3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days in answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
19 * [p.599 of _The Lord of the Rings_, III/xi: "The PalantÃr"]
25 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
26 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
27 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
29 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
30 Perl stores its global variables.
42 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
43 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
46 Perl_gv_add_by_type(pTHX_ GV *gv, svtype type)
53 SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVGV
54 && SvTYPE((const SV *)gv) != SVt_PVLV
58 if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
60 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
61 * this is a dirhandle.
63 what = OP_IS_DIRHOP(PL_op->op_type) ?
64 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
65 } else if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
68 what = type == SVt_PVAV ? "array" : "scalar";
70 /* diag_listed_as: Bad symbol for filehandle */
71 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", what);
74 if (type == SVt_PVHV) {
75 where = (SV **)&GvHV(gv);
76 } else if (type == SVt_PVAV) {
77 where = (SV **)&GvAV(gv);
78 } else if (type == SVt_PVIO) {
79 where = (SV **)&GvIOp(gv);
85 *where = newSV_type(type);
86 if (type == SVt_PVAV && GvNAMELEN(gv) == 3
87 && strnEQ(GvNAME(gv), "ISA", 3))
88 sv_magic(*where, (SV *)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
93 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
95 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
96 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
100 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
106 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
109 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
110 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
115 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
118 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
119 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
122 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
123 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
125 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
126 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
127 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
129 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
132 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && !GvAV(gv))
133 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
134 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
140 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
142 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
143 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
144 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
151 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
153 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
155 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
156 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
157 return SvROK(gv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(gv)) != SVt_PVAV ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
161 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
172 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
174 gp->gp_egv = gv; /* allow compiler to reuse gv after this */
175 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
176 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
179 /* PL_curcop should never be null here. */
181 /* But for non-debugging builds play it safe */
183 gp->gp_line = CopLINE(PL_curcop); /* 0 otherwise Newxz */
185 if (CopFILE(PL_curcop)) {
186 file = CopFILE(PL_curcop);
190 filegv = CopFILEGV(PL_curcop);
192 file = GvNAME(filegv)+2;
193 len = GvNAMELEN(filegv)-2;
204 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
205 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
211 /* Assign CvGV(cv) = gv, handling weak references.
212 * See also S_anonymise_cv_maybe */
215 Perl_cvgv_set(pTHX_ CV* cv, GV* gv)
217 GV * const oldgv = CvGV(cv);
219 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVGV_SET;
226 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(oldgv);
230 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldgv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
233 else if ((hek = CvNAME_HEK(cv))) unshare_hek(hek);
235 SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv = gv;
236 assert(!CvCVGV_RC(cv));
241 if (isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) && (GvCV(gv) == cv || GvFORM(gv) == cv))
242 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(gv), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
245 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(gv);
249 /* Assign CvSTASH(cv) = st, handling weak references. */
252 Perl_cvstash_set(pTHX_ CV *cv, HV *st)
254 HV *oldst = CvSTASH(cv);
255 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CVSTASH_SET;
259 sv_del_backref(MUTABLE_SV(oldst), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
260 SvANY(cv)->xcv_stash = st;
262 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(st), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
266 =for apidoc gv_init_pvn
268 Converts a scalar into a typeglob. This is an incoercible typeglob;
269 assigning a reference to it will assign to one of its slots, instead of
270 overwriting it as happens with typeglobs created by SvSetSV. Converting
271 any scalar that is SvOK() may produce unpredictable results and is reserved
272 for perl's internal use.
274 C<gv> is the scalar to be converted.
276 C<stash> is the parent stash/package, if any.
278 C<name> and C<len> give the name. The name must be unqualified;
279 that is, it must not include the package name. If C<gv> is a
280 stash element, it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the name
281 passed to this function matches the name of the element. If it does not
282 match, perl's internal bookkeeping will get out of sync.
284 C<flags> can be set to SVf_UTF8 if C<name> is a UTF8 string, or
285 the return value of SvUTF8(sv). It can also take the
286 GV_ADDMULTI flag, which means to pretend that the GV has been
287 seen before (i.e., suppress "Used once" warnings).
291 The old form of gv_init_pvn(). It does not work with UTF8 strings, as it
292 has no flags parameter. If the C<multi> parameter is set, the
293 GV_ADDMULTI flag will be passed to gv_init_pvn().
295 =for apidoc gv_init_pv
297 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes a nul-terminated string for the name
298 instead of separate char * and length parameters.
300 =for apidoc gv_init_sv
302 Same as gv_init_pvn(), but takes an SV * for the name instead of separate
303 char * and length parameters. C<flags> is currently unused.
309 Perl_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
313 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
314 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
317 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
321 Perl_gv_init_pv(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
323 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PV;
324 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
328 Perl_gv_init_pvn(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
331 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
332 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
333 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv))
334 ? ((void)(SvIsCOW(gv) && (sv_force_normal((SV *)gv), 0)), SvPVX(gv))
336 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
337 const U32 proto_utf8 = proto ? SvUTF8(gv) : 0;
338 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
339 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
341 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_PVN;
342 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
345 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
346 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
351 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
352 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
360 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
361 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
363 sv_upgrade(MUTABLE_SV(gv), SVt_PVGV);
371 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
376 GvGP_set(gv, Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv));
379 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ MUTABLE_SV(stash), MUTABLE_SV(gv));
380 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ));
381 if (flags & GV_ADDMULTI || doproto) /* doproto means it */
382 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* _was_ mentioned */
386 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
387 cv = newCONSTSUB_flags(stash, name, len, flags, has_constant);
388 /* In case op.c:S_process_special_blocks stole it: */
390 GvCV_set(gv, (CV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(cv));
391 assert(GvCV(gv) == cv); /* newCONSTSUB should have set this */
392 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
393 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
394 from a reference to CV. */
395 if (exported_constant)
396 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
397 CvSTASH_set(cv, PL_curstash); /* XXX Why is this needed? */
402 sv_usepvn_flags(MUTABLE_SV(cv), proto, protolen,
403 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
404 if ( proto_utf8 ) SvUTF8_on(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
410 S_gv_init_svtype(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
412 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SVTYPE;
424 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
432 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
433 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
440 static void core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv);
443 S_maybe_add_coresub(pTHX_ HV * const stash, GV *gv,
444 const char * const name, const STRLEN len)
446 const int code = keyword(name, len, 1);
447 static const char file[] = __FILE__;
448 CV *cv, *oldcompcv = NULL;
450 bool ampable = TRUE; /* &{}-able */
451 COP *oldcurcop = NULL;
452 yy_parser *oldparser = NULL;
453 I32 oldsavestack_ix = 0;
458 if (!code) return NULL; /* Not a keyword */
459 switch (code < 0 ? -code : code) {
460 /* no support for \&CORE::infix;
461 no support for funcs that do not parse like funcs */
462 case KEY___DATA__: case KEY___END__: case KEY_and: case KEY_AUTOLOAD:
463 case KEY_BEGIN : case KEY_CHECK : case KEY_cmp: case KEY_CORE :
464 case KEY_default : case KEY_DESTROY:
465 case KEY_do : case KEY_dump : case KEY_else : case KEY_elsif :
466 case KEY_END : case KEY_eq : case KEY_eval :
467 case KEY_for : case KEY_foreach: case KEY_format: case KEY_ge :
468 case KEY_given : case KEY_goto : case KEY_grep :
469 case KEY_gt : case KEY_if: case KEY_INIT: case KEY_last: case KEY_le:
470 case KEY_local: case KEY_lt: case KEY_m : case KEY_map : case KEY_my:
471 case KEY_ne : case KEY_next : case KEY_no: case KEY_or: case KEY_our:
472 case KEY_package: case KEY_print: case KEY_printf:
473 case KEY_q : case KEY_qq : case KEY_qr : case KEY_qw :
474 case KEY_qx : case KEY_redo : case KEY_require: case KEY_return:
475 case KEY_s : case KEY_say : case KEY_sort :
476 case KEY_state: case KEY_sub :
477 case KEY_tr : case KEY_UNITCHECK: case KEY_unless:
478 case KEY_until: case KEY_use : case KEY_when : case KEY_while :
479 case KEY_x : case KEY_xor : case KEY_y :
482 case KEY_chomp: case KEY_chop: case KEY_defined: case KEY_delete:
483 case KEY_each : case KEY_eof : case KEY_exec : case KEY_exists:
489 case KEY_splice: case KEY_split:
492 case KEY_truncate: case KEY_unlink:
499 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
504 oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
505 oldparser = PL_parser;
506 lex_start(NULL, NULL, 0);
507 oldcompcv = PL_compcv;
508 PL_compcv = NULL; /* Prevent start_subparse from setting
510 oldsavestack_ix = start_subparse(FALSE,0);
514 /* Avoid calling newXS, as it calls us, and things start to
516 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
519 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));
521 CvXSUB(cv) = core_xsub;
523 CvGV_set(cv, gv); /* This stops new ATTRSUB from setting CvFILE
525 (void)gv_fetchfile(file);
526 CvFILE(cv) = (char *)file;
527 /* XXX This is inefficient, as doing things this order causes
528 a prototype check in newATTRSUB. But we have to do
529 it this order as we need an op number before calling
531 (void)core_prototype((SV *)cv, name, code, &opnum);
533 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
539 /* newATTRSUB will free the CV and return NULL if we're still
540 compiling after a syntax error */
541 if ((cv = newATTRSUB_flags(
542 oldsavestack_ix, (OP *)gv,
547 : newSVpvn(name,len),
552 assert(GvCV(gv) == orig_cv);
553 if (opnum != OP_VEC && opnum != OP_SUBSTR && opnum != OP_POS
554 && opnum != OP_UNDEF)
555 CvLVALUE_off(cv); /* Now *that* was a neat trick. */
558 PL_parser = oldparser;
559 PL_curcop = oldcurcop;
560 PL_compcv = oldcompcv;
563 SV *opnumsv = opnum ? newSVuv((UV)opnum) : (SV *)NULL;
565 cv, Perl_ck_entersub_args_core, opnumsv ? opnumsv : (SV *)cv
567 SvREFCNT_dec(opnumsv);
574 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
576 Like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but lacks a flags parameter.
578 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv
580 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes the name string in the form
581 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
587 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
591 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV;
592 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
595 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
599 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv
601 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn>, but takes a nul-terminated string
602 instead of a string/length pair.
608 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
610 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV;
611 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
615 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn
617 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
618 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
619 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
621 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
622 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
623 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
624 up caching info for this glob.
626 The only significant values for C<flags> are GV_SUPER and SVf_UTF8.
628 GV_SUPER indicates that we want to look up the method in the superclasses
632 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
633 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
634 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
635 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
640 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
643 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
650 HV* cstash, *cachestash;
651 GV* candidate = NULL;
655 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
658 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
660 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN;
662 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
664 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
665 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
671 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
673 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
678 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for %smethod %s in package %s\n",
679 flags & GV_SUPER ? "SUPER " : "",name,hvname) );
681 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
683 if (flags & GV_SUPER) {
684 if (!HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super) HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super = newHV();
685 cachestash = HvAUX(stash)->xhv_super;
687 else cachestash = stash;
689 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
690 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cachestash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len,
696 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
697 gv_init_pvn(topgv, stash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
698 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
699 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
700 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
704 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
705 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(cand_cv);
706 GvCV_set(topgv, NULL);
711 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
712 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
715 else if (stash == cachestash
716 && len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4
717 && strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
718 && S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ NULL,topgv,name,len))
722 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
723 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
724 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
726 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
728 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
731 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
732 "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%"HEKf"::ISA",
734 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
740 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, is_utf8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, 0);
742 if (len > 1 && HvNAMELEN_get(cstash) == 4) {
743 const char *hvname = HvNAME(cstash); assert(hvname);
744 if (strnEQ(hvname, "CORE", 4)
746 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ cstash,NULL,name,len)
752 else candidate = *gvp;
755 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV)
756 gv_init_pvn(candidate, cstash, name, len, GV_ADDMULTI|is_utf8);
757 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
759 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
760 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
761 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
763 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
764 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
765 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
766 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
767 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
768 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
774 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
775 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
776 candidate = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(NULL, name, len, 1, flags &~GV_SUPER);
778 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
779 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
780 CV *old_cv = GvCV(topgv);
781 SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
782 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
783 GvCV_set(topgv, cand_cv);
784 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
790 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
791 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
792 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
799 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
801 This is the old form of L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, which has no flags
804 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload
806 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes the name string in the form
807 of an SV instead of a string/length pair.
813 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_sv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, I32 level, U32 flags)
817 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_SV_AUTOLOAD;
818 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
821 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, namepv, namelen, level, flags);
825 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload
827 Exactly like L</gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload>, but takes a nul-terminated string
828 instead of a string/length pair.
834 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pv_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 level, U32 flags)
836 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PV_AUTOLOAD;
837 return gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, strlen(name), level, flags);
841 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload
843 Same as gv_fetchmeth_pvn(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
844 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
846 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
847 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
848 of the result may be zero.
850 Currently, the only significant value for C<flags> is SVf_UTF8.
856 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level, U32 flags)
858 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, flags);
860 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_PVN_AUTOLOAD;
867 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
868 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
870 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, flags)))
873 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
875 /* Have an autoload */
876 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
877 gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, 0, flags);
878 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name,
879 (flags & SVf_UTF8) ? -(I32)len : (I32)len, (level >= 0));
888 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
890 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
891 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
892 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
895 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
896 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
897 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
898 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
899 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
901 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
902 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
903 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
904 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
905 created via a side effect to do this.
907 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
908 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
909 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
910 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
916 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
918 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
920 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
924 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
928 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_SV_FLAGS;
929 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
932 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
936 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
938 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PV_FLAGS;
939 return gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(stash, name, strlen(name), flags);
942 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
945 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, const STRLEN len, U32 flags)
949 const char *nsplit = NULL;
952 const char * const origname = name;
953 SV *const error_report = MUTABLE_SV(stash);
954 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
955 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
956 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
958 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_PVN_FLAGS;
960 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
963 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
964 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
965 the error reporting code. */
968 for (nend = name; *nend || nend != (origname + len); nend++) {
973 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
979 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
980 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
981 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
983 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
984 origname, HvENAME_get(stash), name) );
986 else if ((nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
987 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7)) {
988 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::SUPER::method */
989 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, is_utf8);
990 if (stash) flags |= GV_SUPER;
993 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
994 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, is_utf8);
999 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1001 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
1002 gv = MUTABLE_GV(&PL_sv_yes);
1004 gv = gv_autoload_pvn(
1005 ostash, name, nend - name, GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD|flags
1007 if (!gv && do_croak) {
1008 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
1011 /* If we can't find an IO::File method, it might be a call on
1012 * a filehandle. If IO:File has not been loaded, try to
1013 * require it first instead of croaking */
1014 const char *stash_name = HvNAME_get(stash);
1015 if (stash_name && memEQs(stash_name, HvNAMELEN_get(stash), "IO::File")
1016 && !Perl_hv_common(aTHX_ GvHVn(PL_incgv), NULL,
1017 STR_WITH_LEN("IO/File.pm"), 0,
1018 HV_FETCH_ISEXISTS, NULL, 0)
1020 require_pv("IO/File.pm");
1021 gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, nend - name, 0, flags);
1026 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1027 "\" via package \"%"HEKf"\"",
1028 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1029 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1035 packnamesv = newSVpvn_flags(origname, nsplit - origname,
1036 SVs_TEMP | is_utf8);
1038 packnamesv = error_report;
1042 "Can't locate object method \"%"UTF8f
1043 "\" via package \"%"SVf"\""
1044 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%"SVf"\"?)",
1045 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, nend - name, name),
1046 SVfARG(packnamesv), SVfARG(packnamesv));
1050 else if (autoload) {
1051 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
1052 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
1060 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
1063 autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(stubgv),
1064 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv),
1065 GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD
1066 | (GvNAMEUTF8(stubgv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
1076 Perl_gv_autoload_sv(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV* namesv, U32 flags)
1080 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_SV;
1081 namepv = SvPV(namesv, namelen);
1084 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, namelen, flags);
1088 Perl_gv_autoload_pv(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *namepv, U32 flags)
1090 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PV;
1091 return gv_autoload_pvn(stash, namepv, strlen(namepv), flags);
1095 Perl_gv_autoload_pvn(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1103 SV *packname = NULL;
1104 U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
1106 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD_PVN;
1108 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
1111 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
1112 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
1113 const char * const packname_ptr = SvPV_const(MUTABLE_SV(stash), packname_len);
1114 packname = newSVpvn_flags(packname_ptr, packname_len,
1115 SVs_TEMP | SvUTF8(stash));
1119 packname = sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)));
1120 if (flags & GV_SUPER) sv_catpvs(packname, "::SUPER");
1122 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE, is_utf8)))
1126 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
1130 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
1133 !(flags & GV_AUTOLOAD_ISMETHOD)
1134 && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
1136 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
1137 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %"SVf
1138 "::%"UTF8f"() is deprecated",
1140 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1143 /* Instead of forcing the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
1144 * and split that value on the last '::', pass along the same data
1145 * via the SvPVX field in the CV, and the stash in CvSTASH.
1147 * Due to an unfortunate accident of history, the SvPVX field
1148 * serves two purposes. It is also used for the subroutine's pro-
1149 * type. Since SvPVX has been documented as returning the sub name
1150 * for a long time, but not as returning the prototype, we have
1151 * to preserve the SvPVX AUTOLOAD behaviour and put the prototype
1154 * We put the prototype in the same allocated buffer, but after
1155 * the sub name. The SvPOK flag indicates the presence of a proto-
1156 * type. The CvAUTOLOAD flag indicates the presence of a sub name.
1157 * If both flags are on, then SvLEN is used to indicate the end of
1158 * the prototype (artificially lower than what is actually allo-
1159 * cated), at the risk of having to reallocate a few bytes unneces-
1160 * sarily--but that should happen very rarely, if ever.
1162 * We use SvUTF8 for both prototypes and sub names, so if one is
1163 * UTF8, the other must be upgraded.
1165 CvSTASH_set(cv, stash);
1166 if (SvPOK(cv)) { /* Ouch! */
1167 SV * const tmpsv = newSVpvn_flags(name, len, is_utf8);
1169 const char *proto = CvPROTO(cv);
1172 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags_grow(tmpsv, 0, CvPROTOLEN(cv) + 2);
1173 ulen = SvCUR(tmpsv);
1174 SvCUR(tmpsv)++; /* include null in string */
1176 tmpsv, proto, CvPROTOLEN(cv), SV_CATBYTES*!SvUTF8(cv)
1178 SvTEMP_on(tmpsv); /* Allow theft */
1179 sv_setsv_nomg((SV *)cv, tmpsv);
1181 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpsv);
1182 SvLEN(cv) = SvCUR(cv) + 1;
1186 sv_setpvn((SV *)cv, name, len);
1190 else SvUTF8_off(cv);
1196 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
1197 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
1198 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
1199 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
1201 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
1202 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
1206 gv_init_pvn(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, 0);
1207 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1208 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
1212 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
1213 SvTAINTED_off(varsv); /* previous $AUTOLOAD taint is obsolete */
1214 /* XXX: this process is not careful to avoid extra magic gets and sets; tied $AUTOLOAD will get noise */
1215 sv_setsv(varsv, packname);
1216 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
1217 /* Ensure SvSETMAGIC() is called if necessary. In particular, to clear
1218 tainting if $FOO::AUTOLOAD was previously tainted, but is not now. */
1221 SV_SMAGIC|(is_utf8 ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES)
1229 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
1230 * that implements the logic of automatic ties like %! and %-
1232 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
1233 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
1234 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
1235 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
1236 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
1237 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
1238 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
1239 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
1242 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
1245 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1247 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
1249 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, methpv, FALSE))) {
1250 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
1251 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
1252 so save it. For the moment it's always
1254 const char type = varname == '[' ? '$' : '%';
1260 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
1261 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
1263 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
1265 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" is not available",
1266 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv));
1267 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
1268 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %c%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
1269 type, varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
1272 else SvREFCNT_dec_NN(namesv);
1277 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
1279 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
1280 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
1286 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1288 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
1289 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
1293 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
1295 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
1296 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
1297 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
1298 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
1299 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
1302 Flags may be one of:
1311 The most important of which are probably GV_ADD and SVf_UTF8.
1317 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
1323 U32 tmplen = namelen + 2;
1325 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
1327 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
1330 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
1331 Copy(name, tmpbuf, namelen, char);
1332 tmpbuf[namelen] = ':';
1333 tmpbuf[namelen+1] = ':';
1334 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, tmplen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
1335 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1339 stash = GvHV(tmpgv);
1340 if (!(flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK) && !stash) return NULL;
1342 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1343 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 );
1345 /* FIXME: This is a repeat of logic in gv_fetchpvn_flags */
1346 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1347 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1348 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(tmpgv))->xhv_name_count)
1349 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, tmpgv, 1);
1355 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
1357 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
1363 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1366 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
1368 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
1370 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags | SvUTF8(sv));
1375 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
1376 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
1377 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
1381 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
1383 const char * const nambeg =
1384 SvPV_flags_const(name, len, flags & GV_NO_SVGMAGIC ? 0 : SV_GMAGIC);
1385 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
1386 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
1390 S_gv_magicalize_isa(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1394 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_MAGICALIZE_ISA;
1398 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_isa,
1403 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
1404 const svtype sv_type)
1407 const char *name = nambeg;
1411 const char *name_cursor;
1413 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
1414 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
1415 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
1416 const U32 is_utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
1417 bool addmg = !!(flags & GV_ADDMG);
1418 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
1419 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
1422 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
1424 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
1425 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
1430 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name + 1, is_utf8)) {
1431 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
1435 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
1436 if (name_cursor < name_em1 &&
1437 ((*name_cursor == ':'
1438 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
1439 || *name_cursor == '\''))
1442 stash = PL_defstash;
1443 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1446 len = name_cursor - name;
1447 if (name_cursor > nambeg) { /* Skip for initial :: or ' */
1449 if (*name_cursor == ':') {
1454 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
1455 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
1456 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1457 tmpbuf[len++] = ':';
1460 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, key, is_utf8 ? -len : len, add);
1461 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
1462 if (gv && gv != (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1463 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
1464 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, key, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1470 if (!gv || gv == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef)
1473 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1475 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1476 if (!HvNAME_get(stash)) {
1477 if (GvSTASH(gv) == PL_defstash && len == 6
1478 && strnEQ(name, "CORE", 4))
1479 hv_name_set(stash, "CORE", 4, 0);
1482 stash, nambeg, name_cursor-nambeg, is_utf8
1484 /* If the containing stash has multiple effective
1485 names, see that this one gets them, too. */
1486 if (HvAUX(GvSTASH(gv))->xhv_name_count)
1487 mro_package_moved(stash, NULL, gv, 1);
1490 else if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1491 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, is_utf8);
1494 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1496 name = name_cursor+1;
1497 if (name == name_end)
1499 ? gv : MUTABLE_GV(*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE));
1502 len = name_cursor - name;
1504 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1508 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)) {
1509 bool global = FALSE;
1517 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1518 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1519 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1523 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1528 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1529 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1533 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1534 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1535 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1539 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1540 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1547 stash = PL_defstash;
1548 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1549 stash = PL_curstash;
1550 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1551 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1552 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1553 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1554 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1555 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1556 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1558 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,0);
1560 *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef ||
1561 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1565 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1566 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1567 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1569 /* diag_listed_as: Variable "%s" is not imported%s */
1571 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1572 "Variable \"%c%"UTF8f"\" is not imported",
1573 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1574 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1575 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1578 aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
1579 "\t(Did you mean &%"UTF8f" instead?)\n",
1580 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name)
1587 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1590 stash = PL_defstash;
1593 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1596 if (add && !PL_in_clean_all) {
1597 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1598 "Global symbol \"%s%"UTF8f
1599 "\" requires explicit package name",
1600 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1601 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1602 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1603 : ""), UTF8fARG(is_utf8, len, name));
1608 gv = gv_fetchpvs("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1610 /* symbol table under destruction */
1619 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1622 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,is_utf8 ? -len : len,add);
1623 if (!gvp || *gvp == (const GV *)&PL_sv_undef) {
1624 if (addmg) gv = (GV *)newSV(0);
1627 else gv = *gvp, addmg = 0;
1628 /* From this point on, addmg means gv has not been inserted in the
1631 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1634 gv_init_svtype(gv, sv_type);
1635 /* You reach this path once the typeglob has already been created,
1636 either by the same or a different sigil. If this path didn't
1637 exist, then (say) referencing $! first, and %! second would
1638 mean that %! was not handled correctly. */
1639 if (len == 1 && stash == PL_defstash) {
1640 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV) {
1642 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1643 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1644 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1645 } else if (sv_type == SVt_PV) {
1646 if (*name == '*' || *name == '#') {
1647 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
1648 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED,
1650 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1653 if (sv_type==SVt_PV || sv_type==SVt_PVGV) {
1656 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1658 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
1660 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_LEFT;
1664 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE;
1668 PL_sawampersand |= SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
1675 else if (len == 3 && sv_type == SVt_PVAV
1676 && strnEQ(name, "ISA", 3)
1677 && (!GvAV(gv) || !SvSMAGICAL(GvAV(gv))))
1678 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1681 } else if (no_init) {
1684 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1689 /* Adding a new symbol.
1690 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1691 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1693 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1694 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1696 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1698 if (add & GV_ADDWARN)
1699 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1700 "Had to create %"UTF8f" unexpectedly",
1701 UTF8fARG(is_utf8, name_end-nambeg, nambeg));
1702 gv_init_pvn(gv, stash, name, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI)|is_utf8);
1704 if ( isIDFIRST_lazy_if(name, is_utf8)
1705 && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE) : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1708 /* set up magic where warranted */
1709 if (stash != PL_defstash) { /* not the main stash */
1710 /* We only have to check for three names here: EXPORT, ISA
1711 and VERSION. All the others apply only to the main stash or to
1712 CORE (which is checked right after this). */
1714 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1717 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1721 if (strEQ(name2, "SA"))
1722 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1725 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1731 goto add_magical_gv;
1734 if (len > 1 /* shortest is uc */ && HvNAMELEN_get(stash) == 4) {
1735 /* Avoid null warning: */
1736 const char * const stashname = HvNAME(stash); assert(stashname);
1737 if (strnEQ(stashname, "CORE", 4))
1738 S_maybe_add_coresub(aTHX_ 0, gv, name, len);
1745 /* Nothing else to do.
1746 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1747 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1748 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1752 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1755 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1756 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1758 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1763 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1767 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1768 gv_magicalize_isa(gv);
1772 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1775 if (!PL_psig_name) {
1776 Newxz(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1777 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1778 PL_psig_ptr = PL_psig_name + SIG_SIZE;
1780 /* I think that the only way to get here is to re-use an
1781 embedded perl interpreter, where the previous
1782 use didn't clean up fully because
1783 PL_perl_destruct_level was 0. I'm not sure that we
1784 "support" that, in that I suspect in that scenario
1785 there are sufficient other garbage values left in the
1786 interpreter structure that something else will crash
1787 before we get here. I suspect that this is one of
1788 those "doctor, it hurts when I do this" bugs. */
1789 Zero(PL_psig_name, 2 * SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1790 Zero(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1794 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1795 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1796 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1798 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1803 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1806 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1807 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1810 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1811 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1814 case '\007': /* $^GLOBAL_PHASE */
1815 if (strEQ(name2, "LOBAL_PHASE"))
1818 case '\014': /* $^LAST_FH */
1819 if (strEQ(name2, "AST_FH"))
1822 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1823 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1825 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1826 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1829 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1830 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1833 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1834 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1837 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1838 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1840 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1842 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1845 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1846 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1859 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1861 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1862 const char *end = name + len;
1863 while (--end > name) {
1864 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) goto add_magical_gv;
1871 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1872 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1877 #ifdef PERL_SAWAMPERSAND
1879 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1880 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1881 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1882 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1884 )) { PL_sawampersand |=
1888 ? SAWAMPERSAND_MIDDLE
1889 : SAWAMPERSAND_RIGHT;
1895 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1899 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1900 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1906 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1908 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1910 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1911 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1913 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1915 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1921 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1923 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1924 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? MUTABLE_SV(av) : NULL;
1926 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(av), avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1927 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1929 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1932 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1934 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1936 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1943 if (sv_type == SVt_PV)
1944 /* diag_listed_as: $* is no longer supported */
1945 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1946 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1948 case '\010': /* $^H */
1950 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1951 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1955 if ((sv_type == SVt_PV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1956 && FEATURE_ARYBASE_IS_ENABLED) {
1957 if (addmg) (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
1958 require_tie_mod(gv,name,newSVpvs("arybase"),"FETCH",0);
1961 else goto magicalize;
1963 case '\023': /* $^S */
1965 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1990 case '\001': /* $^A */
1991 case '\003': /* $^C */
1992 case '\004': /* $^D */
1993 case '\005': /* $^E */
1994 case '\006': /* $^F */
1995 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1996 case '\016': /* $^N */
1997 case '\017': /* $^O */
1998 case '\020': /* $^P */
1999 case '\024': /* $^T */
2000 case '\027': /* $^W */
2002 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
2005 case '\014': /* $^L */
2006 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\f");
2009 sv_setpvs(GvSVn(gv),"\034");
2013 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2014 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
2015 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
2016 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
2017 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2021 case '\026': /* $^V */
2023 SV * const sv = GvSV(gv);
2024 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
2025 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
2033 if (GvAV(gv) || GvHV(gv) || GvIO(gv) || GvCV(gv) || (
2034 GvSV(gv) && (SvOK(GvSV(gv)) || SvMAGICAL(GvSV(gv)))
2036 (void)hv_store(stash,name,len,(SV *)gv,0);
2037 else SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gv), gv = NULL;
2039 if (gv) gv_init_svtype(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
2044 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2047 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
2049 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
2051 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
2053 if (hv && (name = HvNAME(hv))) {
2054 const STRLEN len = HvNAMELEN(hv);
2055 if (keepmain || strnNE(name, "main", len)) {
2056 sv_catpvn_flags(sv,name,len,HvNAMEUTF8(hv)?SV_CATUTF8:SV_CATBYTES);
2060 else sv_catpvs(sv,"__ANON__::");
2061 sv_catsv(sv,sv_2mortal(newSVhek(GvNAME_HEK(gv))));
2065 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
2067 const GV * const egv = GvEGVx(gv);
2069 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
2071 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
2075 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
2080 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
2082 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
2084 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
2086 /* SvIsCOW is unused on HVs, so we can use it to mark stashes we
2087 are currently searching through recursively. */
2089 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
2092 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
2093 (gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry))) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
2095 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash && !SvIsCOW(hv))
2096 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
2098 else if ( *HeKEY(entry) != '_'
2099 && isIDFIRST_lazy_if(HeKEY(entry), HeUTF8(entry)) ) {
2101 gv = MUTABLE_GV(HeVAL(entry));
2102 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
2105 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
2107 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
2109 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
2110 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
2112 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
2113 "Name \"%"HEKf"::%"HEKf
2114 "\" used only once: possible typo",
2115 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(stash)),
2116 HEKfARG(GvNAME_HEK(gv)));
2124 Perl_newGVgen_flags(pTHX_ const char *pack, U32 flags)
2127 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN_FLAGS;
2128 assert(!(flags & ~SVf_UTF8));
2130 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%"UTF8f"::_GEN_%ld",
2131 UTF8fARG(flags, strlen(pack), pack),
2136 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
2139 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
2147 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
2148 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
2149 don't infect them with our cached entry */
2150 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(gp->gp_cv);
2159 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
2165 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
2167 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
2168 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
2169 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
2170 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
2173 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
2174 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
2181 /* Copy and null out all the glob slots, so destructors do not see
2183 HEK * const file_hek = gp->gp_file_hek;
2184 SV * const sv = gp->gp_sv;
2185 AV * const av = gp->gp_av;
2186 HV * const hv = gp->gp_hv;
2187 IO * const io = gp->gp_io;
2188 CV * const cv = gp->gp_cv;
2189 CV * const form = gp->gp_form;
2191 gp->gp_file_hek = NULL;
2200 unshare_hek(file_hek);
2204 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
2205 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
2206 if (hv && SvTYPE(hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
2207 const HEK *hvname_hek = HvNAME_HEK(hv);
2208 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_ "gp_free clearing PL_stashcache for '%"HEKf"'\n", hvname_hek));
2209 if (PL_stashcache && hvname_hek)
2210 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HEK_KEY(hvname_hek),
2211 (HEK_UTF8(hvname_hek) ? -HEK_LEN(hvname_hek) : HEK_LEN(hvname_hek)),
2219 if (!gp->gp_file_hek
2225 && !gp->gp_form) break;
2227 if (--attempts == 0) {
2229 "panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer - "
2230 "something is repeatedly re-creating entries"
2240 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
2242 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2243 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
2245 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
2247 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2249 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2250 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
2252 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
2253 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
2260 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
2262 * 1 on success and there is some overload
2263 * 0 if there is no overload
2264 * -1 if some error occurred and it couldn't croak
2268 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash, bool destructing)
2271 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2273 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2276 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
2278 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2280 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2281 if (amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
2282 return AMT_AMAGIC(amtp) ? 1 : 0;
2284 sv_unmagic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2287 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2290 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
2291 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
2298 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
2300 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
2301 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1, 0);
2302 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
2307 if (!gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, "((", 2, -1, 0))
2310 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
2312 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
2315 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
2316 /* don't need to set overloading here because fallback => 1
2317 * is the default setting for classes without overloading */
2318 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
2319 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
2320 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
2327 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
2328 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
2329 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
2330 const char * const cp = AMG_id2name(i);
2331 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
2333 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2334 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
2335 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
2336 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
2337 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
2338 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
2339 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
2340 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
2341 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
2342 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_pvn(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1, 0);
2344 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
2345 if(GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")){
2346 const char * const hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)));
2347 if (hvname && HEK_LEN(HvNAME_HEK(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv)))) == 8
2348 && strEQ(hvname, "overload")) {
2349 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
2350 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
2351 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
2353 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
2355 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
2356 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
2357 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
2358 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
2359 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_sv_flags(stash, gvsv, 0)))
2361 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
2366 const SV * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv))
2368 : newSVpvs_flags("???", SVs_TEMP);
2369 /* diag_listed_as: Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s" */
2370 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%"SVf256
2371 "\" overloading \"%s\" "\
2372 "in package \"%"HEKf256"\"",
2373 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
2381 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
2384 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
2385 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
2386 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
2388 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
2389 cv = MUTABLE_CV(gv);
2392 amt.table[i]=MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv));
2395 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
2396 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2397 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
2401 /* Here we have no table: */
2403 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
2404 sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(stash), 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
2405 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
2411 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
2417 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
2419 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
2422 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
2423 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
2425 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2428 if (Gv_AMupdate(stash, 0) == -1)
2430 mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
2433 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
2434 if ( amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
2436 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
2437 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
2438 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
2439 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
2440 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
2441 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
2442 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
2443 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
2455 /* Implement tryAMAGICun_MG macro.
2456 Do get magic, then see if the stack arg is overloaded and if so call it.
2458 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2460 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2464 Perl_try_amagic_un(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2468 SV* const arg = TOPs;
2472 if (SvAMAGIC(arg) && (tmpsv = amagic_call(arg, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2473 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2474 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2479 if (SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2480 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2490 if ((flags & AMGf_numeric) && SvROK(arg))
2496 /* Implement tryAMAGICbin_MG macro.
2497 Do get magic, then see if the two stack args are overloaded and if so
2500 AMGf_set return the arg using SETs rather than assigning to
2502 AMGf_assign op may be called as mutator (eg +=)
2503 AMGf_numeric apply sv_2num to the stack arg.
2507 Perl_try_amagic_bin(pTHX_ int method, int flags) {
2510 SV* const left = TOPm1s;
2511 SV* const right = TOPs;
2517 if (SvAMAGIC(left) || SvAMAGIC(right)) {
2518 SV * const tmpsv = amagic_call(left, right, method,
2519 ((flags & AMGf_assign) && opASSIGN ? AMGf_assign: 0));
2521 if (flags & AMGf_set) {
2528 if (opASSIGN || SvPADMY(TARG)) {
2529 sv_setsv(TARG, tmpsv);
2539 if(left==right && SvGMAGICAL(left)) {
2540 SV * const left = sv_newmortal();
2542 /* Print the uninitialized warning now, so it includes the vari-
2545 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED)) report_uninit(right);
2546 sv_setsv_flags(left, &PL_sv_no, 0);
2548 else sv_setsv_flags(left, right, 0);
2551 if (flags & AMGf_numeric) {
2553 *(sp-1) = sv_2num(TOPm1s);
2555 *sp = sv_2num(right);
2561 Perl_amagic_deref_call(pTHX_ SV *ref, int method) {
2564 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_DEREF_CALL;
2566 while (SvAMAGIC(ref) &&
2567 (tmpsv = amagic_call(ref, &PL_sv_undef, method,
2568 AMGf_noright | AMGf_unary))) {
2570 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Overloaded dereference did not return a reference");
2571 if (tmpsv == ref || SvRV(tmpsv) == SvRV(ref)) {
2572 /* Bail out if it returns us the same reference. */
2577 return tmpsv ? tmpsv : ref;
2581 Perl_amagic_is_enabled(pTHX_ int method)
2583 SV *lex_mask = cop_hints_fetch_pvs(PL_curcop, "overloading", 0);
2585 assert(PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC);
2587 if ( !lex_mask || !SvOK(lex_mask) )
2588 /* overloading lexically disabled */
2590 else if ( lex_mask && SvPOK(lex_mask) ) {
2591 /* we have an entry in the hints hash, check if method has been
2592 * masked by overloading.pm */
2594 const int offset = method / 8;
2595 const int bit = method % 8;
2596 char *pv = SvPV(lex_mask, len);
2598 /* Bit set, so this overloading operator is disabled */
2599 if ( (STRLEN)offset < len && pv[offset] & ( 1 << bit ) )
2606 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
2611 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
2612 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
2613 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
2614 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
2615 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
2616 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
2617 int use_default_op = 0;
2618 int force_scalar = 0;
2624 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
2626 if ( PL_curcop->cop_hints & HINT_NO_AMAGIC ) {
2627 if (!amagic_is_enabled(method)) return NULL;
2630 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
2631 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2632 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2633 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2634 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2636 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
2637 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
2643 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
2644 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
2646 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
2649 /* look for substituted methods */
2650 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
2654 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
2655 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
2656 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2661 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
2662 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
2663 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
2667 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2670 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2673 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
2676 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
2677 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
2678 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
2685 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
2688 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
2689 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
2691 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
2692 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
2694 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
2695 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
2696 /* No need to do SvAMAGIC_on here, as SvAMAGIC macros
2697 delegate to the stash. */
2698 SvSTASH_set(newref, MUTABLE_HV(SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef))));
2704 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
2705 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
2706 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2708 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2709 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
2710 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
2712 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
2713 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
2714 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
2717 if (off==subtr_amg) {
2728 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
2730 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
2735 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2736 case ftest_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
2739 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2747 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2752 if (!cv) goto not_found;
2753 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
2754 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right))) && Gv_AMG(stash)
2755 && (mg = mg_find((const SV *)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
2756 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
2757 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
2759 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
2762 } else if (((cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)
2763 || (ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER))
2764 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
2765 /* We look for substitution for
2766 * comparison operations and
2768 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
2769 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
2770 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2792 if (ocvp && (oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2796 if (!cv && (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER)) {
2806 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2814 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2817 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2818 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2819 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2820 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2821 } else if ((use_default_op =
2822 (!ocvp || oamtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES)
2823 && (!cvp || amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES))
2825 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2829 if (off==-1) off=method;
2830 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2831 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%"SVf"%s%"SVf,
2832 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2833 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2835 "in overloaded package ":
2836 "has no overloaded magic",
2838 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))))):
2841 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2844 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2846 SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))))):
2847 SVfARG(&PL_sv_no)));
2848 if (use_default_op) {
2849 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg)) );
2851 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2855 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2860 /* in these cases, we're calling '+' or '-' as a fallback for a ++ or --
2861 * operation. we need this to return a value, so that it can be assigned
2862 * later on, in the postpr block (case inc_amg/dec_amg), even if the
2863 * increment or decrement was itself called in void context */
2869 if (off == subtr_amg)
2872 /* in these cases, we're calling an assignment variant of an operator
2873 * (+= rather than +, for instance). regardless of whether it's a
2874 * fallback or not, it always has to return a value, which will be
2875 * assigned to the proper variable later */
2892 /* the copy constructor always needs to return a value */
2896 /* because of the way these are implemented (they don't perform the
2897 * dereferencing themselves, they return a reference that perl then
2898 * dereferences later), they always have to be in scalar context */
2906 /* these don't have an op of their own; they're triggered by their parent
2907 * op, so the context there isn't meaningful ('$a and foo()' in void
2908 * context still needs to pass scalar context on to $a's bool overload) */
2918 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2919 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %"SVf"%s\n",
2921 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2923 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2924 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2925 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2926 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2927 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2928 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2929 stash ? SVfARG(sv_2mortal(newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)))) : SVfARG(newSVpvs_flags("null", SVs_TEMP)),
2930 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2933 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2934 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2935 * version of copy operator
2937 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2938 * a) Assignment form was called.
2939 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2940 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2941 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2942 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2943 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2945 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2946 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2948 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2949 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2952 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2953 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2955 if ( (lr == -1) && ( ( (method + assignshift == off)
2956 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2959 /* newSVsv does not behave as advertised, so we copy missing
2960 * information by hand */
2961 SV *tmpRef = SvRV(left);
2963 if (SvREFCNT(tmpRef) > 1 && (rv_copy = AMG_CALLunary(left,copy_amg))) {
2964 SvRV_set(left, rv_copy);
2966 SvREFCNT_dec_NN(tmpRef);
2974 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2976 int gimme = force_scalar ? G_SCALAR : GIMME_V;
2979 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2980 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2981 myop.op_next = NULL;
2982 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
2986 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_VOID;
2989 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
2990 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
2995 myop.op_flags |= OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
2999 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
3002 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
3003 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
3004 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
3006 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3008 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
3009 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
3010 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
3011 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
3013 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
3014 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
3016 PUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(cv));
3020 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX)))
3024 nret = SP - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
3028 /* returning NULL has another meaning, and we check the context
3029 * at the call site too, so this can be differentiated from the
3032 SP = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
3035 if (flags & AMGf_want_list) {
3036 res = sv_2mortal((SV *)newAV());
3037 av_extend((AV *)res, nret);
3039 av_store((AV *)res, nret, POPs);
3051 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
3058 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
3061 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
3064 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
3067 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
3070 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
3073 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
3076 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
3078 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
3083 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
3085 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
3087 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
3095 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
3100 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
3103 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
3105 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
3106 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
3109 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
3110 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, (flags & SVf_UTF8 ? -(I32)len : (I32)len), hash);
3114 =for apidoc gv_try_downgrade
3116 If the typeglob C<gv> can be expressed more succinctly, by having
3117 something other than a real GV in its place in the stash, replace it
3118 with the optimised form. Basic requirements for this are that C<gv>
3119 is a real typeglob, is sufficiently ordinary, and is only referenced
3120 from its package. This function is meant to be used when a GV has been
3121 looked up in part to see what was there, causing upgrading, but based
3122 on what was found it turns out that the real GV isn't required after all.
3124 If C<gv> is a completely empty typeglob, it is deleted from the stash.
3126 If C<gv> is a typeglob containing only a sufficiently-ordinary constant
3127 sub, the typeglob is replaced with a scalar-reference placeholder that
3128 more compactly represents the same thing.
3134 Perl_gv_try_downgrade(pTHX_ GV *gv)
3140 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_TRY_DOWNGRADE;
3142 /* XXX Why and where does this leave dangling pointers during global
3144 if (PL_phase == PERL_PHASE_DESTRUCT) return;
3146 if (!(SvREFCNT(gv) == 1 && SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && !SvFAKE(gv) &&
3147 !SvOBJECT(gv) && !SvREADONLY(gv) &&
3148 isGV_with_GP(gv) && GvGP(gv) &&
3149 !GvINTRO(gv) && GvREFCNT(gv) == 1 &&
3150 !GvSV(gv) && !GvAV(gv) && !GvHV(gv) && !GvIOp(gv) && !GvFORM(gv) &&
3151 GvEGVx(gv) == gv && (stash = GvSTASH(gv))))
3153 if (SvMAGICAL(gv)) {
3155 /* only backref magic is allowed */
3156 if (SvGMAGICAL(gv) || SvSMAGICAL(gv))
3158 for (mg = SvMAGIC(gv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
3159 if (mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_backref)
3165 HEK *gvnhek = GvNAME_HEK(gv);
3166 (void)hv_delete(stash, HEK_KEY(gvnhek),
3167 HEK_UTF8(gvnhek) ? -HEK_LEN(gvnhek) : HEK_LEN(gvnhek), G_DISCARD);
3168 } else if (GvMULTI(gv) && cv &&
3169 !SvOBJECT(cv) && !SvMAGICAL(cv) && !SvREADONLY(cv) &&
3170 CvSTASH(cv) == stash && CvGV(cv) == gv &&
3171 CvCONST(cv) && !CvMETHOD(cv) && !CvLVALUE(cv) && !CvUNIQUE(cv) &&
3172 !CvNODEBUG(cv) && !CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv) && !CvANON(cv) &&
3173 (namehek = GvNAME_HEK(gv)) &&
3174 (gvp = hv_fetch(stash, HEK_KEY(namehek),
3175 HEK_LEN(namehek)*(HEK_UTF8(namehek) ? -1 : 1), 0)) &&
3177 SV *value = SvREFCNT_inc(CvXSUBANY(cv).any_ptr);
3178 const bool imported = !!GvIMPORTED_CV(gv);
3182 SvFLAGS(gv) = SVt_IV|SVf_ROK|SVprv_PCS_IMPORTED * imported;
3183 SvANY(gv) = (XPVGV*)((char*)&(gv->sv_u.svu_iv) -
3184 STRUCT_OFFSET(XPVIV, xiv_iv));
3185 SvRV_set(gv, value);
3192 core_xsub(pTHX_ CV* cv)
3195 "&CORE::%s cannot be called directly", GvNAME(CvGV(cv))
3201 * c-indentation-style: bsd
3203 * indent-tabs-mode: nil
3206 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et: