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1 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see. |
2 | It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially | |
3 | designed to be readable as is. | |
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4 | |
5 | =head1 NAME | |
6 | ||
de2902a6 | 7 | perlhpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems |
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8 | |
9 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
10 | ||
60ed1d8c GS |
11 | This document describes various features of HP's Unix operating system |
12 | (HP-UX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) is | |
13 | compiled and/or runs. | |
f2a260d6 | 14 | |
c3c48d5c JH |
15 | =head2 Using perl as shipped with HP-UX |
16 | ||
7cd31a2a MB |
17 | Application release September 2001, HP-UX 11.00 is the first to ship |
18 | with Perl. By the time it was perl-5.6.1 in /opt/perl. The first | |
19 | occurrence is on CD 5012-7954 and can be installed using | |
c3c48d5c | 20 | |
af8e01f2 | 21 | swinstall -s /cdrom perl |
c3c48d5c | 22 | |
34d14706 | 23 | assuming you have mounted that CD on /cdrom. |
c3c48d5c | 24 | |
c8fb9d34 MB |
25 | That build was a portable hppa-1.1 multithread build that supports large |
26 | files compiled with gcc-2.9-hppa-991112. | |
c3c48d5c | 27 | |
c8fb9d34 | 28 | If you perform a new installation, then (a newer) Perl will be installed |
34d14706 | 29 | automatically. Pre-installed HP-UX systems now have more recent versions |
c8fb9d34 | 30 | of Perl and the updated modules. |
c3c48d5c | 31 | |
c8fb9d34 MB |
32 | The official (threaded) builds from HP, as they are shipped on the |
33 | Application DVD/CD's are available on | |
635d4d9b | 34 | L<http://www.software.hp.com/portal/swdepot/displayProductInfo.do?productNumber=PERL> |
c8fb9d34 | 35 | for both PA-RISC and IPF (Itanium Processor Family). They are built |
ddce4f23 | 36 | with the HP ANSI-C compiler. Up till 5.8.8 that was done by ActiveState. |
d59d3052 MB |
37 | |
38 | To see what version is included on the DVD (assumed here to be mounted | |
39 | on /cdrom), issue this command: | |
40 | ||
41 | # swlist -s /cdrom perl | |
42 | # perl D.5.8.8.B 5.8.8 Perl Programming Language | |
43 | perl.Perl5-32 D.5.8.8.B 32-bit 5.8.8 Perl Programming Language with Extensions | |
44 | perl.Perl5-64 D.5.8.8.B 64-bit 5.8.8 Perl Programming Language with Extensions | |
7cd31a2a | 45 | |
34d14706 MB |
46 | To see what is installed on your system: |
47 | ||
48 | # swlist -R perl | |
49 | # perl E.5.8.8.J Perl Programming Language | |
50 | # perl.Perl5-32 E.5.8.8.J 32-bit Perl Programming Language with Extensions | |
51 | perl.Perl5-32.PERL-MAN E.5.8.8.J 32-bit Perl Man Pages for IA | |
52 | perl.Perl5-32.PERL-RUN E.5.8.8.J 32-bit Perl Binaries for IA | |
53 | # perl.Perl5-64 E.5.8.8.J 64-bit Perl Programming Language with Extensions | |
54 | perl.Perl5-64.PERL-MAN E.5.8.8.J 64-bit Perl Man Pages for IA | |
55 | perl.Perl5-64.PERL-RUN E.5.8.8.J 64-bit Perl Binaries for IA | |
56 | ||
48529397 MB |
57 | =head2 Using perl from HP's porting centre |
58 | ||
34d14706 MB |
59 | HP porting centre tries to keep up with customer demand and release |
60 | updates from the Open Source community. Having precompiled Perl binaries | |
61 | available is obvious, though "up-to-date" is something relative. At the | |
62 | moment of writing only perl-5.10.1 was available (with 5.16.3 being the | |
63 | latest stable release from the porters point of view). | |
48529397 MB |
64 | |
65 | The HP porting centres are limited in what systems they are allowed | |
66 | to port to and they usually choose the two most recent OS versions | |
34d14706 | 67 | available. |
48529397 MB |
68 | |
69 | HP has asked the porting centre to move Open Source binaries | |
70 | from /opt to /usr/local, so binaries produced since the start | |
71 | of July 2002 are located in /usr/local. | |
72 | ||
635d4d9b | 73 | One of HP porting centres URL's is L<http://hpux.connect.org.uk/> |
48529397 MB |
74 | The port currently available is built with GNU gcc. |
75 | ||
34d14706 MB |
76 | =head2 Other prebuilt perl binaries |
77 | ||
78 | To get even more recent perl depots for the whole range of HP-UX, visit | |
79 | H.Merijn Brand's site at L<http://mirrors.develooper.com/hpux/#Perl>. | |
80 | Carefully read the notes to see if the available versions suit your needs. | |
81 | ||
f2a260d6 GS |
82 | =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX |
83 | ||
60ed1d8c GS |
84 | When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. The C compiler |
85 | that ships with all HP-UX systems is a K&R compiler that should only be | |
86 | used to build new kernels. | |
f2a260d6 GS |
87 | |
88 | Perl can be compiled with either HP's ANSI C compiler or with gcc. The | |
60ed1d8c GS |
89 | former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no |
90 | difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that | |
91 | require the use of HP compiler-specific command-line flags. | |
f2a260d6 | 92 | |
60ed1d8c | 93 | If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and |
b48c3bfb | 94 | complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific |
60ed1d8c | 95 | details. |
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96 | |
97 | =head2 PA-RISC | |
98 | ||
c8fb9d34 | 99 | HP's HP9000 Unix systems run on HP's own Precision Architecture |
60ed1d8c GS |
100 | (PA-RISC) chip. HP-UX used to run on the Motorola MC68000 family of |
101 | chips, but any machine with this chip in it is quite obsolete and this | |
102 | document will not attempt to address issues for compiling Perl on the | |
103 | Motorola chipset. | |
f2a260d6 | 104 | |
06c0dd34 MB |
105 | The version of PA-RISC at the time of this document's last update is 2.0, |
106 | which is also the last there will be. HP PA-RISC systems are usually | |
107 | refered to with model description "HP 9000". The last CPU in this series | |
108 | is the PA-8900. Support for PA-RISC architectured machines officially | |
109 | ends as shown in the following table: | |
c8fb9d34 MB |
110 | |
111 | PA-RISC End-of-Life Roadmap | |
112 | +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ | |
113 | | HP9000 | Superdome | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | | |
114 | | 4-128 | | PA-8800/sx1000 | Summer 2012 | | |
115 | | cores | | PA-8900/sx1000 | 2014 | | |
116 | | | | PA-8900/sx2000 | 2015 | | |
117 | +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ | |
118 | | HP9000 | rp7410, rp8400 | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | | |
119 | | 2-32 | rp7420, rp8420 | PA-8800/sx1000 | 2012 | | |
120 | | cores | rp7440, rp8440 | PA-8900/sx1000 | Autumn 2013 | | |
121 | | | | PA-8900/sx2000 | 2015 | | |
122 | +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ | |
123 | | HP9000 | rp44x0 | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | | |
124 | | 1-8 | | PA-8800/rp44x0 | 2012 | | |
125 | | cores | | PA-8900/rp44x0 | 2014 | | |
126 | +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ | |
127 | | HP9000 | rp34x0 | PA-8700 | Spring 2011 | | |
128 | | 1-4 | | PA-8800/rp34x0 | 2012 | | |
129 | | cores | | PA-8900/rp34x0 | 2014 | | |
130 | +--------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+ | |
f2a260d6 | 131 | |
635d4d9b | 132 | From L<http://www.hp.com/products1/evolution/9000/faqs.html> |
06c0dd34 | 133 | |
e59066d8 | 134 | The last order date for HP 9000 systems was December 31, 2008. |
06c0dd34 | 135 | |
2608e3b7 MB |
136 | A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in the file |
137 | /usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models. The first column corresponds to the last | |
138 | part of the output of the "model" command. The second column is the | |
139 | PA-RISC version and the third column is the exact chip type used. | |
140 | (Start browsing at the bottom to prevent confusion ;-) | |
141 | ||
af8e01f2 MB |
142 | # model |
143 | 9000/800/L1000-44 | |
144 | # grep L1000-44 /usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models | |
145 | L1000-44 2.0 PA8500 | |
146 | ||
147 | =head2 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions | |
148 | ||
149 | An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not execute on a | |
150 | PA-RISC 1.1 platform, even if they are running the same version of | |
151 | HP-UX. If you are building Perl on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that | |
152 | Perl to also run on a PA-RISC 1.1, the compiler flags +DAportable and | |
153 | +DS32 should be used. | |
154 | ||
155 | It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables on either | |
156 | the PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0 platforms. The command-line flags are accepted, | |
157 | but the resulting executable will not run when transferred to a PA-RISC | |
158 | 1.0 system. | |
2608e3b7 | 159 | |
f2a260d6 GS |
160 | =head2 PA-RISC 1.0 |
161 | ||
162 | The original version of PA-RISC, HP no longer sells any system with this chip. | |
163 | ||
13e84f2c | 164 | The following systems contained PA-RISC 1.0 chips: |
f2a260d6 | 165 | |
af8e01f2 MB |
166 | 600, 635, 645, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840, 842, 845, 850, |
167 | 852, 855, 860, 865, 870, 890 | |
f2a260d6 GS |
168 | |
169 | =head2 PA-RISC 1.1 | |
170 | ||
171 | An upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it shipped for many years in many different | |
172 | system. | |
173 | ||
174 | The following systems contain with PA-RISC 1.1 chips: | |
175 | ||
af8e01f2 MB |
176 | 705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 742, 743, 744, 745, |
177 | 747, 750, 755, 770, 777, 778, 779, 800, 801, 803, 806, 807, 809, 811, | |
178 | 813, 816, 817, 819, 821, 826, 827, 829, 831, 837, 839, 841, 847, 849, | |
179 | 851, 856, 857, 859, 867, 869, 877, 887, 891, 892, 897, A180, A180C, | |
180 | B115, B120, B132L, B132L+, B160L, B180L, C100, C110, C115, C120, | |
181 | C160L, D200, D210, D220, D230, D250, D260, D310, D320, D330, D350, | |
182 | D360, D410, DX0, DX5, DXO, E25, E35, E45, E55, F10, F20, F30, G30, | |
183 | G40, G50, G60, G70, H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70, I30, I40, I50, I60, | |
184 | I70, J200, J210, J210XC, K100, K200, K210, K220, K230, K400, K410, | |
185 | K420, S700i, S715, S744, S760, T500, T520 | |
f2a260d6 GS |
186 | |
187 | =head2 PA-RISC 2.0 | |
188 | ||
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189 | The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added support for |
190 | 64-bit integer data. | |
f2a260d6 | 191 | |
60ed1d8c | 192 | As of the date of this document's last update, the following systems |
d464cda8 | 193 | contain PA-RISC 2.0 chips: |
f2a260d6 | 194 | |
af8e01f2 MB |
195 | 700, 780, 781, 782, 783, 785, 802, 804, 810, 820, 861, 871, 879, 889, |
196 | 893, 895, 896, 898, 899, A400, A500, B1000, B2000, C130, C140, C160, | |
197 | C180, C180+, C180-XP, C200+, C400+, C3000, C360, C3600, CB260, D270, | |
198 | D280, D370, D380, D390, D650, J220, J2240, J280, J282, J400, J410, | |
199 | J5000, J5500XM, J5600, J7000, J7600, K250, K260, K260-EG, K270, K360, | |
200 | K370, K380, K450, K460, K460-EG, K460-XP, K470, K570, K580, L1000, | |
201 | L2000, L3000, N4000, R380, R390, SD16000, SD32000, SD64000, T540, | |
202 | T600, V2000, V2200, V2250, V2500, V2600 | |
1a4e8251 | 203 | |
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204 | Just before HP took over Compaq, some systems were renamed. the link |
205 | that contained the explanation is dead, so here's a short summary: | |
08c5bf6e | 206 | |
af8e01f2 MB |
207 | HP 9000 A-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp2400 series. |
208 | HP 9000 L-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp5400 series. | |
209 | HP 9000 N-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp7400. | |
08c5bf6e | 210 | |
2d99a181 MB |
211 | rp2400, rp2405, rp2430, rp2450, rp2470, rp3410, rp3440, rp4410, |
212 | rp4440, rp5400, rp5405, rp5430, rp5450, rp5470, rp7400, rp7405, | |
c8fb9d34 | 213 | rp7410, rp7420, rp7440, rp8400, rp8420, rp8440, Superdome |
b20ef1a8 MB |
214 | |
215 | The current naming convention is: | |
216 | ||
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217 | aadddd |
218 | ||||`+- 00 - 99 relative capacity & newness (upgrades, etc.) | |
219 | |||`--- unique number for each architecture to ensure different | |
220 | ||| systems do not have the same numbering across | |
221 | ||| architectures | |
222 | ||`---- 1 - 9 identifies family and/or relative positioning | |
223 | || | |
224 | |`----- c = ia32 (cisc) | |
225 | | p = pa-risc | |
226 | | x = ia-64 (Itanium & Itanium 2) | |
227 | | h = housing | |
228 | `------ t = tower | |
229 | r = rack optimized | |
230 | s = super scalable | |
231 | b = blade | |
232 | sa = appliance | |
13e84f2c | 233 | |
c8fb9d34 | 234 | =head2 Itanium Processor Family (IPF) and HP-UX |
13e84f2c JH |
235 | |
236 | HP-UX also runs on the new Itanium processor. This requires the use | |
7cd31a2a | 237 | of a different version of HP-UX (currently 11.23 or 11i v2), and with |
b20ef1a8 MB |
238 | the exception of a few differences detailed below and in later sections, |
239 | Perl should compile with no problems. | |
13e84f2c JH |
240 | |
241 | Although PA-RISC binaries can run on Itanium systems, you should not | |
242 | attempt to use a PA-RISC version of Perl on an Itanium system. This is | |
243 | because shared libraries created on an Itanium system cannot be loaded | |
244 | while running a PA-RISC executable. | |
f2a260d6 | 245 | |
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246 | HP Itanium 2 systems are usually refered to with model description |
247 | "HP Integrity". | |
248 | ||
3e098ebc | 249 | =head2 Itanium, Itanium 2 & Madison 6 |
af8e01f2 | 250 | |
c8fb9d34 | 251 | HP also ships servers with the 128-bit Itanium processor(s). The cx26x0 |
3e098ebc MB |
252 | is told to have Madison 6. As of the date of this document's last update, |
253 | the following systems contain Itanium or Itanium 2 chips (this is likely | |
254 | to be out of date): | |
af8e01f2 | 255 | |
34d14706 MB |
256 | BL60p, BL860c, BL870c, BL890c, cx2600, cx2620, rx1600, rx1620, rx2600, |
257 | rx2600hptc, rx2620, rx2660, rx2800, rx3600, rx4610, rx4640, rx5670, | |
913ba1b7 MB |
258 | rx6600, rx7420, rx7620, rx7640, rx8420, rx8620, rx8640, rx9610, |
259 | sx1000, sx2000 | |
af8e01f2 MB |
260 | |
261 | To see all about your machine, type | |
262 | ||
263 | # model | |
264 | ia64 hp server rx2600 | |
265 | # /usr/contrib/bin/machinfo | |
266 | ||
d59d3052 MB |
267 | =head2 HP-UX versions |
268 | ||
269 | Not all architectures (PA = PA-RISC, IPF = Itanium Processor Family) | |
270 | support all versions of HP-UX, here is a short list | |
271 | ||
34d14706 MB |
272 | HP-UX version Kernel Architecture End-of-factory support |
273 | ------------- ------ ------------ ---------------------------------- | |
274 | 10.20 32 bit PA 30-Jun-2003 | |
275 | 11.00 32/64 PA 31-Dec-2006 | |
276 | 11.11 11i v1 32/64 PA 31-Dec-2015 | |
277 | 11.22 11i v2 64 IPF 30-Apr-2004 | |
278 | 11.23 11i v2 64 PA & IPF 31-Dec-2015 | |
279 | 11.31 11i v3 64 PA & IPF 31-Dec-2020 (PA) 31-Dec-2022 (IPF) | |
d59d3052 MB |
280 | |
281 | See for the full list of hardware/OS support and expected end-of-life | |
635d4d9b | 282 | L<http://www.hp.com/go/hpuxservermatrix> |
d59d3052 | 283 | |
f2a260d6 GS |
284 | =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX |
285 | ||
286 | HP-UX supports dynamically loadable libraries (shared libraries). | |
13e84f2c JH |
287 | Shared libraries end with the suffix .sl. On Itanium systems, |
288 | they end with the suffix .so. | |
f2a260d6 | 289 | |
60ed1d8c GS |
290 | Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular PA-RISC |
291 | version are not usable on platforms using an earlier PA-RISC version by | |
292 | default. However, this backwards compatibility may be enabled using the | |
293 | same +DAportable compiler flag (with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat | |
294 | mentioned above). | |
f2a260d6 | 295 | |
13e84f2c JH |
296 | Shared libraries created on an Itanium platform cannot be loaded on |
297 | a PA-RISC platform. Shared libraries created on a PA-RISC platform | |
298 | can only be loaded on an Itanium platform if it is a PA-RISC executable | |
299 | that is attempting to load the PA-RISC library. A PA-RISC shared | |
300 | library cannot be loaded into an Itanium executable nor vice-versa. | |
301 | ||
f2a260d6 GS |
302 | To create a shared library, the following steps must be performed: |
303 | ||
af8e01f2 MB |
304 | 1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module |
305 | which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC). The linker will | |
306 | tell you in the next step if +Z was needed. | |
307 | (For gcc, the appropriate flag is -fpic or -fPIC.) | |
f2a260d6 | 308 | |
af8e01f2 MB |
309 | 2. Link the shared library using the -b flag. If the code calls |
310 | any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must | |
311 | be included on this line. | |
f2a260d6 GS |
312 | |
313 | (Note that these steps are usually handled automatically by the extension's | |
314 | Makefile). | |
315 | ||
316 | If these dependent libraries are not listed at shared library creation | |
317 | time, you will get fatal "Unresolved symbol" errors at run time when the | |
318 | library is loaded. | |
319 | ||
a75f7dba | 320 | You may create a shared library that refers to another library, which |
60ed1d8c GS |
321 | may be either an archive library or a shared library. If this second |
322 | library is a shared library, this is called a "dependent library". The | |
323 | dependent library's name is recorded in the main shared library, but it | |
324 | is not linked into the shared library. Instead, it is loaded when the | |
325 | main shared library is loaded. This can cause problems if you build an | |
326 | extension on one system and move it to another system where the | |
327 | libraries may not be located in the same place as on the first system. | |
f2a260d6 GS |
328 | |
329 | If the referred library is an archive library, then it is treated as a | |
330 | simple collection of .o modules (all of which must contain PIC). These | |
331 | modules are then linked into the shared library. | |
332 | ||
60ed1d8c GS |
333 | Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a dependent |
334 | library that is already linked into perl. | |
f2a260d6 | 335 | |
42be3f00 JH |
336 | Some extensions, like DB_File and Compress::Zlib use/require prebuilt |
337 | libraries for the perl extensions/modules to work. If these libraries | |
3853ea39 JH |
338 | are built using the default configuration, it might happen that you |
339 | run into an error like "invalid loader fixup" during load phase. | |
340 | HP is aware of this problem. Search the HP-UX cxx-dev forums for | |
341 | discussions about the subject. The short answer is that B<everything> | |
342 | (all libraries, everything) must be compiled with C<+z> or C<+Z> to be | |
b48c3bfb AD |
343 | PIC (position independent code). (For gcc, that would be |
344 | C<-fpic> or C<-fPIC>). In HP-UX 11.00 or newer the linker | |
3853ea39 | 345 | error message should tell the name of the offending object file. |
42be3f00 JH |
346 | |
347 | A more general approach is to intervene manually, as with an example for | |
348 | the DB_File module, which requires SleepyCat's libdb.sl: | |
349 | ||
af8e01f2 MB |
350 | # cd .../db-3.2.9/build_unix |
351 | # vi Makefile | |
352 | ... add +Z to all cflags to create shared objects | |
353 | CFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \ | |
c8fb9d34 | 354 | -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6 |
af8e01f2 | 355 | CXXFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \ |
c8fb9d34 | 356 | -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6 |
af8e01f2 MB |
357 | |
358 | # make clean | |
359 | # make | |
360 | # mkdir tmp | |
361 | # cd tmp | |
362 | # ar x ../libdb.a | |
363 | # ld -b -o libdb-3.2.sl *.o | |
364 | # mv libdb-3.2.sl /usr/local/lib | |
365 | # rm *.o | |
366 | # cd /usr/local/lib | |
367 | # rm -f libdb.sl | |
368 | # ln -s libdb-3.2.sl libdb.sl | |
369 | ||
370 | # cd .../DB_File-1.76 | |
371 | # make distclean | |
372 | # perl Makefile.PL | |
373 | # make | |
374 | # make test | |
375 | # make install | |
376 | ||
377 | As of db-4.2.x it is no longer needed to do this by hand. Sleepycat | |
378 | has changed the configuration process to add +z on HP-UX automatically. | |
379 | ||
380 | # cd .../db-4.2.25/build_unix | |
6a555251 | 381 | # env CFLAGS=+DD64 LDFLAGS=+DD64 ../dist/configure |
af8e01f2 MB |
382 | |
383 | should work to generate 64bit shared libraries for HP-UX 11.00 and 11i. | |
42be3f00 | 384 | |
13e84f2c JH |
385 | It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared libraries (even |
386 | though the command-line flags are still present). | |
387 | ||
388 | PA-RISC and Itanium object files are not interchangeable. Although | |
389 | you may be able to use ar to create an archive library of PA-RISC | |
390 | object files on an Itanium system, you cannot link against it using | |
391 | an Itanium link editor. | |
f2a260d6 GS |
392 | |
393 | =head2 The HP ANSI C Compiler | |
394 | ||
60ed1d8c GS |
395 | When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure that the |
396 | flag -Aa is added to the cpprun and cppstdin variables in the config.sh | |
42be3f00 JH |
397 | file (though see the section on 64-bit perl below). If you are using a |
398 | recent version of the Perl distribution, these flags are set automatically. | |
f2a260d6 | 399 | |
6a555251 MB |
400 | Even though HP-UX 10.20 and 11.00 are not actively maintained by HP |
401 | anymore, updates for the HP ANSI C compiler are still available from | |
402 | time to time, and it might be advisable to see if updates are applicable. | |
403 | At the moment of writing, the latests available patches for 11.00 that | |
404 | should be applied are PHSS_35098, PHSS_35175, PHSS_35100, PHSS_33036, | |
405 | and PHSS_33902). If you have a SUM account, you can use it to search | |
406 | for updates/patches. Enter "ANSI" as keyword. | |
407 | ||
2be3a552 MB |
408 | =head2 The GNU C Compiler |
409 | ||
410 | When you are going to use the GNU C compiler (gcc), and you don't have | |
411 | gcc yet, you can either build it yourself from the sources (available | |
464a08e7 | 412 | from e.g. L<http://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html>) or fetch |
34d14706 MB |
413 | a prebuilt binary from the HP porting center |
414 | at L<http://hpux.connect.org.uk/hppd/cgi-bin/search?term=gcc&Search=Search> | |
415 | or from the DSPP (you need to be a member) at | |
416 | L<http://h21007.www2.hp.com/portal/site/dspp/menuitem.863c3e4cbcdc3f3515b49c108973a801?ciid=2a08725cc2f02110725cc2f02110275d6e10RCRD&jumpid=reg_r1002_usen_c-001_title_r0001> | |
08d7a6b2 LB |
417 | (Browse through the list, because there are often multiple versions of |
418 | the same package available). | |
2be3a552 | 419 | |
34d14706 | 420 | Most mentioned distributions are depots. H.Merijn Brand has made prebuilt |
635d4d9b | 421 | gcc binaries available on L<http://mirrors.develooper.com/hpux/> and/or |
34d14706 MB |
422 | L<http://www.cmve.net/~merijn/> for HP-UX 10.20 (only 32bit), HP-UX 11.00, |
423 | HP-UX 11.11 (HP-UX 11i v1), and HP-UX 11.23 (HP-UX 11i v2 PA-RISC) in both | |
424 | 32- and 64-bit versions. For HP-UX 11.23 IPF and HP-UX 11.31 IPF depots are | |
425 | available too. The IPF versions do not need two versions of GNU gcc. | |
b20ef1a8 MB |
426 | |
427 | On PA-RISC you need a different compiler for 32-bit applications and for | |
428 | 64-bit applications. On PA-RISC, 32-bit objects and 64-bit objects do | |
fb1ee0ec | 429 | not mix. Period. There is no different behaviour for HP C-ANSI-C or GNU |
b20ef1a8 | 430 | gcc. So if you require your perl binary to use 64-bit libraries, like |
1d69df2b | 431 | Oracle-64bit, you MUST build a 64-bit perl. |
b20ef1a8 | 432 | |
1d69df2b MHM |
433 | Building a 64-bit capable gcc on PA-RISC from source is possible only when |
434 | you have the HP C-ANSI C compiler or an already working 64-bit binary of | |
b20ef1a8 MB |
435 | gcc available. Best performance for perl is achieved with HP's native |
436 | compiler. | |
2be3a552 | 437 | |
a83b6f46 | 438 | =head2 Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX |
f2a260d6 | 439 | |
60ed1d8c GS |
440 | Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB (2^31 bytes) |
441 | may be created and manipulated. Three separate methods of doing this | |
442 | are available. Of these methods, the best method for Perl is to compile | |
443 | using the -Duselargefiles flag to Configure. This causes Perl to be | |
444 | compiled using structures and functions in which these are 64 bits wide, | |
445 | rather than 32 bits wide. (Note that this will only work with HP's ANSI | |
446 | C compiler. If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get | |
aca48073 | 447 | a version of the compiler that supports 64-bit operations. See above for |
f3e4a94e | 448 | where to find it.) |
60ed1d8c GS |
449 | |
450 | There are some drawbacks to this approach. One is that any extension | |
451 | which calls any file-manipulating C function will need to be recompiled | |
f74a9bd3 GS |
452 | (just follow the usual "perl Makefile.PL; make; make test; make install" |
453 | procedure). | |
60ed1d8c | 454 | |
d66be8f9 | 455 | The list of functions that will need to recompiled is: |
c8fb9d34 MB |
456 | creat, fgetpos, fopen, |
457 | freopen, fsetpos, fstat, | |
458 | fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev, ftruncate, | |
459 | ftw, lockf, lseek, | |
460 | lstat, mmap, nftw, | |
461 | open, prealloc, stat, | |
462 | statvfs, statvfsdev, tmpfile, | |
463 | truncate, getrlimit, setrlimit | |
f2a260d6 | 464 | |
60ed1d8c GS |
465 | Another drawback is only valid for Perl versions before 5.6.0. This |
466 | drawback is that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version | |
467 | and POSIX module version) will not perform correctly. | |
468 | ||
469 | It is strongly recommended that you use this flag when you run | |
470 | Configure. If you do not do this, but later answer the question about | |
471 | large files when Configure asks you, you may get a configuration that | |
472 | cannot be compiled, or that does not function as expected. | |
473 | ||
a83b6f46 | 474 | =head2 Threaded Perl on HP-UX |
f2a260d6 | 475 | |
c7d9b096 JH |
476 | It is possible to compile a version of threaded Perl on any version of |
477 | HP-UX before 10.30, but it is strongly suggested that you be running on | |
f2a260d6 GS |
478 | HP-UX 11.00 at least. |
479 | ||
60ed1d8c GS |
480 | To compile Perl with threads, add -Dusethreads to the arguments of |
481 | Configure. Verify that the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is | |
482 | automatically added to the list of flags. Also make sure that -lpthread | |
42be3f00 JH |
483 | is listed before -lc in the list of libraries to link Perl with. The |
484 | hints provided for HP-UX during Configure will try very hard to get | |
485 | this right for you. | |
f2a260d6 | 486 | |
210b36aa | 487 | HP-UX versions before 10.30 require a separate installation of a POSIX |
c7d9b096 JH |
488 | threads library package. Two examples are the HP DCE package, available |
489 | on "HP-UX Hardware Extensions 3.0, Install and Core OS, Release 10.20, | |
490 | April 1999 (B3920-13941)" or the Freely available PTH package, available | |
635d4d9b | 491 | on H.Merijn's site (L<http://mirrors.develooper.com/hpux/>). The use of PTH |
30026e36 | 492 | will be unsupported in perl-5.12 and up and is rather buggy in 5.11.x. |
c7d9b096 | 493 | |
fa01be49 MB |
494 | If you are going to use the HP DCE package, the library used for threading |
495 | is /usr/lib/libcma.sl, but there have been multiple updates of that | |
496 | library over time. Perl will build with the first version, but it | |
497 | will not pass the test suite. Older Oracle versions might be a compelling | |
8e4bcd96 | 498 | reason not to update that library, otherwise please find a newer version |
fa01be49 MB |
499 | in one of the following patches: PHSS_19739, PHSS_20608, or PHSS_23672 |
500 | ||
501 | reformatted output: | |
502 | ||
503 | d3:/usr/lib 106 > what libcma-*.1 | |
504 | libcma-00000.1: | |
505 | HP DCE/9000 1.5 Module: libcma.sl (Export) | |
506 | Date: Apr 29 1996 22:11:24 | |
507 | libcma-19739.1: | |
508 | HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_19739-40 Module: libcma.sl (Export) | |
509 | Date: Sep 4 1999 01:59:07 | |
510 | libcma-20608.1: | |
511 | HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_20608 Module: libcma.1 (Export) | |
512 | Date: Dec 8 1999 18:41:23 | |
513 | libcma-23672.1: | |
514 | HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_23672 Module: libcma.1 (Export) | |
515 | Date: Apr 9 2001 10:01:06 | |
516 | d3:/usr/lib 107 > | |
517 | ||
b204bbd5 MB |
518 | If you choose for the PTH package, use swinstall to install pth in |
519 | the default location (/opt/pth), and then make symbolic links to the | |
520 | libraries from /usr/lib | |
521 | ||
522 | # cd /usr/lib | |
523 | # ln -s /opt/pth/lib/libpth* . | |
524 | ||
2d99a181 MB |
525 | For building perl to support Oracle, it needs to be linked with libcl |
526 | and libpthread. So even if your perl is an unthreaded build, these | |
527 | libraries might be required. See "Oracle on HP-UX" below. | |
fa01be49 | 528 | |
a83b6f46 | 529 | =head2 64-bit Perl on HP-UX |
f2a260d6 | 530 | |
60ed1d8c GS |
531 | Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX can take |
532 | advantage of the LP64 programming environment (LP64 means Longs and | |
b204bbd5 MB |
533 | Pointers are 64 bits wide), in which scalar variables will be able |
534 | to hold numbers larger than 2^32 with complete precision. Perl has | |
535 | proven to be consistent and reliable in 64bit mode since 5.8.1 on | |
536 | all HP-UX 11.xx. | |
f2a260d6 | 537 | |
70dff5ba | 538 | As of the date of this document, Perl is fully 64-bit compliant on |
b20ef1a8 | 539 | HP-UX 11.00 and up for both cc- and gcc builds. If you are about to |
1d69df2b | 540 | build a 64-bit perl with GNU gcc, please read the gcc section carefully. |
f2a260d6 | 541 | |
b204bbd5 MB |
542 | Should a user have the need for compiling Perl in the LP64 environment, |
543 | use the -Duse64bitall flag to Configure. This will force Perl to be | |
544 | compiled in a pure LP64 environment (with the +DD64 flag for HP C-ANSI-C, | |
545 | with no additional options for GNU gcc 64-bit on PA-RISC, and with | |
546 | -mlp64 for GNU gcc on Itanium). | |
b20ef1a8 | 547 | If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get a version of |
aca48073 | 548 | the compiler that supports 64-bit operations.) |
f74a9bd3 | 549 | |
60ed1d8c GS |
550 | You can also use the -Duse64bitint flag to Configure. Although there |
551 | are some minor differences between compiling Perl with this flag versus | |
552 | the -Duse64bitall flag, they should not be noticeable from a Perl user's | |
b204bbd5 MB |
553 | perspective. When configuring -Duse64bitint using a 64bit gcc on a |
554 | pa-risc architecture, -Duse64bitint is silently promoted to -Duse64bitall. | |
f74a9bd3 | 555 | |
60ed1d8c GS |
556 | In both cases, it is strongly recommended that you use these flags when |
557 | you run Configure. If you do not use do this, but later answer the | |
558 | questions about 64-bit numbers when Configure asks you, you may get a | |
559 | configuration that cannot be compiled, or that does not function as | |
560 | expected. | |
f74a9bd3 | 561 | |
5df8692c MB |
562 | =head2 Oracle on HP-UX |
563 | ||
564 | Using perl to connect to Oracle databases through DBI and DBD::Oracle | |
565 | has caused a lot of people many headaches. Read README.hpux in the | |
566 | DBD::Oracle for much more information. The reason to mention it here | |
567 | is that Oracle requires a perl built with libcl and libpthread, the | |
568 | latter even when perl is build without threads. Building perl using | |
569 | all defaults, but still enabling to build DBD::Oracle later on can be | |
570 | achieved using | |
571 | ||
572 | Configure -A prepend:libswanted='cl pthread ' ... | |
573 | ||
191078c7 MB |
574 | Do not forget the space before the trailing quote. |
575 | ||
576 | Also note that this does not (yet) work with all configurations, | |
1d69df2b | 577 | it is known to fail with 64-bit versions of GCC. |
5df8692c | 578 | |
a83b6f46 | 579 | =head2 GDBM and Threads on HP-UX |
d66be8f9 | 580 | |
1802498b MB |
581 | If you attempt to compile Perl with (POSIX) threads on an 11.X system |
582 | and also link in the GDBM library, then Perl will immediately core dump | |
583 | when it starts up. The only workaround at this point is to relink the | |
584 | GDBM library under 11.X, then relink it into Perl. | |
585 | ||
586 | the error might show something like: | |
587 | ||
588 | Pthread internal error: message: __libc_reinit() failed, file: ../pthreads/pthread.c, line: 1096 | |
589 | Return Pointer is 0xc082bf33 | |
590 | sh: 5345 Quit(coredump) | |
591 | ||
592 | and Configure will give up. | |
d66be8f9 | 593 | |
a83b6f46 | 594 | =head2 NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX |
d66be8f9 GS |
595 | |
596 | If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS filesystem, the test | |
60ed1d8c GS |
597 | io/fs.t may fail on test #18. This appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no |
598 | fix is currently available. | |
d66be8f9 | 599 | |
a83b6f46 | 600 | =head2 HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl |
13e84f2c JH |
601 | |
602 | By default, HP-UX comes configured with a maximum data segment size of | |
603 | 64MB. This is too small to correctly compile Perl with the maximum | |
604 | optimization levels. You can increase the size of the maxdsiz kernel | |
605 | parameter through the use of SAM. | |
606 | ||
607 | When using the GUI version of SAM, click on the Kernel Configuration | |
608 | icon, then the Configurable Parameters icon. Scroll down and select | |
609 | the maxdsiz line. From the Actions menu, select the Modify Configurable | |
610 | Parameter item. Insert the new formula into the Formula/Value box. | |
611 | Then follow the instructions to rebuild your kernel and reboot your | |
612 | system. | |
613 | ||
614 | In general, a value of 256MB (or "256*1024*1024") is sufficient for | |
615 | Perl to compile at maximum optimization. | |
616 | ||
1081c3b9 JH |
617 | =head1 nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent |
618 | ||
619 | You may get a bus error core dump from the op/pwent or op/grent | |
620 | tests. If compiled with -g you will see a stack trace much like | |
621 | the following: | |
622 | ||
623 | #0 0xc004216c in () from /usr/lib/libc.2 | |
624 | #1 0xc00d7550 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2 | |
625 | #2 0xc00d7768 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2 | |
48529397 MB |
626 | #3 0xc00d78a8 in nss_delete () from /usr/lib/libc.2 |
627 | #4 0xc01126d8 in endpwent () from /usr/lib/libc.2 | |
1081c3b9 JH |
628 | #5 0xd1950 in Perl_pp_epwent () from ./perl |
629 | #6 0x94d3c in Perl_runops_standard () from ./perl | |
630 | #7 0x23728 in S_run_body () from ./perl | |
631 | #8 0x23428 in perl_run () from ./perl | |
632 | #9 0x2005c in main () from ./perl | |
633 | ||
634 | The key here is the C<nss_delete> call. One workaround for this | |
635 | bug seems to be to create add to the file F</etc/nsswitch.conf> | |
636 | (at least) the following lines | |
637 | ||
48529397 | 638 | group: files |
1081c3b9 JH |
639 | passwd: files |
640 | ||
641 | Whether you are using NIS does not matter. Amazingly enough, | |
3a1825b5 | 642 | the same bug also affects Solaris. |
1081c3b9 | 643 | |
cfcf4a24 MB |
644 | =head1 error: pasting ")" and "l" does not give a valid preprocessing token |
645 | ||
646 | There seems to be a broken system header file in HP-UX 11.00 that | |
647 | breaks perl building in 32bit mode with GNU gcc-4.x causing this | |
648 | error. The same file for HP-UX 11.11 (even though the file is older) | |
649 | does not show this failure, and has the correct definition, so the | |
650 | best fix is to patch the header to match: | |
651 | ||
652 | --- /usr/include/inttypes.h 2001-04-20 18:42:14 +0200 | |
653 | +++ /usr/include/inttypes.h 2000-11-14 09:00:00 +0200 | |
654 | @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ | |
655 | #define UINT32_C(__c) __CONCAT_U__(__c) | |
656 | #else /* __LP64 */ | |
657 | #define INT32_C(__c) __CONCAT__(__c,l) | |
658 | -#define UINT32_C(__c) __CONCAT__(__CONCAT_U__(__c),l) | |
659 | +#define UINT32_C(__c) __CONCAT__(__c,ul) | |
660 | #endif /* __LP64 */ | |
661 | ||
662 | #define INT64_C(__c) __CONCAT_L__(__c,l) | |
663 | ||
664 | ||
bbe83729 MB |
665 | =head1 Miscellaneous |
666 | ||
667 | HP-UX 11 Y2K patch "Y2K-1100 B.11.00.B0125 HP-UX Core OS Year 2000 | |
668 | Patch Bundle" has been reported to break the io/fs test #18 which | |
669 | tests whether utime() can change timestamps. The Y2K patch seems to | |
670 | break utime() so that over NFS the timestamps do not get changed | |
671 | (on local filesystems utime() still works). This has probably been | |
672 | fixed on your system by now. | |
673 | ||
f2a260d6 GS |
674 | =head1 AUTHOR |
675 | ||
3bd76f0a | 676 | H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl> |
bbe83729 | 677 | Jeff Okamoto <okamoto@corp.hp.com> |
f2a260d6 GS |
678 | |
679 | With much assistance regarding shared libraries from Marc Sabatella. | |
680 | ||
f2a260d6 | 681 | =cut |