456789+-\016\022", *GvENAME(gv)))
4668 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
4670 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4671 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4672 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4673 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
4674 if (lastop && lastop->op_type != OP_GV) /*funny deref?*/
4677 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
4678 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
4679 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
4680 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
4684 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)
4685 NOOP; /* Okay here, dangerous in newASSIGNOP */
4695 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4697 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4698 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4701 if (curop == repl && !PM_GETRE(pm)) { /* Has variables. */
4702 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_MAYBE_CONST;
4704 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4705 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4706 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4707 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4708 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4709 rcop->op_private = 1;
4712 /* establish postfix order */
4713 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4714 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4716 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4717 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4718 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4727 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4729 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4730 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4731 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4732 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4738 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4743 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4745 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4746 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4747 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4749 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4750 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4751 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4753 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4754 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4755 svop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4756 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4758 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4759 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4760 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4766 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4768 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4769 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4770 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4771 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4774 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4780 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4785 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4787 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4788 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4789 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4791 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4792 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4793 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4794 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4795 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4796 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4799 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4800 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4801 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4803 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4804 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4805 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4808 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4811 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4813 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4814 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4815 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4816 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4823 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4827 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4831 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4833 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4838 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4840 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4841 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4842 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4843 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4844 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4850 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4853 const bool utf8 = cBOOL(flags & SVf_UTF8);
4858 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP