3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
12 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
23 below. E.g. C<(W closed)> means a warning in the C<closed> category.
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %x
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
59 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
60 after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
94 (S ambiguous) C<%>, C<&>, and C<*> are both infix operators (modulus,
95 bitwise and, and multiplication) I<and> initial special characters
96 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said something
97 like C<*foo * foo> that might be interpreted as either of them. We
98 assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to make it more
99 clear -- in the example given, you might write C<*foo * foo()> if you
100 really meant to multiply a glob by the result of calling a function.
102 =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
104 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<@{foo}>, which might be
105 asking for the variable C<@foo>, or it might be calling a function
106 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you wanted
107 the variable, you can just write C<@foo>. If you wanted to call the
108 function, write C<@{foo()}> ... or you could just not have a variable
109 and a function with the same name, and save yourself a lot of trouble.
111 =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
113 =item Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
115 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like C<${foo[2]}> (where foo represents
116 the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for element number
117 2 of the array named C<@foo>, in which case please write C<$foo[2]>, or you
118 might have meant to pass an anonymous arrayref to the function named
119 foo, and then do a scalar deref on the value it returns. If you meant
120 that, write C<${foo([2])}>.
122 In regular expressions, the C<${foo[2]}> syntax is sometimes necessary
123 to disambiguate between array subscripts and character classes.
124 C</$length[2345]/>, for instance, will be interpreted as C<$length> followed
125 by the character class C<[2345]>. If an array subscript is what you
126 want, you can avoid the warning by changing C</${length[2345]}/> to the
127 unsightly C</${\$length[2345]}/>, by renaming your array to something
128 that does not coincide with a built-in keyword, or by simply turning
129 off warnings with C<no warnings 'ambiguous';>.
131 =item Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
133 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like C<-foo>, which might be the
134 string C<"-foo">, or a call to the function C<foo>, negated. If you meant
135 the string, just write C<"-foo">. If you meant the function call,
138 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
140 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
141 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
142 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
144 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
146 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
147 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
148 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
149 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
150 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
152 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
159 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
161 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
162 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
163 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
164 a scalar value (the length of an array, or the population info of a
165 hash) and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
166 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
169 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
171 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
173 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
175 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a
176 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
182 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
184 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
190 or a hash or array slice, such as:
192 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
193 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
195 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
197 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
198 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
201 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
203 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
204 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
205 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
207 =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
209 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
210 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
211 take care of transforming data between external and internal
212 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
213 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
214 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
215 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
217 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
219 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
220 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
222 =item A sequence of multiple spaces in a charnames alias definition is deprecated
224 (D deprecated) You defined a character name which had multiple space
225 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
226 names are defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but
227 they could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>.
228 See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
230 =item assertion botched: %s
232 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
234 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
236 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
238 =item Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
240 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., under C<use v5.16;>)
241 the special variable C<$[>, which is deprecated, is now a fixed zero value.
243 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
245 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
246 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
247 know which context to supply to the right side.
249 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running
251 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily
252 the main thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
253 Usually it's a good idea first to collect the return values of the
254 created threads by joining them, and only then to exit from the main
255 thread. See L<threads>.
257 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
259 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
260 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
262 =item Attempt to bless into a freed package
264 (F) You wrote C<bless $foo> with one argument after somehow causing
265 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
266 do, so it throws up in hands in despair.
268 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
270 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
271 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
272 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
278 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
280 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
281 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
284 bless $self, "$proto";
286 =item Attempt to clear deleted array
288 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
289 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This
290 can also happen if XS code calls C<av_clear> from a custom magic
291 callback on the array.
293 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
295 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
296 which is not in its key set.
298 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
300 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
301 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
303 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
305 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
306 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
307 outside any of those arenas.
309 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
311 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
312 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
313 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
314 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
316 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
318 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
319 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
320 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
321 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
324 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
326 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
328 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
330 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
331 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
332 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
333 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
334 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
335 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
338 =item Attempt to join self
340 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
341 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
342 to move the join() to some other thread.
344 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
346 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
347 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
348 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
349 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
350 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
353 =item Attempt to reload %s aborted.
355 (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to
356 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
357 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and
360 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
362 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has
363 been freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the
364 scalar representing the last index of an array and later
365 assigning through that reference. For example
367 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
370 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
372 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
373 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
374 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
376 =item Attribute "locked" is deprecated
378 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify the
379 "locked" attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is
380 obsolete, has had no effect since 5005 threads were removed, and
381 will be removed in a future release of Perl 5.
383 =item Attribute "unique" is deprecated
385 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify
386 the "unique" attribute on an array, hash or scalar reference.
387 The :unique attribute has had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and
388 will be removed in a future release of Perl 5.
390 =item av_reify called on tied array
392 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got I<very>
393 confused about C<@_> or C<@DB::args> being tied.
395 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
397 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
398 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
399 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
400 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
402 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
404 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
405 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
406 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
408 =item Bad filehandle: %s
410 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
411 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
412 open(), or did it in another package.
414 =item Bad free() ignored
416 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
417 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
418 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
420 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
421 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
422 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
426 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
428 =item Badly placed ()'s
430 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
431 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
434 =item Bad name after %s
436 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
437 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
446 $sym = "mypack::$var";
448 =item Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
450 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
453 =item Bad realloc() ignored
455 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
456 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
457 be disabled by setting the environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
459 =item Bad symbol for array
461 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
462 wasn't a symbol table entry.
464 =item Bad symbol for dirhandle
466 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
467 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
469 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
471 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
472 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
474 =item Bad symbol for hash
476 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
477 wasn't a symbol table entry.
479 =item Bareword found in conditional
481 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
482 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
483 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
487 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
490 use constant TYPO => 1;
491 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
493 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
495 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
497 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
498 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
499 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
501 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
503 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
504 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
505 you need to predeclare a package?
507 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
509 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
510 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
513 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
515 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
516 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
517 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
518 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
519 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
521 =item \1 better written as $1
523 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
524 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
525 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
526 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
527 there are more than 9 backreferences.
529 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
531 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
532 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
533 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
535 =item bind() on closed socket %s
537 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
538 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
540 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
542 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
543 Check your control flow and number of arguments.
545 =item "\b{" is deprecated; use "\b\{" or "\b[{]" instead in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
547 =item "\B{" is deprecated; use "\B\{" or "\B[{]" instead in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
549 (D deprecated) Use of an unescaped "{" immediately following
550 a C<\b> or C<\B> is now deprecated so as to reserve its use for Perl
551 itself in a future release. You can either precede the brace
552 with a backslash, or enclose it in square brackets; the latter
553 is the way to go if the pattern delimiters are C<{}>.
555 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
557 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
559 =item Bizarre copy of %s
561 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
564 =item Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
566 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread, Perl
567 encountered an invalid data type.
569 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
571 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
572 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
573 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
575 =item Callback called exit
577 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
578 exited by calling exit.
580 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
582 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
583 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
584 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
585 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
586 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
587 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
588 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
589 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
591 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
593 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
594 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
595 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
596 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
598 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
600 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
601 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
603 =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
605 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference
606 in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax.
607 The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is
608 no legal conversion from that type of reference to a typeglob.
610 =item Cannot copy to %s
612 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot
613 be directly assigned to.
615 =item Cannot find encoding "%s"
617 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a filehandle,
618 either with open() or binmode().
620 =item Cannot set tied @DB::args
622 (F) C<caller> tried to set C<@DB::args>, but found it tied. Tying C<@DB::args>
623 is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used to crash.)
625 =item Cannot tie unreifiable array
627 (P) You somehow managed to call C<tie> on an array that does not
628 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to
629 do so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to
630 Perl code, but are only used internally.
632 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
634 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
635 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
636 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
638 =item Can't bless non-reference value
640 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
641 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
643 =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
645 (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than
646 a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>.
648 =item Can't "break" outside a given block
650 (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block.
652 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
654 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
655 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
656 like this will reproduce the error:
659 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
660 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
662 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
664 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
665 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
666 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
667 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
669 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
671 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
672 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
673 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
674 Something like this will reproduce the error:
677 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
678 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
680 =item Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
682 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
683 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
685 =item Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
687 (F) An XS module tried to call C<mro_method_changed_in> on a hash that was
688 not attached to the symbol table.
690 =item Can't chdir to %s
692 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but F</foo/bar> is not a directory
693 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
695 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
697 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
700 =item Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
702 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
703 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
713 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
715 =item Can't "continue" outside a when block
717 (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when>
720 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
722 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
723 quotas or other plumbing problems.
725 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
727 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or
728 "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
730 =item Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
732 (F) You have used a C<default> block that is neither inside a
733 C<foreach> loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is
734 issued on exit from the C<default> block, so you won't get the
735 error if you use an explicit C<continue>.)
737 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
739 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
740 a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was ignored.
742 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
744 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
747 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
749 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
750 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
751 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
753 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
755 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
756 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
757 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
759 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
761 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
762 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
764 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
766 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
767 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
770 =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
772 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
773 or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or
774 little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
775 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
777 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
779 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
780 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
781 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
782 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
783 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
784 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
789 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
790 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
791 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
793 =item Can't execute %s
795 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
796 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
798 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
800 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
801 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
803 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
805 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
806 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property?
807 See L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>
808 for a complete list of available official properties.
810 =item Can't find label %s
812 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
813 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
815 =item Can't find %s on PATH
817 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
820 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
822 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
823 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
824 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
826 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
828 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
829 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
830 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
832 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
834 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
835 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or there
836 may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor will have
837 a way to help you find these characters (or lack of characters). See
838 L<perlop> for the full details on here-documents.
840 =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
842 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode
843 property (for example C<\p{Lu}> matches all uppercase
844 letters). If you did mean to use a Unicode property, see
845 L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>
846 for a complete list of available properties. If you didn't
847 mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either by
848 C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, or
853 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
856 =item Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
858 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be retried
861 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
863 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
864 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
865 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
866 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
867 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
868 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
869 the access-checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
870 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
871 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
872 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
873 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up
874 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-checking
875 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
876 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
877 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
879 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
881 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
882 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
884 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
886 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
887 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
889 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
891 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
892 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
894 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
896 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
897 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
898 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
899 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
901 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
903 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
906 =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
908 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
909 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such
910 as the reduce() function in List::Util).
912 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
914 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
915 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
916 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
917 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
919 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
921 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
922 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
923 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
924 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
925 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
926 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
928 =item Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
930 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to
931 attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric
934 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
936 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
937 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
938 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
939 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
940 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
941 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
944 =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
946 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
947 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
949 =item Can't load '%s' for module %s
951 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension.
952 This may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one
953 that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known
954 to happen between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your
955 dynamic extension was built against an older version of the library
956 that is installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old
959 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
961 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
962 lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you
963 want to localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with
966 =item Can't localize through a reference
968 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
969 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
970 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
971 that $ref will still be a reference.
973 =item Can't locate %s
975 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be found.
976 Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC, unless
977 the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you need
978 to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the
979 extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
980 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
981 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
983 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
985 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
986 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
987 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
988 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
990 =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
992 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
993 for example, F<foo.so> or F<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
994 unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>.
996 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
998 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
999 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
1000 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
1002 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1004 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
1005 doesn't seem to exist.
1007 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
1009 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1010 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1012 =item Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1014 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
1017 =item Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1019 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to request
1020 that symbols from the stated file are made available globally within the
1021 process, but that functionality is not available on this platform. Whilst
1022 the module likely will still work, this may prevent the perl interpreter
1023 from loading other XS-based extensions which need to link directly to
1024 functions defined in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1026 =item Can't modify %s in %s
1028 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
1029 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1031 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
1033 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
1036 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
1038 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
1039 such. See L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
1041 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1043 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
1046 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
1048 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
1049 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1050 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
1051 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
1052 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
1053 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
1057 (F) You tried to run a perl built with MAD support with
1058 the PERL_XMLDUMP environment variable set, but the file
1059 named by that variable could not be opened.
1061 =item Can't open %s: %s
1063 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
1064 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
1065 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1066 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which
1067 you named on the command line.
1069 (F) You tried to call perl with the B<-e> switch, but F</dev/null> (or
1070 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1072 =item Can't open a reference
1074 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1075 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1079 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
1080 open is not supported.
1082 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
1084 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
1085 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
1086 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
1087 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
1089 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
1091 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1092 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
1093 the command line for writing.
1095 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
1097 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1098 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1099 command line for reading.
1101 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
1103 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1104 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
1105 the command line for writing.
1107 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1109 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1110 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
1113 =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1115 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
1117 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
1118 shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
1119 you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
1121 =item Can't read CRTL environ
1123 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
1124 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
1125 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
1126 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
1129 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1131 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
1132 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1133 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
1134 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
1135 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
1136 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
1138 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1140 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1141 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
1142 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1144 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1146 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
1147 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1149 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1151 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
1152 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1154 =item Can't reset %ENV on this system
1156 (F) You called C<reset('E')> or similar, which tried to reset
1157 all variables in the current package beginning with "E". In
1158 the main package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not
1159 supported on some systems, notably VMS.
1161 =item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1163 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1164 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1165 package. If the method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
1167 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1169 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1170 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
1173 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
1175 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
1176 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
1178 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1180 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1181 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1182 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1183 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1184 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1186 =item Can't stat script "%s"
1188 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
1189 open already. Bizarre.
1191 =item Can't take log of %g
1193 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1194 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1195 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1198 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1200 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1201 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1202 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1204 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1206 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1207 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1208 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1210 =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1212 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1213 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1214 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1215 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1217 =item Can't use '%c' after -mname
1219 (F) You tried to call perl with the B<-m> switch, but you put something
1220 other than "=" after the module name.
1222 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1224 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1225 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1226 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1228 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1230 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1231 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1233 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1235 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1236 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1238 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1240 (F) The first time the C<%!> hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1241 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1242 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1244 =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1246 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
1247 byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
1248 allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1250 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1252 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1255 =item Can't use global %s in "%s"
1257 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1258 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1259 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1260 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1263 =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1265 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
1266 that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
1267 For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
1268 is inside a big-endian group.
1270 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1272 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1273 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1274 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1275 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1278 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1280 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1281 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1282 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1284 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1286 =item Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1288 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which
1289 C<use strict> blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See
1290 L<perlref/"Symbolic references">. This can be triggered by an C<@> or C<$>
1291 in a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1292 for example in C<"user @$twitter_id">, which says to treat the contents
1293 of C<$twitter_id> as an array reference; use a C<\> to have a literal C<@>
1294 symbol followed by the contents of C<$twitter_id>: C<"user \@$twitter_id">.
1296 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1298 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1299 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1300 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1302 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1304 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1305 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1306 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1307 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1308 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1311 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1313 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1314 references can be weakened.
1316 =item Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1318 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach>
1319 loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1320 from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails,
1321 or if you use an explicit C<continue>.)
1323 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1325 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1326 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1327 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1329 =item Character following "\c" must be ASCII
1331 (F)(D deprecated, syntax) In C<\cI<X>>, I<X> must be an ASCII character.
1332 It is planned to make this fatal in all instances in Perl v5.20. In
1333 the cases where it isn't fatal, the character this evaluates to is
1334 derived by exclusive or'ing the code point of this character with 0x40.
1336 Note that non-alphabetic ASCII characters are discouraged here as well,
1337 and using non-printable ones will be deprecated starting in v5.18.
1339 =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1345 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1346 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1347 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1351 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1354 =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1360 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1361 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1362 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1364 pack("c", $x & 255);
1366 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1369 =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1371 (W unpack) You tried something like
1373 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1375 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
1376 below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the
1377 value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1379 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1381 =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1387 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode
1388 expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved
1391 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1393 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1395 (W pack) You tried something like
1397 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1399 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1400 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1401 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1403 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1405 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1407 (W unpack) You tried something like
1409 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1411 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1412 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1413 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1415 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1417 =item "\c{" is deprecated and is more clearly written as ";"
1419 (D deprecated, syntax) The C<\cI<X>> construct is intended to be a way
1420 to specify non-printable characters. You used it with a "{" which
1421 evaluates to ";", which is printable. It is planned to remove the
1422 ability to specify a semi-colon this way in Perl 5.20. Just use a
1423 semi-colon or a backslash-semi-colon without the "\c".
1425 =item "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1427 (W syntax) The C<\cI<X>> construct is intended to be a way to specify
1428 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which is better
1429 written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash for non-word
1432 =item Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1434 (F) Creating a new thread inside the C<s///> operator is not supported.
1436 =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1438 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really
1439 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1441 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1443 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1445 =item Closure prototype called
1447 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an attribute
1448 handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new closure is created.
1449 This subroutine cannot be called.
1451 =item Code missing after '/'
1453 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1454 another template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1456 =item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, all \p{} matches fail; all \P{} matches
1459 =item Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1461 (S utf8, non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum
1464 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points, up
1465 to the limit of what is storable in an unsigned integer on your system,
1466 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. At one time,
1467 it was legal in some standards to have code points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF,
1468 but not higher. Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a
1471 None of the Unicode or Perl-defined properties will match a non-Unicode
1472 code point. For example,
1474 chr(0x7FF_FFFF) =~ /\p{Any}/
1476 will not match, because the code point is not in Unicode. But
1478 chr(0x7FF_FFFF) =~ /\P{Any}/
1482 This may be counterintuitive at times, as both these fail:
1484 chr(0x110000) =~ /\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit=True}/ # Fails.
1485 chr(0x110000) =~ /\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit=False}/ # Also fails!
1487 and both these succeed:
1489 chr(0x110000) =~ /\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit=True}/ # Succeeds.
1490 chr(0x110000) =~ /\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit=False}/ # Also succeeds!
1492 =item %s: Command not found
1494 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> or another shell
1495 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
1496 into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file could look like
1500 =item Compilation failed in require
1502 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1503 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1504 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1506 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1508 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1509 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1510 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1511 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1512 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1513 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1514 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1515 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1516 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1518 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1520 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to
1521 call cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked.
1522 The cond_broadcast() function is used to wake up another thread
1523 that is waiting in a cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't
1524 sent before the other thread has a chance to enter the wait, it
1525 is usual for the signaling thread first to wait for a lock on
1526 variable. This lock attempt will only succeed after the other
1527 thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the lock.
1529 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1531 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to
1532 call cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The
1533 cond_signal() function is used to wake up another thread that
1534 is waiting in a cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't
1535 sent before the other thread has a chance to enter the wait, it
1536 is usual for the signaling thread first to wait for a lock on
1537 variable. This lock attempt will only succeed after the other
1538 thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the lock.
1540 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1542 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1543 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1544 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1546 =item Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1548 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading
1549 (see L<overload>) or a custom charnames handler (see
1550 L<charnames/CUSTOM TRANSLATORS>) returned an undefined value.
1552 =item Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1554 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1555 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1556 L<overload> pragma?.
1558 =item Constant is not %s reference
1560 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1561 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1562 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1563 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1564 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1566 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1568 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1569 been eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">
1570 for commentary and workarounds.
1572 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1574 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1575 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1578 =item Constant(%s) unknown
1580 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting
1581 to define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the
1582 character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you
1583 forgot to load the corresponding L<overload> pragma?.
1585 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1587 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1588 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1590 =item &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1592 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the C<CORE::> namespace
1593 with C<&foo> syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines
1594 in this package cannot yet be called that way, but must be
1595 called as barewords. Something like this will work:
1597 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1598 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1600 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1602 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1604 =item Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1606 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using
1607 one, your L<custom regular expression engine|perlreapi>. If not the
1608 latter, report the problem through the L<perlbug> utility.
1610 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1612 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1613 expression compiler gave it.
1615 =item corrupted regexp program
1617 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1620 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1622 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1624 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1626 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1627 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1630 =item Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1632 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1634 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1635 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1636 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1637 which case it indicates something else.
1639 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary,
1640 setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value.
1642 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1644 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1645 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1646 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1648 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1650 (D deprecated) C<defined()> is not usually right on hashes and has been
1651 discouraged since 5.004.
1653 Although C<defined %hash> is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1654 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including iterators,
1655 weak references, stash names, even remaining true after C<undef %hash>.
1656 These things make C<defined %hash> fairly useless in practice.
1658 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in boolean
1659 context (see L<perldata/Scalar values>):
1665 If you had C<defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX> to check whether such a package
1666 variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and isn't
1667 a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or whether
1671 =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1674 (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The
1675 most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside
1676 of the C<....> part.
1678 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
1681 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1683 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1684 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1686 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1688 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1689 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1690 that triggers this error.
1692 =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
1694 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>. There
1695 has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
1696 not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
1697 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
1698 static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
1699 relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
1700 declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
1702 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1706 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1708 Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use C<state> variables to have
1709 lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>):
1711 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1713 =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1715 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
1716 just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather
1717 than to create a dangling reference.
1719 =item Did not produce a valid header
1723 =item %s did not return a true value
1725 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1726 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1727 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1728 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1730 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1732 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or
1735 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1737 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1738 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1741 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1743 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1744 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1749 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1750 you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty.
1752 =item Document contains no data
1756 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1758 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1759 define a C<$VERSION>.
1761 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1763 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1764 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1766 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1768 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1770 =item do_study: out of memory
1772 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1774 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1776 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
1777 "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1778 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1779 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1780 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1781 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1782 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1783 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1785 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1787 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1788 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1790 =item dump is not supported
1792 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1794 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1796 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1799 =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1801 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a
1802 type in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1804 =item elseif should be elsif
1806 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks
1807 it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method
1808 named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1809 unlikely to be what you want.
1811 =item Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1813 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1814 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1815 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1817 =item entering effective %s failed
1819 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1820 effective uids or gids failed.
1822 =item %ENV is aliased to %s
1824 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
1825 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
1826 program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1828 =item Error converting file specification %s
1830 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1831 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1832 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1833 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1834 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1836 =item Escape literal pattern white space under /x
1838 (D deprecated) You compiled a regular expression pattern with C</x> to
1839 ignore white space, and you used, as a literal, one of the characters
1840 that Perl plans to eventually treat as white space. The character must
1841 be escaped somehow, or it will work differently on a future Perl that
1842 does treat it as white space. The easiest way is to insert a backslash
1843 immediately before it, or to enclose it with square brackets. This
1844 change is to bring Perl into conformance with Unicode recommendations.
1845 Here are the five characters that generate this warning:
1847 U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK,
1848 U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK,
1849 U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR,
1851 U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR.
1853 =item Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1855 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1856 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1857 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1859 =item Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1861 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1862 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1863 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk,
1864 it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by using the
1865 C<re 'eval'> pragma or by explicitly building the pattern from an
1866 interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval(). See
1867 L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1869 =item Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1871 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1872 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1873 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1875 =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1878 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming
1879 any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed.
1881 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
1884 =item Excessively long <> operator
1886 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1887 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1888 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1889 variable and glob that.
1891 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1893 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented on some systems, e.g., Symbian
1894 OS. See L<perlport>.
1896 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
1898 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1900 =item Exiting eval via %s
1902 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1903 goto, or a loop control statement.
1905 =item Exiting format via %s
1907 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1908 goto, or a loop control statement.
1910 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1912 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1913 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1914 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1916 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1918 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1919 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1921 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1923 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1924 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1926 =item Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1928 (F) You wrote something like
1932 to denote a capturing group of the form
1933 L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>,
1934 but omitted the C<")">.
1936 =item Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1938 (F) The C<(?[...])> extended character class regular expression construct
1939 only allows character classes (including character class escapes like
1940 C<\d>), operators, and parentheses. The one exception is C<(?flags:...)>
1941 containing at least one flag and exactly one C<(?[...])> construct.
1942 This allows a regular expression containing just C<(?[...])> to be
1943 interpolated. If you see this error message, then you probably
1944 have some other C<(?...)> construct inside your character class. See
1945 L<perlrecharclass/Extended Bracketed Character Classes>.
1947 =item Experimental "%s" subs not enabled
1949 (F) To use lexical subs, you must first enable them:
1951 no warnings 'experimental::lexical_subs';
1952 use feature 'lexical_subs';
1955 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1957 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1958 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1959 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1960 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1962 =item %s: Expression syntax
1964 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1965 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1967 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1969 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
1970 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
1971 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
1973 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1975 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1976 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1977 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". In a C<(?[...])>
1978 construct, this is an error, rather than a warning. Consider quoting
1979 the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
1980 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1982 =item Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
1984 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1985 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1986 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1987 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1989 =item fcntl is not implemented
1991 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1992 PDP-11 or something?
1994 =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
1996 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which
1999 =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2001 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length indicator
2002 which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
2003 a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
2004 C<u63> as the format.
2006 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
2008 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
2009 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
2010 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
2011 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
2013 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
2015 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
2016 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
2017 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you intended only to
2018 read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>. Another possibility
2019 is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for
2020 output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
2022 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2024 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
2025 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
2028 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2030 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
2031 as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.
2033 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
2035 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
2036 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
2037 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
2040 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
2042 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
2043 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
2044 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
2047 =item Format not terminated
2049 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
2050 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2052 =item Format %s redefined
2054 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2057 no warnings 'redefine';
2058 eval "format NAME =...";
2061 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
2071 (or something like that).
2073 =item %s found where operator expected
2075 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
2076 If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
2077 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
2078 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
2080 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2082 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2084 =item gethostent not implemented
2086 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
2087 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
2090 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
2092 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
2093 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2095 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2097 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
2098 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
2100 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2102 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
2103 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2104 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
2106 =item given is experimental
2108 (S experimental::smartmatch) C<given> depends on smartmatch, which
2109 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed
2110 in any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2111 L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>.
2113 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
2115 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2116 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"),
2117 declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say
2118 which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2120 =item glob failed (%s)
2122 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used
2123 for C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a C<glob>
2124 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2125 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2126 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2127 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables
2128 in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as
2129 if it were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them
2130 all empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
2131 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
2132 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
2134 =item Glob not terminated
2136 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
2137 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
2138 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
2139 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
2141 =item gmtime(%f) too large
2143 (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was larger than
2144 it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong
2145 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
2146 not-a-number value).
2148 =item gmtime(%f) too small
2150 (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with a number that was smaller than
2151 it can reliably handle and C<gmtime> probably returned the wrong date.
2153 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
2155 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
2156 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2158 =item goto must have label
2160 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2161 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
2163 =item Goto undefined subroutine%s
2165 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with C<goto &sub> syntax, but
2166 the indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
2167 has since been undefined.
2169 =item Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked by
2172 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2173 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2174 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See L<perlre>.
2176 =item ()-group starts with a count
2178 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2179 something: a template character or a ()-group. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2181 =item %s had compilation errors.
2183 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
2185 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
2187 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
2188 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
2189 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2191 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
2193 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
2194 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
2196 =item %s has too many errors
2198 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
2199 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2201 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2203 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2204 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2205 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2207 =item Identifier too long
2209 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
2210 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
2211 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
2212 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
2214 =item Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2216 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes C<(\N{...})> may return a
2217 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character class
2218 its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has
2219 been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2221 =item Illegal binary digit %s
2223 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2225 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
2227 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
2228 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
2231 =item Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2233 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2234 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2235 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2236 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2238 =item Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2240 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2241 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
2242 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
2243 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
2244 to your Perl administrator.
2246 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2248 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.
2249 Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, \, and +.
2251 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2253 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
2254 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
2256 =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2258 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
2260 =item Illegal division by zero
2262 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
2263 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2266 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
2268 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
2269 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
2270 number stopped before the illegal character.
2272 =item Illegal modulus zero
2274 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2275 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2277 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
2279 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
2280 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2282 =item Illegal octal digit %s
2284 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2286 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
2288 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2289 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
2291 =item Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2293 (F) You wrote something like
2297 The C<"+"> is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2298 capturing group. See
2299 L<C<(?I<PARNO>)>|perlre/(?PARNO) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) (?R) (?0)>.
2301 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2303 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2304 following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>.
2306 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2308 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
2309 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
2310 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
2312 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2314 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
2315 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
2316 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
2319 =item (in cleanup) %s
2321 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
2322 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
2323 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
2324 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
2325 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
2327 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
2328 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
2330 =item Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2332 (F) There was a syntax error within the C<(?[ ])>. This can happen if the
2333 expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if there are
2334 too many or few operands for the number of operators. Perl is not smart
2335 enough to give you a more precise indication as to what is wrong.
2337 =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2340 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2341 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3
2342 documentation in L<mro> for more information.
2344 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
2346 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
2347 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
2348 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
2350 =item Infinite recursion in regex
2352 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input
2353 text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns
2354 either consume text or fail.
2356 =item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden
2358 (F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the
2359 initialization of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write
2360 C<state ($a) = 42> as C<state $a = 42> to change from list to scalar
2361 context. Constructions such as C<state (@a) = foo()> will be
2362 supported in a future perl release.
2364 =item Insecure dependency in %s
2366 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
2367 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
2368 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
2369 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
2370 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
2371 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
2372 L<perlsec> for more information.
2374 =item Insecure directory in %s
2376 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2377 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
2378 the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
2381 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2383 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2384 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
2385 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
2386 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
2387 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
2389 =item Insecure user-defined property %s
2391 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2392 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character property
2393 function, i.e. C<\p{IsFoo}> or C<\p{InFoo}>.
2394 See L<perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties> and L<perlsec>.
2396 =item In '(?...)', splitting the initial '(?' is deprecated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2398 (D regexp, deprecated) The two-character sequence C<"(?"> in
2399 this context in a regular expression pattern should be an
2400 indivisible token, with nothing intervening between the C<"(">
2401 and the C<"?">, but you separated them. Due to an accident of
2402 implementation, this prohibition was not enforced, but we do
2403 plan to forbid it in a future Perl version. This message
2404 serves as giving you fair warning of this pending change.
2406 =item Integer overflow in format string for %s
2408 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()>
2409 or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of
2410 integers for your architecture.
2412 =item Integer overflow in %s number
2414 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
2415 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
2416 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
2417 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
2418 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
2419 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
2420 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
2421 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
2424 =item Integer overflow in srand
2426 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2427 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2428 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2429 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2430 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2431 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2433 =item Integer overflow in version
2435 =item Integer overflow in version %d
2437 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for
2438 the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
2439 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use an
2440 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by trying
2441 to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like 100/9.
2443 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2445 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2446 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2449 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2451 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
2452 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
2453 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
2454 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
2455 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
2456 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
2458 =item internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2460 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles C<printf> and C<sprintf>
2461 formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when called from
2462 C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of digits followed
2463 by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use. If you see this
2464 message, then an XS module tried to call that routine with one such
2467 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2469 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
2470 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2473 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
2475 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
2476 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
2477 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2478 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
2480 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
2482 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
2483 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2485 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
2487 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2488 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2490 =item Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in '%s
2492 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2493 the C<:alias> option to C<use charnames> and the specified character in
2494 the indicated name isn't valid. See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
2496 =item Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2498 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2499 indicated one isn't. See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
2501 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2503 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
2504 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
2506 =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2509 (W regexp) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256
2510 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2511 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma.
2512 The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead.
2513 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2514 escape was discovered.
2516 =item Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2518 =item Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2521 (F) The character constant represented by C<...> is not a valid hexadecimal
2522 number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a character other than
2523 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2525 =item Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2527 (F) The module argument to perl's B<-m> and B<-M> command-line options
2528 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2529 arguments after "=". In other words, B<-MFoo::Bar=:baz> is ok, but
2530 B<-MFoo:Bar=baz> is not.
2532 =item Invalid mro name: '%s'
2534 (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")> or C<use mro 'foo'>,
2535 where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO). Currently,
2536 the only valid ones supported are C<dfs> and C<c3>, unless you have loaded
2537 a module that is a MRO plugin. See L<mro> and L<perlmroapi>.
2539 =item Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2541 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to C<chr>. Negative numbers are
2542 not valid characters numbers, so it return the Unicode replacement
2545 =item invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2547 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call perl
2548 with the B<-D> option with no flags to see the list of acceptable values.
2549 See also L<perlrun/-Dletters>.
2551 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2553 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
2554 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
2555 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
2556 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2557 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2559 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2561 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2562 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
2564 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2566 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2567 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2568 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2571 =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2573 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other
2574 than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2575 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2576 list was terminated too soon.
2578 =item Invalid strict version format (%s)
2580 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for versions.
2581 A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2582 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2583 v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least three components.
2584 The parenthesized text indicates which criteria were not met.
2585 See the L<version> module for more details on allowed version formats.
2587 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
2589 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
2590 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2592 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
2595 =item Invalid version format (%s)
2597 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2598 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2599 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2600 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it
2601 must have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2602 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2603 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2604 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2605 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the L<version> module
2606 for more details on allowed version formats.
2608 =item Invalid version object
2610 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2611 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or
2612 an arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2614 =item In '(*VERB...)', splitting the initial '(*' is deprecated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2616 (D regexp, deprecated) The two-character sequence C<"(*"> in
2617 this context in a regular expression pattern should be an
2618 indivisible token, with nothing intervening between the C<"(">
2619 and the C<"*">, but you separated them. Due to an accident of
2620 implementation, this prohibition was not enforced, but we do
2621 plan to forbid it in a future Perl version. This message
2622 serves as giving you fair warning of this pending change.
2624 =item ioctl is not implemented
2626 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
2627 strange for a machine that supports C.
2629 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
2631 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
2632 Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2634 =item IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2636 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2637 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2640 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2642 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2643 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2645 =item $* is no longer supported
2647 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older
2648 perls, has been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In
2649 previous versions of perl the use of C<$*> enabled or disabled multi-line
2650 matching within a string.
2652 Instead of using C<$*> you should use the C</m> (and maybe C</s>) regexp
2653 modifiers. You can enable C</m> for a lexical scope (even a whole file)
2654 with C<use re '/m'>. (In older versions: when C<$*> was set to a true value
2655 then all regular expressions behaved as if they were written using C</m>.)
2657 =item $# is no longer supported
2659 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older
2660 perls, has been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You
2661 should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2663 =item '%s' is not a code reference
2665 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2666 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either
2667 an anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2669 =item '%s' is not an overloadable type
2671 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
2674 =item -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2676 (S inplace) The C<-i> option was passed on the command line, indicating
2677 that the script is intended to edit files in place, but no files were
2678 given. This is usually a mistake, since editing STDIN in place doesn't
2679 make sense, and can be confusing because it can make perl look like
2680 it is hanging when it is really just trying to read from STDIN. You
2681 should either pass a filename to edit, or remove C<-i> from the command
2682 line. See L<perlrun> for more details.
2684 =item Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2686 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2688 =item Label not found for "last %s"
2690 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
2691 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2694 =item Label not found for "next %s"
2696 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
2697 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2700 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
2702 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
2703 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2706 =item leaving effective %s failed
2708 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
2709 effective uids or gids failed.
2711 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
2713 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
2714 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
2715 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2717 =item length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
2719 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
2720 probably wanted a count of the items.
2722 Array size can be obtained by doing:
2726 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
2730 =item Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2732 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse
2733 (using L<lex_stuff_pvn|perlapi/lex_stuff_pvn> or similar), but tried to insert a character that
2734 couldn't be part of the current input. This is an inherent pitfall
2735 of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons to avoid it. Where
2736 it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain ASCII is recommended.
2738 =item Lexing code internal error (%s)
2740 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API in a
2743 =item listen() on closed socket %s
2745 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
2746 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2749 =item List form of piped open not implemented
2751 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
2752 form of C<open> does not support pipes, such as C<open($pipe, '|-', @args)>.
2753 Use the two-argument C<open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')> form instead.
2755 =item localtime(%f) too large
2757 (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was larger
2758 than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the
2759 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
2760 not-a-number value).
2762 =item localtime(%f) too small
2764 (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with a number that was smaller
2765 than it can reliably handle and C<localtime> probably returned the
2768 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
2770 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
2771 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release.
2773 =item Lost precision when %s %f by 1
2775 (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one
2776 is too large for the underlying floating point representation to store
2777 accurately, hence the target of C<++> or C<--> is unchanged. Perl issues this
2778 warning because it has already switched from integers to floating point
2779 when values are too large for integers, and now even floating point is
2780 insufficient. You may wish to switch to using L<Math::BigInt> explicitly.
2782 =item lstat() on filehandle%s
2784 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
2785 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
2786 instead on the filehandle.)
2788 =item lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
2790 (W misc) Although L<attributes.pm|attributes> allows this, turning the lvalue
2791 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
2792 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you
2793 want, depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact
2794 details subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this
2795 if you really know what you are doing.
2797 =item lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
2799 (W misc) Using the C<:lvalue> declarative syntax to make a Perl
2800 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is
2801 not permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine,
2802 add the lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the C<sub
2803 foo :lvalue;> declaration before the definition.
2805 See also L<attributes.pm|attributes>.
2807 =item Magical list constants are not supported
2809 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
2810 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to do
2811 something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl versions.
2813 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
2815 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2816 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2818 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2820 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2821 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2823 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2825 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2832 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2833 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2834 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2835 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2837 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2839 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2840 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2841 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2842 when the function is called.
2844 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2846 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8
2847 encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on.
2849 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that
2850 you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy
2851 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8.
2853 If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte
2854 sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is
2855 set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error
2858 See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">.
2860 =item Malformed UTF-8 character immediately after '%s'
2862 (F) You said C<use utf8>, but the program file doesn't comply with UTF-8
2863 encoding rules. The message prints out the properly encoded characters
2864 just before the first bad one. If C<utf8> warnings are enabled, a
2865 warning is generated that gives more details about the type of
2868 =item Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
2870 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
2872 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
2874 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2875 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2877 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
2879 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2880 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2882 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
2884 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2885 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2887 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2889 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2890 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2892 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2894 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2895 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2896 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2899 =item Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
2901 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
2902 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals
2903 too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from
2904 resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals
2905 safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.)
2907 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2909 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2910 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2913 =item '%' may not be used in pack
2915 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2916 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2917 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2919 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2921 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2922 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2924 =item Method %s not permitted
2928 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2930 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2931 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2932 ended earlier on the current line.
2934 =item Misplaced _ in number
2936 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2937 separate two digits.
2939 =item Missing argument in %s
2941 (W uninitialized) A printf-type format required more arguments than were
2944 =item Missing argument to -%c
2946 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2947 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2949 =item Missing braces on \N{}
2951 =item Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2953 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2954 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
2955 (or comment) between the C<\N> and the C<{> in a regex with the C</x> modifier.
2956 This modifier does not change the requirement that the brace immediately
2959 =item Missing braces on \o{}
2961 (F) A C<\o> must be followed immediately by a C<{> in double-quotish context.
2963 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2965 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2966 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2968 =item Missing command in piped open
2970 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2971 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2974 =item Missing control char name in \c
2976 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2979 =item Missing name in "%s sub"
2981 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2982 they have a name with which they can be found.
2984 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2986 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2987 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2988 can vary from one line to the next.
2990 =item Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
2992 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with C<[> but never closed with
2995 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2997 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2998 "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
3000 =item Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3002 (F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}>, C<\P{...}>, or C<\N{...}>.
3004 =item Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3006 (F) C<\N> has two meanings.
3008 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3009 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3010 name. Thus C<\N{ASTERISK}> is another way of writing C<*>, valid in both
3011 double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In patterns,
3012 it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped C<*> does.
3014 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, C<\N> also can have an additional meaning (only)
3015 in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This is short
3016 for C<[^\n]>, and like C<.> but is not affected by the C</s> regex modifier.)
3018 This can lead to some ambiguities. When C<\N> is not followed immediately
3019 by a left brace, Perl assumes the C<[^\n]> meaning. Also, if the braces
3020 form a valid quantifier such as C<\N{3}> or C<\N{5,}>, Perl assumes that this
3021 means to match the given quantity of non-newlines (in these examples,
3022 3; and 5 or more, respectively). In all other case, where there is a
3023 C<\N{> and a matching C<}>, Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3025 However, if there is no matching C<}>, Perl doesn't know if it was
3026 mistakenly omitted, or if C<[^\n]{> was desired, and raises this error.
3027 If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant the latter,
3028 escape the brace with a backslash, like so: C<\N\{>
3030 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
3032 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
3033 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
3036 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3038 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
3039 "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
3040 the previous line just because you saw this message.
3042 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
3044 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3045 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3046 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3048 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3051 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
3053 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
3054 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
3057 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3058 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3061 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3063 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3064 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
3067 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3069 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3070 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3072 =item Module name must be constant
3074 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
3076 =item Module name required with -%c option
3078 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
3079 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
3080 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
3082 =item More than one argument to '%s' open
3084 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
3085 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
3086 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
3087 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
3089 =item mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3091 =item mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3093 (S) You compiled perl with B<-D>PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3094 L<perlhacktips>), but an op tree could not be made read-only, or a
3095 read-only op tree could not be made mutable before freeing the ops.
3097 =item msg%s not implemented
3099 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3101 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3103 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
3104 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
3106 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3108 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
3109 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3110 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3112 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
3114 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
3117 =item "my %s" used in sort comparison
3119 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons.
3120 You used $a or $b in as an operand to the C<< <=> >> or C<cmp> operator inside a
3121 sort comparison block, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
3122 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the package
3123 name, or rename the lexical variable.
3125 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3127 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
3128 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
3129 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3131 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3133 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
3134 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
3135 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is provided
3138 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
3139 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
3140 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
3141 will not trigger this warning. Symbols beginning with an underscore and
3142 symbols using special identifiers (q.v. L<perldata>) are exempt from this
3145 =item Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3147 (F) Within S<C<(?[ ])>>, all constants interpreted as octal need to be
3148 exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If your
3149 constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3151 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3152 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3153 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3155 The maximum number this construct can express is C<\777>. If you
3156 need a larger one, you need to use L<\o{}|perlrebackslash/Octal escapes> instead. If you meant
3157 two separate things, you need to separate them:
3159 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3160 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3161 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3162 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3164 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
3166 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
3167 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3169 =item Negative length
3171 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3172 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3174 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3176 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
3177 greater than or equal to zero.
3179 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3181 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses.
3182 So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows
3183 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
3185 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
3186 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
3188 =item %s never introduced
3190 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
3191 scope before it could possibly have been used.
3193 =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3195 (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a
3196 real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3199 =item \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3200 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3202 (F) The new (5.12) meaning of C<\N> as C<[^\n]> is not valid in
3203 a bracketed character class, for the same reason that C<.> in
3204 a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3205 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3207 =item \N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3209 (F) When compiling a regex pattern, an unresolved named character or
3210 sequence was encountered. This can happen in any of several ways that
3211 bypass the lexer, such as using single-quotish context, or an extra
3212 backslash in double-quotish:
3214 $re = '\N{SPACE}'; # Wrong!
3215 $re = "\\N{SPACE}"; # Wrong!
3218 Instead, use double-quotes with a single backslash:
3220 $re = "\N{SPACE}"; # ok
3223 The lexer can be bypassed as well by creating the pattern from smaller
3227 /${re}{SPACE}/; # Wrong!
3229 It's not a good idea to split a construct in the middle like this, and
3230 it doesn't work here. Instead use the solution above.
3232 Finally, the message also can happen under the C</x> regex modifier when the
3233 C<\N> is separated by spaces from the C<{>, in which case, remove the spaces.
3235 /\N {SPACE}/x; # Wrong!
3238 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
3240 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
3241 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
3242 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
3243 securable. See L<perlsec>.
3245 =item No code specified for -%c
3247 (F) Perl's B<-e> and B<-E> command-line options require an argument. If
3248 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a separate
3249 argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3255 =item No comma allowed after %s
3257 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3258 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
3259 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3261 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported
3262 a constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
3263 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3264 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did
3265 use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to see;
3266 please see L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an
3267 explicit import list would probably have caught this error earlier
3268 it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating system
3269 still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo in
3270 the constants of the symbol import list of B<use> or B<import> or in the
3271 constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3273 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
3275 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3276 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3277 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3279 =item No DB::DB routine defined
3281 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
3282 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
3283 module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
3286 =item No dbm on this machine
3288 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
3289 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
3291 =item No DB::sub routine defined
3293 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
3294 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
3295 module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning
3296 of each ordinary subroutine call.
3298 =item No directory specified for -I
3300 (F) The B<-I> command-line switch requires a directory name as part of the
3301 I<same> argument. Use B<-Ilib>, for instance. B<-I lib> won't work.
3303 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3305 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3306 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
3307 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
3309 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
3311 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3312 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3314 =item No input file after < on command line
3316 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3317 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
3318 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3320 =item No next::method '%s' found for %s
3322 (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name
3323 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want
3324 it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method>
3325 or C<next::can>. See L<mro>.
3327 =item Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3329 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character where
3330 a hex one was expected, like
3335 =item Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3337 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3338 an octal one was expected, like
3342 =item Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as "%s"
3344 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3345 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value
3348 =item "no" not allowed in expression
3350 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
3351 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
3353 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
3355 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().
3356 Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
3357 select. See L<perlfunc/select>.
3359 =item No output file after > on command line
3361 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3362 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
3363 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3365 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
3367 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3368 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
3369 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
3371 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3373 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
3374 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
3375 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3377 =item No Perl script found in input
3379 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
3380 with #! and containing the word "perl".
3382 =item No setregid available
3384 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
3387 =item No setreuid available
3389 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
3392 =item No such class %s
3394 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3395 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
3397 =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3399 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed
3400 variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type.
3401 The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the
3404 =item No such hook: %s
3406 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3407 Currently, Perl accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks.
3409 =item No such pipe open
3411 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
3412 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
3413 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3415 =item No such signal: SIG%s
3417 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
3418 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
3419 names on your system.
3421 =item Not a CODE reference
3423 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
3424 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
3425 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
3428 =item Not a GLOB reference
3430 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
3431 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
3432 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
3433 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
3435 =item Not a HASH reference
3437 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
3438 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
3439 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
3441 =item Not an ARRAY reference
3443 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
3444 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
3445 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
3447 =item Not an unblessed ARRAY reference
3449 (F) You passed a reference to a blessed array to C<push>, C<shift> or
3450 another array function. These only accept unblessed array references
3451 or arrays beginning explicitly with C<@>.
3453 =item Not a SCALAR reference
3455 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
3456 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
3457 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
3459 =item Not a subroutine reference
3461 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
3462 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
3463 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
3466 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3468 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
3469 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
3471 =item Not enough arguments for %s
3473 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3475 =item Not enough format arguments
3477 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
3478 supplied. See L<perlform>.
3482 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
3483 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3486 =item (?[...]) not valid in locale in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3488 (F) C<(?[...])> cannot be used within the scope of a C<S<use locale>> or with
3489 an C</l> regular expression modifier, as that would require deferring
3490 to run-time the calculation of what it should evaluate to, and it is
3491 regex compile-time only.
3493 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3495 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3496 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
3497 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3498 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
3499 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3501 =item Null filename used
3503 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
3504 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
3506 =item NULL OP IN RUN
3508 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3511 =item Null picture in formline
3513 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3514 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3515 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
3519 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3521 =item NULL regexp argument
3523 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3525 =item NULL regexp parameter
3527 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3529 =item Number too long
3531 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
3532 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3533 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
3534 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
3537 =item Number with no digits
3539 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked like
3540 a number. This happens, for example with C<\o{}>, with no number between
3543 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3545 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3546 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3547 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
3549 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3551 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
3552 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
3554 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
3556 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
3557 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3559 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
3561 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
3562 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3564 =item Offset outside string
3566 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
3567 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
3568 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
3569 take place when going past the end of the string when either
3570 C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened
3571 for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour
3574 =item %s() on unopened %s
3576 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
3577 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
3578 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
3580 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
3582 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
3583 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
3587 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3591 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3593 =item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file
3595 (D io, deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to
3596 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle.
3597 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
3600 =item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
3602 (D io, deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to
3603 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle.
3604 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
3607 =item Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3609 (F) You wrote something like
3611 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
3613 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to combine
3616 =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s
3618 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
3619 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
3620 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
3621 the C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
3623 =item Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
3625 (S utf8, non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode
3626 semantics on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do
3627 is not defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
3629 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
3630 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
3632 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
3633 C<no warnings 'non_unicode';>.
3635 =item Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
3637 (S utf8, surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode
3638 semantics on a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of
3639 surrogates for anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but semantics
3640 are (reluctantly) defined for the surrogates, and they are to do
3641 nothing for this operation. Because the use of surrogates can be
3642 dangerous, Perl warns.
3644 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
3645 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
3647 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
3648 C<no warnings 'surrogate';>.
3650 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
3652 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
3653 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
3654 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
3655 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
3658 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
3660 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
3661 in the current lexical scope.
3663 =item Out of memory!
3665 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
3666 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
3667 no option but to exit immediately.
3669 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
3670 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
3671 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
3672 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
3673 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
3675 =item Out of memory during %s extend
3677 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
3678 the largest possible memory allocation.
3680 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
3682 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
3683 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
3684 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
3685 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
3687 =item Out of memory during request for %s
3689 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
3690 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
3693 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
3694 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
3695 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
3696 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
3697 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
3698 where the failed request happened.
3700 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
3702 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
3703 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
3704 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
3706 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
3708 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
3709 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
3712 =item '.' outside of string in pack
3714 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
3715 position to before the start of the packed string being built.
3717 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
3719 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3720 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3722 =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
3724 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3725 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
3726 UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3728 =item overload arg '%s' is invalid
3730 (W overload) The L<overload> pragma was passed an argument it did not
3731 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
3733 =item Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
3735 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was dereferenced,
3736 but the overloaded operation did not return a reference. See
3739 =item Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
3741 (F) An object with a C<qr> overload was used as part of a match, but the
3742 overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See L<overload>.
3744 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
3746 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
3747 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
3748 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
3749 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
3751 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
3753 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
3754 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3758 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
3759 page. See L<perlform>.
3763 (P) An internal error.
3765 =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s
3767 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
3768 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
3769 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
3770 enter this branch on this platform.
3772 =item panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
3774 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on Windows
3775 was not scheduled within the time period allowed and therefore was not
3776 able to initialize properly.
3778 =item panic: ck_grep, type=%u
3780 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
3782 =item panic: ck_split, type=%u
3784 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
3786 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
3788 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
3789 there are in the savestack.
3791 =item panic: del_backref
3793 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
3798 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
3799 it wasn't an eval context.
3801 =item panic: do_subst
3803 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
3806 =item panic: do_trans_%s
3808 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
3811 =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
3813 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval>
3818 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
3820 =item panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
3822 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
3823 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
3825 =item panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
3827 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
3828 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
3829 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
3830 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
3832 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
3834 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
3836 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
3838 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
3840 =item panic: kid popen errno read
3842 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
3844 =item panic: last, type=%u
3846 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
3847 it wasn't a block context.
3849 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
3851 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
3854 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
3856 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
3857 invalid enum on the top of it.
3859 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
3861 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
3862 references to an object.
3864 =item panic: malloc, %s
3866 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
3868 =item panic: memory wrap
3870 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
3872 =item panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
3874 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3875 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3877 =item panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
3879 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3880 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3882 =item panic: pad_free po
3884 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3886 =item panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
3888 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3889 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3891 =item panic: pad_sv po
3893 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3895 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
3897 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3898 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3900 =item panic: pad_swipe po
3902 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3904 =item panic: pp_iter, type=%u
3906 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
3908 =item panic: pp_match%s
3910 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
3913 =item panic: pp_split, pm=%p, s=%p
3915 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
3917 =item panic: realloc, %s
3919 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
3921 =item panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
3923 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
3924 reference count other than 1.
3926 =item panic: restartop in %s
3928 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
3929 didn't supply the destination.
3931 =item panic: return, type=%u
3933 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
3934 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
3936 =item panic: scan_num, %s
3938 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
3940 =item panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found
3942 (P) while compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{}) code
3943 blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have already been
3944 seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the regex compiler.
3946 =item panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
3948 (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm() failed.
3949 In your current locale the returned transformation of the string "ab"
3950 is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no sense.
3952 =item panic: sv_chop %s
3954 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the
3955 scalar's string buffer.
3957 =item panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
3959 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
3962 =item panic: top_env
3964 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
3966 =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
3968 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't
3969 permitted at run time.
3971 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
3973 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
3974 to even) byte length.
3976 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
3978 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as opposed
3979 to even) byte length.
3981 =item panic: yylex, %s
3983 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
3985 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
3987 (W parenthesis) You said something like
3993 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
3995 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma.
3997 =item Parsing code internal error (%s)
3999 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API in
4002 =item Passing malformed UTF-8 to "%s" is deprecated
4004 (D deprecated, utf8) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl
4005 core or in XS code. Such code was trying to find out if a character,
4006 allegedly stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such
4007 as being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
4008 legal UTF-8. The C<%s> is replaced by a string that can be used by
4009 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked against
4010 was. If C<utf8> warnings are enabled, a further message is raised,
4011 giving details of the malformation.
4013 =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4015 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without
4016 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before
4017 the nesting limit is exceeded.
4019 =item C<-p> destination: %s
4021 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
4022 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
4023 redirected it with select().)
4025 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
4027 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
4028 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
4029 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
4031 =item Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4032 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4034 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive matching,
4035 and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular expression
4036 folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to incorrect results.
4037 Please report this as a bug using the L<perlbug> utility.
4039 =item Perl_my_%s() not available
4041 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
4042 so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4043 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4044 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4046 =item Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4048 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4049 Perl than you are running. Perhaps C<use 5.10> was written instead
4050 of C<use 5.010> or C<use v5.10>. Without the leading C<v>, the number is
4051 interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4052 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4053 is equivalent to v5.100.
4055 =item Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4057 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4058 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
4059 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
4061 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
4063 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
4064 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
4066 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4068 (X) See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
4070 =item Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4072 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run
4073 on the version of Perl you are using because it is too new.
4074 Maybe the code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply
4075 wrong and the version check should just be removed.
4077 =item perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only partially set
4079 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but it
4080 contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not using the
4081 hash seed you think you are.
4083 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4085 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4087 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4088 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4091 are supported and installed on your system.
4092 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4094 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
4095 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
4096 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
4097 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
4098 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
4099 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
4100 Perl can and will use, and the script will be run. Before you really
4101 fix the problem, however, you will get the same error message each
4102 time you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
4103 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
4105 =item perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4107 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS defined
4108 but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of this setting
4111 Numeric | String | Result
4112 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4113 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4114 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4115 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4118 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string values are
4119 case sensitive. The default for this setting is "RANDOM" or 1.
4121 =item pid %x not a child
4123 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
4124 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
4125 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
4127 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4129 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4131 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4133 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
4134 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4135 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
4136 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
4137 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
4139 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4141 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
4142 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4144 =item POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by
4147 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
4148 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4149 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
4150 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and
4151 will cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
4152 expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4154 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by
4157 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
4158 with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
4159 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
4160 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[."
4161 and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4162 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4164 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by
4167 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
4168 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
4169 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
4170 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
4171 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4172 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4174 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4176 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
4177 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
4178 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
4179 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
4181 You probably wrote something like this:
4188 when you should have written this:
4195 If you really want comments, build your list the
4196 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
4200 'b', # another comment
4203 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4205 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4206 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4207 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4210 You probably wrote something like this:
4214 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
4215 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4219 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4221 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
4222 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
4223 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
4224 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
4226 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
4228 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
4229 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4231 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4233 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
4234 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
4235 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
4236 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
4238 =item Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4240 (W ambiguous) You said something like C<m/$\/> in a regex.
4241 The regex C<m/foo$\s+bar/m> translates to: match the word 'foo', the output
4242 record separator (see L<perlvar/$\>) and the letter 's' (one time or more)
4243 followed by the word 'bar'.
4245 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using
4246 C<m/${\}/> (for example: C<m/foo${\}s+bar/>).
4248 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line
4249 followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use
4250 C<m/$(?)\/> (for example: C<m/foo$(?)\s+bar/>).
4252 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4254 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted string
4255 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
4256 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
4257 to the array you apparently lost track of.
4259 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4261 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4265 is now misinterpreted as
4269 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
4270 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
4271 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
4274 =item Premature end of script headers
4278 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
4280 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4281 before now. Check your control flow.
4283 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
4285 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
4286 before now. Check your control flow.
4288 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
4290 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
4291 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
4292 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
4293 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
4296 =item Property '%s' is unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4298 (F) The named property which you specified via C<\p> or C<\P> is not one
4299 known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
4300 L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>
4301 for a complete list of available official
4302 properties. If it is a L<user-defined property|perlunicode/User-Defined Character Properties>
4303 it must have been defined by the time the regular expression is
4306 =item Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4308 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is
4309 useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments.
4311 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4313 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
4314 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
4316 =item Prototype not terminated
4318 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4321 =item \p{} uses Unicode rules, not locale rules
4323 (W) You compiled a regular expression that contained a Unicode property
4324 match (C<\p> or C<\P>), but the regular expression is also being told to
4325 use the run-time locale, not Unicode. Instead, use a POSIX character
4326 class, which should know about the locale's rules.
4327 (See L<perlrecharclass/POSIX Character Classes>.)
4329 Even if the run-time locale is ISO 8859-1 (Latin1), which is a subset of
4330 Unicode, some properties will give results that are not valid for that
4333 Here are a couple of examples to help you see what's going on. If the
4334 locale is ISO 8859-7, the character at code point 0xD7 is the "GREEK
4335 CAPITAL LETTER CHI". But in Unicode that code point means the
4336 "MULTIPLICATION SIGN" instead, and C<\p> always uses the Unicode
4337 meaning. That means that C<\p{Alpha}> won't match, but C<[[:alpha:]]>
4338 should. Only in the Latin1 locale are all the characters in the same
4339 positions as they are in Unicode. But, even here, some properties give
4340 incorrect results. An example is C<\p{Changes_When_Uppercased}> which
4341 is true for "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS", but since the upper
4342 case of that character is not in Latin1, in that locale it doesn't
4343 change when upper cased.
4345 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4347 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if
4348 you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
4349 expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4351 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4353 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of
4354 the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
4355 expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4357 =item Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4359 =item Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4361 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you really
4362 want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4364 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex; marked by <--
4367 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
4368 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
4369 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
4370 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
4371 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
4373 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
4376 =item Range iterator outside integer range
4378 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
4379 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
4380 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
4381 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4383 =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4385 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really
4386 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4388 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
4390 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
4391 before now. Check your control flow.
4393 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
4395 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4397 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
4399 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
4401 =item Reallocation too large: %x
4403 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4405 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
4407 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
4410 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
4412 (S debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
4413 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
4414 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4416 =item Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4418 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating
4419 a filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with C<open my
4420 $fh, '<', \$scalar>, which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try
4421 loading PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4423 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4425 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl
4426 believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a
4427 crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth.
4429 =item refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4431 =item refcnt: fd %d%s
4433 =item refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4435 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check. If
4436 you see this message, something is very wrong.
4438 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
4440 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
4441 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This
4442 usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant
4443 to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
4445 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4446 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4447 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4448 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4450 =item Reference is already weak
4452 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
4453 Doing so has no effect.
4455 =item Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4457 (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer
4458 to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4459 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative
4460 backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4462 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4464 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
4465 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If
4466 you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7 inserted into the regular
4467 expression, prepend zeroes to make it three digits long: C<\007>
4469 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
4472 =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4474 (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular
4475 expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses
4476 such as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<< (?<NAME>...) >>. Check if the name has been
4477 spelled correctly both in the backreference and the declaration.
4479 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
4482 =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4485 (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there
4486 are not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the
4487 expression before where the C<\g{-7}> was located.
4489 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
4492 =item regexp memory corruption
4494 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4495 expression compiler gave it.
4497 =item Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4499 =item Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4501 (F syntax, regexp) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences
4502 of the specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4504 =item Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by <--
4507 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning on
4508 another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the regular
4509 expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and place it before
4510 the minus), instead of the one you want to turn off.
4512 =item Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4514 (F syntax, regexp) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4515 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4516 supposed to be there.
4518 =item Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4520 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
4523 =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4525 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4526 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4527 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>.
4529 =item Replacement list is longer than search list
4531 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4532 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4535 =item '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4537 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like C<\08>, or C<\179> in a
4538 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a single
4539 character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next character in
4540 the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you want, you can use
4541 the C<\o{ }> syntax, or use exactly three digits to specify the octal
4544 =item Reversed %s= operator
4546 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
4547 always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
4549 =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4551 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed or not
4552 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4554 =item Scalars leaked: %d
4556 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping
4557 of scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time
4558 Perl exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which
4559 is of course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be
4562 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4564 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4565 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
4566 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
4567 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
4568 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
4569 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
4570 if you're expecting only one subscript.
4572 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4573 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
4574 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
4577 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4579 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
4580 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
4581 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
4582 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
4583 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
4584 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
4585 if you're expecting only one subscript.
4587 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
4588 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
4589 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
4592 =item Search pattern not terminated
4594 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4595 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4596 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
4598 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
4599 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
4600 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
4601 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
4603 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
4605 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
4608 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
4609 C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
4610 parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
4611 the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
4613 =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4615 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not
4616 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4618 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4620 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4621 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
4623 =item select not implemented
4625 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
4627 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
4629 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
4630 the current implementation.
4632 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
4634 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
4635 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
4637 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
4639 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
4640 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
4642 =item sem%s not implemented
4644 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
4646 =item send() on closed socket %s
4648 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
4649 before now. Check your control flow.
4651 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4653 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The
4654 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
4655 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4657 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4659 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved
4660 but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
4661 regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4663 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4665 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
4666 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
4667 discovered. This happens when using the C<(?^...)> construct to tell
4668 Perl to use the default regular expression modifiers, and you
4669 redundantly specify a default modifier. For other
4670 causes, see L<perlre>.
4672 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
4674 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
4675 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See
4678 =item Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4680 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape
4681 sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written.
4683 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
4685 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
4686 followed immediately by a ')'.
4688 =item Server error (a.k.a. "500 Server error")
4690 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
4691 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
4692 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
4693 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method (something)
4694 not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature end of script
4695 headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
4697 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
4699 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
4700 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
4701 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
4702 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't
4703 in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or
4704 less. Please see the following for more information:
4706 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
4707 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
4708 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
4710 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
4712 =item setegid() not implemented
4714 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
4715 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
4718 =item seteuid() not implemented
4720 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
4721 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
4724 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
4726 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
4727 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
4730 =item setrgid() not implemented
4732 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
4733 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
4736 =item setruid() not implemented
4738 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
4739 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
4742 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
4744 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
4745 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
4746 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
4748 =item shm%s not implemented
4750 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
4752 =item !=~ should be !~
4754 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
4755 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
4756 operators: probably not what you intended.
4758 =item <> should be quotes
4760 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
4763 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
4765 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
4766 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
4767 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
4768 probably not what you had in mind.
4770 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
4772 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
4775 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
4777 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
4778 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
4780 =item Slab leaked from cv %p
4782 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with the
4783 internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be freed after
4784 a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was leaked instead.
4786 =item sleep(%u) too large
4788 (W overflow) You called C<sleep> with a number that was larger than
4789 it can reliably handle and C<sleep> probably slept for less time than
4792 =item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
4794 (F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not
4795 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
4796 for the smart match.
4798 =item Smartmatch is experimental
4800 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you
4801 use the smartmatch (C<~~>) operator. This is currently an experimental
4802 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases of
4803 Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
4804 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
4807 =item sort is now a reserved word
4809 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
4810 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
4812 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
4814 (F) A sort comparison subroutine written in XS must return exactly one
4815 item. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4817 =item Source filters apply only to byte streams
4819 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
4820 source filter module) within a string passed to C<eval>. This is
4821 not permitted under the C<unicode_eval> feature. Consider using
4822 C<evalbytes> instead. See L<feature>.
4824 =item splice() offset past end of array
4826 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
4827 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the
4828 end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want,
4829 try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset.
4830 See L<perlfunc/splice>.
4834 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
4835 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
4836 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
4838 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
4840 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
4841 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
4842 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
4843 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
4846 =item "state %s" used in sort comparison
4848 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort comparisons.
4849 You used $a or $b in as an operand to the C<< <=> >> or C<cmp> operator inside a
4850 sort comparison block, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
4851 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the package
4852 name, or rename the lexical variable.
4854 =item "state" variable %s can't be in a package
4856 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
4857 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
4858 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
4860 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
4862 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
4863 was either never opened or has since been closed.
4865 =item Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory file handles
4867 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or append
4868 where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory files
4869 model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
4871 =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
4873 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
4874 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
4875 C<can> may break this.
4877 =item Subroutine "&%s" is not available
4879 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
4880 attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not currently
4881 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the lexical
4882 subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not
4883 yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at compile time,
4884 while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For example,
4886 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
4888 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current the "a" sub,
4889 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, the
4890 following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by now
4891 been created and is live:
4893 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
4895 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
4896 gone out of scope, for example,
4904 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently
4905 being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
4907 =item "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4909 (W misc) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
4910 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
4911 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error.
4912 Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the end of
4913 the scope or until all closure references to it are destroyed.
4915 =item Subroutine %s redefined
4917 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
4920 no warnings 'redefine';
4921 eval "sub name { ... }";
4924 =item Substitution loop
4926 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
4927 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
4928 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
4929 L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">.
4931 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
4933 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
4934 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4935 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
4937 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
4939 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
4940 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4941 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
4943 =item substr outside of string
4945 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
4946 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
4947 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
4948 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
4949 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
4951 =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
4953 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was actually
4954 inferior to its current type.
4956 =item SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref
4958 (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up
4961 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
4964 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most
4965 two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or
4966 both to contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose
4967 it in clustering parentheses:
4969 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
4971 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4972 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4974 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4976 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is
4977 a number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4978 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4980 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
4982 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
4983 and effective uids or gids.
4987 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
4991 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
4993 A keyword is misspelled.
4994 A semicolon is missing.
4996 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
4997 An opening or closing brace is missing.
4998 A closing quote is missing.
5000 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
5001 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
5002 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
5003 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
5004 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
5005 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
5006 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
5007 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
5008 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>.
5010 =item syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5012 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
5013 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5016 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5018 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5019 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
5020 or "my $var" or "our $var".
5022 =item Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex m/%s/
5024 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct; this
5025 notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5027 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5029 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5031 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5033 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
5035 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5037 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5038 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5039 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5040 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5042 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5044 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
5045 before now. Check your control flow.
5047 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
5049 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
5050 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
5052 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
5054 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
5055 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5057 =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5059 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really
5060 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5062 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
5064 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
5065 was either never opened or has since been closed.
5067 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
5069 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
5070 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
5079 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
5080 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[> and L<arybase>.
5082 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5084 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5085 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
5086 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
5087 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
5090 =item The %s feature is experimental
5092 (S experimental) This warning is emitted if you enable an experimental
5093 feature via C<use feature>. Simply suppress the warning if you want
5094 to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk
5095 of using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
5096 future Perl version:
5098 no warnings "experimental::lexical_subs";
5099 use feature "lexical_subs";
5101 =item The %s function is unimplemented
5103 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5104 according to the probings of Configure.
5106 =item The lexical_subs feature is experimental
5108 (S experimental::lexical_subs) This warning is emitted if you
5109 declare a sub with C<my> or C<state>. Simply suppress the warning
5110 if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you
5111 are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5112 change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5114 no warnings "experimental::lexical_subs";
5115 use feature "lexical_subs";
5118 =item The regex_sets feature is experimental
5120 (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you
5121 use the syntax S<C<(?[ ])>> in a regular expression.
5122 The details of this feature are subject to change.
5123 if you want to use it, but know that in doing so you
5124 are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5125 change in a future Perl version, you can do this to silence the
5128 no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5130 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5132 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5133 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
5134 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
5137 =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5139 (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations.
5141 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5143 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5145 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
5146 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
5147 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
5148 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
5149 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
5150 target of the change to
5151 %ENV which produced the warning.
5153 =item This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5155 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5156 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for randomized hash
5157 key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled without it. You should
5158 report this warning to the relevant upstream party, or recompile perl
5159 with default options.
5161 =item thread failed to start: %s
5163 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
5165 =item times not implemented
5167 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5168 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5170 =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5172 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains
5173 the B<-T> option (or the B<-t> option), but Perl was not invoked with
5174 B<-T> in its command line. This is an error because, by the time
5175 Perl discovers a B<-T> in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5176 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5178 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5179 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5180 fixed by editing the #! line so that the B<-%c> option is a part of
5181 Perl's first argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -%c> to C<perl -%c -n>.
5183 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
5184 B<-%c> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -%c scriptname>.
5186 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5188 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5189 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5190 specified an illegal mapping.
5191 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
5193 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
5195 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
5197 =item Too few args to syscall
5199 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
5200 system call to call, silly dilly.
5202 =item Too late for "-%s" option
5204 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5205 B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option.
5207 In the case of B<-M> and B<-m>, this is an error because those options
5208 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
5210 The B<-C> option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5211 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either
5212 specify this option on the command line, or, if your system supports
5213 it, make your script executable and run it directly instead of passing
5216 =item Too late to run %s block
5218 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
5219 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
5220 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
5221 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
5224 =item Too many args to syscall
5226 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5228 =item Too many arguments for %s
5230 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5234 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
5235 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
5239 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
5240 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
5242 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5244 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5245 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
5247 =item Trailing white-space in a charnames alias definition is deprecated
5249 (D deprecated) You defined a character name which ended in a space
5250 character. Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are
5251 defined in the C<:alias> import argument to C<use charnames>, but they
5252 could be defined by a translator installed into C<$^H{charnames}>.
5253 See L<charnames/CUSTOM ALIASES>.
5255 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
5257 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
5258 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
5259 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
5261 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
5263 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5264 y/// or y[][] construct.
5266 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
5268 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
5269 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
5271 =item truncate not implemented
5273 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5274 Configure knows about.
5276 =item Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5278 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its argument
5279 to be a hard reference to data of the specified type. Overloading is
5280 ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the specified type, but
5281 nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will still not be accepted.
5283 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5285 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5286 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
5287 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5288 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
5290 =item Type of argument to %s must be unblessed hashref or arrayref
5292 (F) You called C<keys>, C<values> or C<each> with a scalar argument that
5293 was not a reference to an unblessed hash or array.
5295 =item umask not implemented
5297 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
5298 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5300 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5302 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
5303 many execution contexts were entered and left.
5305 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5307 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
5308 many values were temporarily localized.
5310 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5312 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
5313 many blocks were entered and left.
5315 =item Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5317 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the shared
5318 string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The entries
5319 should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5321 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5323 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
5324 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5326 =item Undefined format "%s" called
5328 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
5329 another package? See L<perlform>.
5331 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5333 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5334 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
5336 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
5338 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
5339 since been undefined.
5341 =item Undefined subroutine called
5343 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
5344 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5346 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
5348 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
5349 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
5351 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
5353 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
5354 another package? See L<perlform>.
5356 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5358 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
5359 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5362 =item %s: Undefined variable
5364 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
5365 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
5367 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
5369 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
5370 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5372 =item Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5374 (F) You had something like this:
5378 where the C<"|"> is a binary operator with an operand on the right, but
5379 no operand on the left.
5381 =item Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5383 (F) You had something like this:
5387 Within C<(?[ ])>, no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5388 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5392 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't smart
5393 enough to figure out what you really meant.
5395 =item Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5397 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed an
5398 internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
5400 =item Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5402 (F) You had something like this:
5404 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5406 The C<")"> is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to
5407 be combined with the digits, or the C<"+"> shouldn't be there, or
5408 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5410 =item Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5412 (F) You had something like this:
5414 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5416 There should be an operator before the C<"(">, as there's
5417 no indication as to how the digits are to be combined
5418 with the characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5420 =item Unicode non-character U+%X is illegal for open interchange
5422 (S utf8, nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5423 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
5424 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so, applications
5425 shouldn't attempt to exchange them. If you know what you are doing
5426 you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'nonchar';>.
5428 =item Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
5430 (S utf8, surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are
5431 not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and
5432 U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl
5433 internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit
5434 available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause
5435 problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message
5436 came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn
5437 off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>.
5439 =item Unknown charname '%s'
5441 (F) The name you used inside C<\N{}> is unknown to Perl. Check the
5442 spelling. You can say C<use charnames ":loose"> to not have to be
5443 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard Unicode
5444 names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be specified
5445 exactly, regardless of whether C<:loose> is used or not.) This error may
5446 also happen if the C<\N{}> is not in the scope of the corresponding
5447 C<S<use charnames>>.
5451 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in C<$@>, but the C<$@> variable
5452 did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
5454 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
5456 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
5457 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
5458 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
5460 =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
5462 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
5463 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
5464 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
5465 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
5466 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
5467 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
5469 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
5471 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
5472 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
5473 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
5474 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
5476 =item Unknown regex modifier "%s"
5478 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter
5479 of a regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
5480 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid. One way
5481 this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between the end of
5482 the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
5484 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
5486 The C<"a"> is a valid modifier flag, but the C<"n"> is not, and raises
5487 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
5489 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
5491 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
5493 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
5495 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5497 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
5498 is not known. The condition must be one of the following:
5500 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5501 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5502 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5503 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5504 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5505 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5506 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5507 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5508 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5510 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
5511 discovered. See L<perlre>.
5513 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
5515 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
5516 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
5518 =item Unknown Unicode option value %d
5520 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
5521 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
5523 =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5525 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier
5526 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
5527 L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns.
5529 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
5531 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
5532 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
5534 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
5535 module (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have loaded this
5538 =item Unmatched '[' in POSIX class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5540 (F) You had something like this:
5544 That should be written:
5548 =item Unmatched '%c' in POSIX class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5550 (F) You had something like this:
5554 There should be a second C<":">, like this:
5558 =item Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5560 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
5561 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
5562 first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5563 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
5565 =item Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5567 =item Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5569 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
5570 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding
5571 the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
5572 regular expression the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
5574 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
5576 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
5577 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
5578 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
5579 you were last editing.
5581 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
5583 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
5584 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
5585 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
5588 =item Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
5590 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
5591 in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you tried
5592 to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
5594 =item Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5596 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5597 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal
5598 error when the character class is used within C<(?[ ])>.
5600 =item Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
5601 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5603 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5604 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
5605 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of Perl.
5606 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5607 escape was discovered.
5609 =item Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
5611 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5612 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but this may
5613 change in a future version of Perl.
5615 =item Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5617 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5618 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally, but
5619 this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE shows
5620 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
5622 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
5624 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
5625 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
5628 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
5630 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
5631 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
5632 bad switch on your behalf.)
5634 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
5636 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
5637 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
5638 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
5640 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
5642 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
5644 =item Unsupported function %s
5646 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
5647 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
5649 =item Unsupported function fork
5651 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
5653 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
5654 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
5655 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
5657 =item Unsupported script encoding %s
5659 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
5660 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
5662 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
5664 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
5665 least that's what Configure thought.
5667 =item Unterminated attribute list
5669 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
5670 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
5671 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
5672 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
5674 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
5676 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
5677 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
5678 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
5679 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
5681 =item Unterminated compressed integer
5683 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
5684 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
5685 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
5687 =item Unterminated delimiter for here document
5689 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
5690 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
5699 =item Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5701 =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5703 (F) In a regular expression, you had a C<\g> that wasn't followed by a
5704 proper group reference. In the case of C<\g{>, the closing brace is
5705 missing; otherwise the C<\g> must be followed by an integer. Fix the
5708 =item Unterminated <> operator
5710 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
5711 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
5712 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
5713 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
5715 =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5717 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate
5718 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
5720 =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5722 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate
5723 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
5725 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
5727 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
5728 still valid when C<untie> was called.
5730 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
5732 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
5733 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
5735 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
5737 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
5738 See L<Win32> for more information.
5740 =item $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
5742 (W syntax) You used C<$[> in a comparison, such as:
5748 You probably meant to use C<$]> instead. C<$[> is the base for indexing
5749 arrays. C<$]> is the Perl version number in decimal.
5751 =item Useless assignment to a temporary
5753 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what
5754 the subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to
5755 be discarded, so the assignment had no effect.
5757 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5760 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
5761 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
5763 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
5767 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
5769 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
5770 discovered. See L<perlre>.
5772 =item Useless localization of %s
5774 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is legal,
5775 but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
5776 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
5778 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5780 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
5781 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
5783 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
5787 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
5789 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
5790 discovered. See L<perlre>.
5792 =item Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
5794 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
5795 same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information
5796 about the /d modifier.
5798 =item Useless use of '\'; doesn't escape metacharacter '%c'
5800 (D deprecated) You wrote a regular expression pattern something like
5806 s[foo\[a-z\]bar][baz]
5808 The interior braces, square brackets, and parentheses are treated as
5809 metacharacters even though they are backslashed; instead write:
5816 The backslashes have no effect when a regular expression pattern is
5817 delimited by C<{}>, C<[]>, or C<()>, which ordinarily are
5818 metacharacters, and the delimiters are also used, paired, within the
5819 interior of the pattern. It is planned that a future Perl release will
5820 change the meaning of constructs like these so that the backslashes
5821 will have an effect, so remove them from your code.
5823 =item Useless use of \E
5825 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a C<\U>,
5826 C<\L> or C<\Q> preceding it.
5828 =item Useless use of %s in void context
5830 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
5831 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
5832 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
5833 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
5834 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
5835 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
5840 when you meant to say
5842 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
5844 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
5845 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
5850 when you should have said
5854 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
5855 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
5856 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
5857 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
5858 L<perlref> for more on this.
5860 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
5861 since they are often used in statements like
5863 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
5865 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
5868 =item Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5870 (W regexp) The C<p> modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying to do
5873 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
5875 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
5877 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
5879 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
5883 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
5885 =item Useless use of %s with no values
5887 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
5888 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
5889 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
5890 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
5891 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
5892 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
5894 =item "use" not allowed in expression
5896 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
5897 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
5899 =item Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated
5901 (D deprecated) The C<$[> variable (index of the first element in an array)
5902 is deprecated. See L<perlvar/"$[">.
5904 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
5906 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted
5907 form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
5909 =item Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated
5911 (D deprecated) The values you give to a format should be
5912 separated by commas, not just aligned on a line.
5914 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
5916 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
5917 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
5918 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
5921 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
5922 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
5924 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
5926 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
5927 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
5929 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
5931 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
5932 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
5933 used. (This may change in the future.)
5935 =item Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator results in undefined behavior
5937 (S internal) The behavior of C<each()> after insertion is undefined;
5938 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
5939 C<keys()> instead of C<each()>.
5941 =item Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
5943 (F) The construction C<my $x := 42> used to parse as equivalent to
5944 C<my $x : = 42> (applying an empty attribute list to C<$x>).
5945 This construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
5946 error, so C<:=> can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
5948 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code generator, add
5949 a space before the C<=>.
5951 =item Use of freed value in iteration
5953 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
5954 This error is typically caused by code like the following:
5957 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
5959 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
5960 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
5961 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
5962 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
5964 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
5966 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
5967 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
5969 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
5971 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
5972 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
5973 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
5975 =item Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
5977 (D deprecated) Using C<goto> to jump from an outer scope into an inner
5978 scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
5980 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
5982 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD>
5983 subroutines are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy)
5984 even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain
5985 functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or
5986 C<< $obj->bar() >>).
5988 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
5989 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
5990 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
5991 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
5994 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
5995 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
5996 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
5997 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
6000 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
6001 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
6002 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
6004 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
6006 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
6007 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
6009 =item Use of %s is deprecated
6011 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
6012 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
6013 old way has bad side effects.
6015 =item Use of -l on filehandle%s
6017 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
6018 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
6019 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
6021 =item Use of my $_ is experimental
6023 (S experimental::lexical_topic) Lexical $_ is an experimental feature and
6024 its behavior may change or even be removed in any future release of perl.
6025 See the explanation under L<perlvar/$_>.
6027 =item Use of %s on a handle without * is deprecated
6029 (D deprecated) You used C<tie>, C<tied> or C<untie> on a scalar but that scalar
6030 happens to hold a typeglob, which means its filehandle will be tied. If
6031 you mean to tie a handle, use an explicit * as in C<tie *$handle>.
6033 This was a long-standing bug that was removed in Perl 5.16, as there was
6034 no way to tie the scalar itself when it held a typeglob, and no way to
6035 untie a scalar that had had a typeglob assigned to it. If you see this
6036 message, you must be using an older version.
6038 =item Use of ?PATTERN? without explicit operator is deprecated
6040 (D deprecated) You have written something like C<?\w?>, for a regular
6041 expression that matches only once. Starting this term directly with
6042 the question mark delimiter is now deprecated, so that the question mark
6043 will be available for use in new operators in the future. Write C<m?\w?>
6044 instead, explicitly using the C<m> operator: the question mark delimiter
6045 still invokes match-once behaviour.
6047 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
6049 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
6050 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
6051 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
6053 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
6054 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
6055 however, because you can overload the numification and stringification
6056 operators and then you presumably know what you are doing.
6058 =item Use of state $_ is experimental
6060 (S experimental::lexical_topic) Lexical $_ is an experimental feature and
6061 its behavior may change or even be removed in any future release of perl.
6062 See the explanation under L<perlvar/$_>.
6064 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6066 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
6067 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
6068 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
6069 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
6071 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
6073 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6074 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
6075 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
6077 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you
6078 the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases
6079 it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the
6080 undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program
6081 and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear
6082 literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually
6083 optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the
6084 C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in
6087 =item Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6089 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6093 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6097 or if you meant this
6099 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6101 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6103 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
6105 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
6106 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
6107 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now
6108 deprecated, and will be removed in a future version.
6110 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
6112 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
6113 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
6114 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated,
6115 and will be removed in a future version.
6117 =item Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6118 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6120 (W regexp) A charnames handler may return a sequence of more than one
6121 character. Currently all but the first one are discarded when used in
6122 a regular expression pattern bracketed character class.
6124 =item Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6126 (F) Using the C<!~> operator with C<s///r>, C<tr///r> or C<y///r> is
6127 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behaviour has not
6128 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6129 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6131 =item UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6133 (S utf8, surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they are
6134 not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800 and
6135 U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16. However, Perl
6136 internally allows all unsigned integer code points (up to the size limit
6137 available on your platform), including surrogates. But these can cause
6138 problems when being input or output, which is likely where this message
6139 came from. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn
6140 off this warning by C<no warnings 'surrogate';>.
6142 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6144 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
6145 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
6146 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
6147 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
6148 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
6149 C<defined> operator.
6151 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6153 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
6154 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
6155 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
6158 =item Variable "%s" is not available
6160 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
6161 attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
6162 This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
6163 declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
6164 (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
6165 subs are created at run-time.) For example,
6167 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6169 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
6170 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
6171 the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
6172 now been created and is live:
6174 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6176 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
6177 gone out of scope, for example,
6185 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
6186 executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6188 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6190 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable
6191 that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
6192 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
6193 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
6194 front of your variable.
6196 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6198 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
6199 known at compile time. See L<perlre>.
6201 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6203 (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the
6204 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the
6205 previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note
6206 that the earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope
6207 or until all closure references to it are destroyed.
6209 =item Variable syntax
6211 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
6212 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
6215 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6217 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
6218 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6220 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
6221 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6222 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
6223 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
6224 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
6225 variable will no longer be shared.
6227 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6228 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
6229 reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
6230 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6232 =item vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6234 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version objects
6237 =item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6240 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6241 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6243 =item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6246 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the
6247 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6249 =item Version number must be a constant number
6251 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
6252 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
6255 =item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6257 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which
6260 =item Warning: something's wrong
6262 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
6263 you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty.
6265 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6267 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
6268 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
6271 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6273 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6274 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
6275 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
6276 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6280 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6284 but in actual fact, you got
6288 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6290 =item when is experimental
6292 (S experimental::smartmatch) C<when> depends on smartmatch, which is
6293 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6294 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or
6295 even be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6296 under L<perlsyn/Experimental Details on given and when>.
6298 =item Wide character in %s
6300 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
6301 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
6302 way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
6303 output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the
6304 warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
6305 cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
6306 filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
6308 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6310 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]>
6311 only if C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that
6312 can be determined from the template alone. This is not possible if
6313 it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign
6316 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
6318 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
6319 before now. Check your control flow.
6321 =item %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
6323 (F) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
6324 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in
6325 are not legal in this encoding. For example
6327 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
6329 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
6331 =item 'X' outside of string
6333 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
6334 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
6336 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack
6338 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
6339 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
6341 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
6343 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
6344 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
6345 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
6348 =item You need to quote "%s"
6350 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
6351 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
6352 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
6353 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
6354 what you want, put an & in front.)
6356 =item Your random numbers are not that random
6358 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl could
6359 not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
6360 Something Very Wrong.
6366 L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>, L<diagnostics>.