[perl5.git] / pp_ctl.c

/*    pp_ctl.c
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
 *    2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
 *
 *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
 *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 *
 */

/*
 *      Now far ahead the Road has gone,
 *          And I must follow, if I can,
 *      Pursuing it with eager feet,
 *          Until it joins some larger way
 *      Where many paths and errands meet.
 *          And whither then?  I cannot say.
 *
 *     [Bilbo on p.35 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
 */

/* This file contains control-oriented pp ("push/pop") functions that
 * execute the opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function
 * expects to find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its
 * results onto the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure
 * contains a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
 *
 * Control-oriented means things like pp_enteriter() and pp_next(), which
 * alter the flow of control of the program.
 */


#include "EXTERN.h"
#define PERL_IN_PP_CTL_C
#include "perl.h"

#define DOCATCH(o) ((CATCH_GET == TRUE) ? docatch(o) : (o))

#define dopoptosub(plop)	dopoptosub_at(cxstack, (plop))

PP(pp_wantarray)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;
    I32 cxix;
    const PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    EXTEND(SP, 1);

    if (PL_op->op_private & OPpOFFBYONE) {
	if (!(cx = caller_cx(1,NULL))) RETPUSHUNDEF;
    }
    else {
      cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix);
      if (cxix < 0)
	RETPUSHUNDEF;
      cx = &cxstack[cxix];
    }

    switch (cx->blk_gimme) {
    case G_ARRAY:
	RETPUSHYES;
    case G_SCALAR:
	RETPUSHNO;
    default:
	RETPUSHUNDEF;
    }
}

PP(pp_regcreset)
{
    dVAR;
    TAINT_NOT;
    return NORMAL;
}

PP(pp_regcomp)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;
    PMOP *pm = (PMOP*)cLOGOP->op_other;
    SV **args;
    int nargs;
    REGEXP *re = NULL;
    REGEXP *new_re;
    const regexp_engine *eng;
    bool is_bare_re;

    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
	dMARK;
	nargs = SP - MARK;
	args  = ++MARK;
    }
    else {
	nargs = 1;
	args  = SP;
    }

    /* prevent recompiling under /o and ithreads. */
#if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
    if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP && PM_GETRE(pm)) {
	SP = args-1;
	RETURN;
    }
#endif

    re = PM_GETRE(pm);
    assert (re != (REGEXP*) &PL_sv_undef);
    eng = re ? RX_ENGINE(re) : current_re_engine();

    new_re = (eng->op_comp
		    ? eng->op_comp
		    : &Perl_re_op_compile
	    )(aTHX_ args, nargs, pm->op_code_list, eng, re,
		&is_bare_re,
		(pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME),
		pm->op_pmflags |
		    (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0));
    if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV)
	ReANY(new_re)->qr_anoncv
			= (CV*) SvREFCNT_inc(PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ));

    if (is_bare_re) {
	REGEXP *tmp;
	/* The match's LHS's get-magic might need to access this op's regexp
	   (e.g. $' =~ /$re/ while foo; see bug 70764).  So we must call
	   get-magic now before we replace the regexp. Hopefully this hack can
	   be replaced with the approach described at
	   http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2007/03/msg122415.html
	   some day. */
	if (pm->op_type == OP_MATCH) {
	    SV *lhs;
	    const bool was_tainted = TAINT_get;
	    if (pm->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
		lhs = args[-1];
	    else if (pm->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
		lhs = PAD_SV(pm->op_targ);
	    else lhs = DEFSV;
	    SvGETMAGIC(lhs);
	    /* Restore the previous value of PL_tainted (which may have been
	       modified by get-magic), to avoid incorrectly setting the
	       RXf_TAINTED flag with RX_TAINT_on further down. */
	    TAINT_set(was_tainted);
	}
	tmp = reg_temp_copy(NULL, new_re);
	ReREFCNT_dec(new_re);
	new_re = tmp;
    }
    if (re != new_re) {
	ReREFCNT_dec(re);
	PM_SETRE(pm, new_re);
    }

#ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
    if (TAINTING_get && TAINT_get) {
	SvTAINTED_on((SV*)new_re);
        RX_TAINT_on(new_re);
    }
#endif

#if !defined(USE_ITHREADS)
    /* can't change the optree at runtime either */
    /* PMf_KEEP is handled differently under threads to avoid these problems */
    if (!RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm)) && PL_curpm)
	pm = PL_curpm;
    if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP) {
	pm->op_private &= ~OPpRUNTIME;	/* no point compiling again */
	cLOGOP->op_first->op_next = PL_op->op_next;
    }
#endif

    SP = args-1;
    RETURN;
}


PP(pp_substcont)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
    PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*) cLOGOP->op_other;
    SV * const dstr = cx->sb_dstr;
    char *s = cx->sb_s;
    char *m = cx->sb_m;
    char *orig = cx->sb_orig;
    REGEXP * const rx = cx->sb_rx;
    SV *nsv = NULL;
    REGEXP *old = PM_GETRE(pm);

    PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();

    if(old != rx) {
	if(old)
	    ReREFCNT_dec(old);
	PM_SETRE(pm,ReREFCNT_inc(rx));
    }

    rxres_restore(&cx->sb_rxres, rx);
    RX_MATCH_UTF8_set(rx, DO_UTF8(cx->sb_targ));

    if (cx->sb_iters++) {
	const I32 saviters = cx->sb_iters;
	if (cx->sb_iters > cx->sb_maxiters)
	    DIE(aTHX_ "Substitution loop");

	SvGETMAGIC(TOPs); /* possibly clear taint on $1 etc: #67962 */

    	/* See "how taint works" above pp_subst() */
	if (SvTAINTED(TOPs))
	    cx->sb_rxtainted |= SUBST_TAINT_REPL;
	sv_catsv_nomg(dstr, POPs);
	/* XXX: adjust for positive offsets of \G for instance s/(.)\G//g with positive pos() */
	s -= RX_GOFS(rx);

	/* Are we done */
	if (CxONCE(cx) || s < orig ||
		!CALLREGEXEC(rx, s, cx->sb_strend, orig,
			     (s == m) + RX_GOFS(rx), cx->sb_targ, NULL,
                                (REXEC_IGNOREPOS|REXEC_NOT_FIRST)))
	{
	    SV *targ = cx->sb_targ;

	    assert(cx->sb_strend >= s);
	    if(cx->sb_strend > s) {
		 if (DO_UTF8(dstr) && !SvUTF8(targ))
		      sv_catpvn_nomg_utf8_upgrade(dstr, s, cx->sb_strend - s, nsv);
		 else
		      sv_catpvn_nomg(dstr, s, cx->sb_strend - s);
	    }
	    if (RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx)) /* run time pattern taint, eg locale */
		cx->sb_rxtainted |= SUBST_TAINT_PAT;

	    if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) {
		PUSHs(dstr);
		/* From here on down we're using the copy, and leaving the
		   original untouched.  */
		targ = dstr;
	    }
	    else {
		if (SvIsCOW(targ)) {
		    sv_force_normal_flags(targ, SV_COW_DROP_PV);
		} else
		{
		    SvPV_free(targ);
		}
		SvPV_set(targ, SvPVX(dstr));
		SvCUR_set(targ, SvCUR(dstr));
		SvLEN_set(targ, SvLEN(dstr));
		if (DO_UTF8(dstr))
		    SvUTF8_on(targ);
		SvPV_set(dstr, NULL);

		PL_tainted = 0;
		mPUSHi(saviters - 1);

		(void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(targ);
	    }

	    /* update the taint state of various various variables in
	     * preparation for final exit.
	     * See "how taint works" above pp_subst() */
	    if (TAINTING_get) {
		if ((cx->sb_rxtainted & SUBST_TAINT_PAT) ||
		    ((cx->sb_rxtainted & (SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_RETAINT))
				    == (SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_RETAINT))
		)
		    (RX_MATCH_TAINTED_on(rx)); /* taint $1 et al */

		if (!(cx->sb_rxtainted & SUBST_TAINT_BOOLRET)
		    && (cx->sb_rxtainted & (SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_PAT))
		)
		    SvTAINTED_on(TOPs);  /* taint return value */
		/* needed for mg_set below */
		TAINT_set(
                    cBOOL(cx->sb_rxtainted &
			  (SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_PAT|SUBST_TAINT_REPL))
                );
		SvTAINT(TARG);
	    }
	    /* PL_tainted must be correctly set for this mg_set */
	    SvSETMAGIC(TARG);
	    TAINT_NOT;
	    LEAVE_SCOPE(cx->sb_oldsave);
	    POPSUBST(cx);
	    RETURNOP(pm->op_next);
	    assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
	}
	cx->sb_iters = saviters;
    }
    if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(rx) && RX_SUBBEG(rx) != orig) {
	m = s;
	s = orig;
        assert(!RX_SUBOFFSET(rx));
	cx->sb_orig = orig = RX_SUBBEG(rx);
	s = orig + (m - s);
	cx->sb_strend = s + (cx->sb_strend - m);
    }
    cx->sb_m = m = RX_OFFS(rx)[0].start + orig;
    if (m > s) {
	if (DO_UTF8(dstr) && !SvUTF8(cx->sb_targ))
	    sv_catpvn_nomg_utf8_upgrade(dstr, s, m - s, nsv);
	else
	    sv_catpvn_nomg(dstr, s, m-s);
    }
    cx->sb_s = RX_OFFS(rx)[0].end + orig;
    { /* Update the pos() information. */
	SV * const sv
	    = (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) ? cx->sb_dstr : cx->sb_targ;
	MAGIC *mg;
	SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVMG);
	if (!(mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global))) {
#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
	    if (SvIsCOW(sv))
		sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
#endif
	    mg = sv_magicext(sv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, &PL_vtbl_mglob,
			     NULL, 0);
	}
	mg->mg_len = m - orig;
    }
    if (old != rx)
	(void)ReREFCNT_inc(rx);
    /* update the taint state of various various variables in preparation
     * for calling the code block.
     * See "how taint works" above pp_subst() */
    if (TAINTING_get) {
	if (RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx)) /* run time pattern taint, eg locale */
	    cx->sb_rxtainted |= SUBST_TAINT_PAT;

	if ((cx->sb_rxtainted & SUBST_TAINT_PAT) ||
	    ((cx->sb_rxtainted & (SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_RETAINT))
			    == (SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_RETAINT))
	)
	    (RX_MATCH_TAINTED_on(rx)); /* taint $1 et al */

	if (cx->sb_iters > 1 && (cx->sb_rxtainted & 
			(SUBST_TAINT_STR|SUBST_TAINT_PAT|SUBST_TAINT_REPL)))
	    SvTAINTED_on((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
			 ? cx->sb_dstr : cx->sb_targ);
	TAINT_NOT;
    }
    rxres_save(&cx->sb_rxres, rx);
    PL_curpm = pm;
    RETURNOP(pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart);
}

void
Perl_rxres_save(pTHX_ void **rsp, REGEXP *rx)
{
    UV *p = (UV*)*rsp;
    U32 i;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RXRES_SAVE;
    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;

    if (!p || p[1] < RX_NPARENS(rx)) {
#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
	i = 7 + (RX_NPARENS(rx)+1) * 2;
#else
	i = 6 + (RX_NPARENS(rx)+1) * 2;
#endif
	if (!p)
	    Newx(p, i, UV);
	else
	    Renew(p, i, UV);
	*rsp = (void*)p;
    }

    /* what (if anything) to free on croak */
    *p++ = PTR2UV(RX_MATCH_COPIED(rx) ? RX_SUBBEG(rx) : NULL);
    RX_MATCH_COPIED_off(rx);
    *p++ = RX_NPARENS(rx);

#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
    *p++ = PTR2UV(RX_SAVED_COPY(rx));
    RX_SAVED_COPY(rx) = NULL;
#endif

    *p++ = PTR2UV(RX_SUBBEG(rx));
    *p++ = (UV)RX_SUBLEN(rx);
    *p++ = (UV)RX_SUBOFFSET(rx);
    *p++ = (UV)RX_SUBCOFFSET(rx);
    for (i = 0; i <= RX_NPARENS(rx); ++i) {
	*p++ = (UV)RX_OFFS(rx)[i].start;
	*p++ = (UV)RX_OFFS(rx)[i].end;
    }
}

static void
S_rxres_restore(pTHX_ void **rsp, REGEXP *rx)
{
    UV *p = (UV*)*rsp;
    U32 i;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RXRES_RESTORE;
    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;

    RX_MATCH_COPY_FREE(rx);
    RX_MATCH_COPIED_set(rx, *p);
    *p++ = 0;
    RX_NPARENS(rx) = *p++;

#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
    if (RX_SAVED_COPY(rx))
	SvREFCNT_dec (RX_SAVED_COPY(rx));
    RX_SAVED_COPY(rx) = INT2PTR(SV*,*p);
    *p++ = 0;
#endif

    RX_SUBBEG(rx) = INT2PTR(char*,*p++);
    RX_SUBLEN(rx) = (I32)(*p++);
    RX_SUBOFFSET(rx) = (I32)*p++;
    RX_SUBCOFFSET(rx) = (I32)*p++;
    for (i = 0; i <= RX_NPARENS(rx); ++i) {
	RX_OFFS(rx)[i].start = (I32)(*p++);
	RX_OFFS(rx)[i].end = (I32)(*p++);
    }
}

static void
S_rxres_free(pTHX_ void **rsp)
{
    UV * const p = (UV*)*rsp;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RXRES_FREE;
    PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;

    if (p) {
	void *tmp = INT2PTR(char*,*p);
#ifdef PERL_POISON
#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
	U32 i = 9 + p[1] * 2;
#else
	U32 i = 8 + p[1] * 2;
#endif
#endif

#ifdef PERL_ANY_COW
        SvREFCNT_dec (INT2PTR(SV*,p[2]));
#endif
#ifdef PERL_POISON
        PoisonFree(p, i, sizeof(UV));
#endif

	Safefree(tmp);
	Safefree(p);
	*rsp = NULL;
    }
}

#define FORM_NUM_BLANK (1<<30)
#define FORM_NUM_POINT (1<<29)

PP(pp_formline)
{
    dVAR; dSP; dMARK; dORIGMARK;
    SV * const tmpForm = *++MARK;
    SV *formsv;		    /* contains text of original format */
    U32 *fpc;	    /* format ops program counter */
    char *t;	    /* current append position in target string */
    const char *f;	    /* current position in format string */
    I32 arg;
    SV *sv = NULL; /* current item */
    const char *item = NULL;/* string value of current item */
    I32 itemsize  = 0;	    /* length of current item, possibly truncated */
    I32 fieldsize = 0;	    /* width of current field */
    I32 lines = 0;	    /* number of lines that have been output */
    bool chopspace = (strchr(PL_chopset, ' ') != NULL); /* does $: have space */
    const char *chophere = NULL; /* where to chop current item */
    STRLEN linemark = 0;    /* pos of start of line in output */
    NV value;
    bool gotsome = FALSE;   /* seen at least one non-blank item on this line */
    STRLEN len;
    STRLEN linemax;	    /* estimate of output size in bytes */
    bool item_is_utf8 = FALSE;
    bool targ_is_utf8 = FALSE;
    const char *fmt;
    MAGIC *mg = NULL;
    U8 *source;		    /* source of bytes to append */
    STRLEN to_copy;	    /* how may bytes to append */
    char trans;		    /* what chars to translate */

    mg = doparseform(tmpForm);

    fpc = (U32*)mg->mg_ptr;
    /* the actual string the format was compiled from.
     * with overload etc, this may not match tmpForm */
    formsv = mg->mg_obj;


    SvPV_force(PL_formtarget, len);
    if (SvTAINTED(tmpForm) || SvTAINTED(formsv))
	SvTAINTED_on(PL_formtarget);
    if (DO_UTF8(PL_formtarget))
	targ_is_utf8 = TRUE;
    linemax = (SvCUR(formsv) * (IN_BYTES ? 1 : 3) + 1);
    t = SvGROW(PL_formtarget, len + linemax + 1);
    /* XXX from now onwards, SvCUR(PL_formtarget) is invalid */
    t += len;
    f = SvPV_const(formsv, len);

    for (;;) {
	DEBUG_f( {
	    const char *name = "???";
	    arg = -1;
	    switch (*fpc) {
	    case FF_LITERAL:	arg = fpc[1]; name = "LITERAL";	break;
	    case FF_BLANK:	arg = fpc[1]; name = "BLANK";	break;
	    case FF_SKIP:	arg = fpc[1]; name = "SKIP";	break;
	    case FF_FETCH:	arg = fpc[1]; name = "FETCH";	break;
	    case FF_DECIMAL:	arg = fpc[1]; name = "DECIMAL";	break;

	    case FF_CHECKNL:	name = "CHECKNL";	break;
	    case FF_CHECKCHOP:	name = "CHECKCHOP";	break;
	    case FF_SPACE:	name = "SPACE";		break;
	    case FF_HALFSPACE:	name = "HALFSPACE";	break;
	    case FF_ITEM:	name = "ITEM";		break;
	    case FF_CHOP:	name = "CHOP";		break;
	    case FF_LINEGLOB:	name = "LINEGLOB";	break;
	    case FF_NEWLINE:	name = "NEWLINE";	break;
	    case FF_MORE:	name = "MORE";		break;
	    case FF_LINEMARK:	name = "LINEMARK";	break;
	    case FF_END:	name = "END";		break;
	    case FF_0DECIMAL:	name = "0DECIMAL";	break;
	    case FF_LINESNGL:	name = "LINESNGL";	break;
	    }
	    if (arg >= 0)
		PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%-16s%ld\n", name, (long) arg);
	    else
		PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%-16s\n", name);
	} );
	switch (*fpc++) {
	case FF_LINEMARK:
	    linemark = t - SvPVX(PL_formtarget);
	    lines++;
	    gotsome = FALSE;
	    break;

	case FF_LITERAL:
	    to_copy = *fpc++;
	    source = (U8 *)f;
	    f += to_copy;
	    trans = '~';
	    item_is_utf8 = targ_is_utf8 ? !!DO_UTF8(formsv) : !!SvUTF8(formsv);
	    goto append;

	case FF_SKIP:
	    f += *fpc++;
	    break;

	case FF_FETCH:
	    arg = *fpc++;
	    f += arg;
	    fieldsize = arg;

	    if (MARK < SP)
		sv = *++MARK;
	    else {
		sv = &PL_sv_no;
		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Not enough format arguments");
	    }
	    if (SvTAINTED(sv))
		SvTAINTED_on(PL_formtarget);
	    break;

	case FF_CHECKNL:
	    {
		const char *send;
		const char *s = item = SvPV_const(sv, len);
		itemsize = len;
		if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
		    itemsize = sv_len_utf8(sv);
		    if (itemsize != (I32)len) {
			I32 itembytes;
			if (itemsize > fieldsize) {
			    itemsize = fieldsize;
			    itembytes = itemsize;
			    sv_pos_u2b(sv, &itembytes, 0);
			}
			else
			    itembytes = len;
			send = chophere = s + itembytes;
			while (s < send) {
			    if (*s & ~31)
				gotsome = TRUE;
			    else if (*s == '\n')
				break;
			    s++;
			}
			item_is_utf8 = TRUE;
			itemsize = s - item;
			sv_pos_b2u(sv, &itemsize);
			break;
		    }
		}
		item_is_utf8 = FALSE;
		if (itemsize > fieldsize)
		    itemsize = fieldsize;
		send = chophere = s + itemsize;
		while (s < send) {
		    if (*s & ~31)
			gotsome = TRUE;
		    else if (*s == '\n')
			break;
		    s++;
		}
		itemsize = s - item;
		break;
	    }

	case FF_CHECKCHOP:
	    {
		const char *s = item = SvPV_const(sv, len);
		itemsize = len;
		if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
		    itemsize = sv_len_utf8(sv);
		    if (itemsize != (I32)len) {
			I32 itembytes;
			if (itemsize <= fieldsize) {
			    const char *send = chophere = s + itemsize;
			    while (s < send) {
				if (*s == '\r') {
				    itemsize = s - item;
				    chophere = s;
				    break;
				}
				if (*s++ & ~31)
				    gotsome = TRUE;
			    }
			}
			else {
			    const char *send;
			    itemsize = fieldsize;
			    itembytes = itemsize;
			    sv_pos_u2b(sv, &itembytes, 0);
			    send = chophere = s + itembytes;
			    while (s < send || (s == send && isSPACE(*s))) {
				if (isSPACE(*s)) {
				    if (chopspace)
					chophere = s;
				    if (*s == '\r')
					break;
				}
				else {
				    if (*s & ~31)
					gotsome = TRUE;
				    if (strchr(PL_chopset, *s))
					chophere = s + 1;
				}
				s++;
			    }
			    itemsize = chophere - item;
			    sv_pos_b2u(sv, &itemsize);
			}
			item_is_utf8 = TRUE;
			break;
		    }
		}
		item_is_utf8 = FALSE;
		if (itemsize <= fieldsize) {
		    const char *const send = chophere = s + itemsize;
		    while (s < send) {
			if (*s == '\r') {
			    itemsize = s - item;
			    chophere = s;
			    break;
			}
			if (*s++ & ~31)
			    gotsome = TRUE;
		    }
		}
		else {
		    const char *send;
		    itemsize = fieldsize;
		    send = chophere = s + itemsize;
		    while (s < send || (s == send && isSPACE(*s))) {
			if (isSPACE(*s)) {
			    if (chopspace)
				chophere = s;
			    if (*s == '\r')
				break;
			}
			else {
			    if (*s & ~31)
				gotsome = TRUE;
			    if (strchr(PL_chopset, *s))
				chophere = s + 1;
			}
			s++;
		    }
		    itemsize = chophere - item;
		}
		break;
	    }

	case FF_SPACE:
	    arg = fieldsize - itemsize;
	    if (arg) {
		fieldsize -= arg;
		while (arg-- > 0)
		    *t++ = ' ';
	    }
	    break;

	case FF_HALFSPACE:
	    arg = fieldsize - itemsize;
	    if (arg) {
		arg /= 2;
		fieldsize -= arg;
		while (arg-- > 0)
		    *t++ = ' ';
	    }
	    break;

	case FF_ITEM:
	    to_copy = itemsize;
	    source = (U8 *)item;
	    trans = 1;
	    if (item_is_utf8) {
		/* convert to_copy from chars to bytes */
		U8 *s = source;
		while (to_copy--)
		   s += UTF8SKIP(s);
		to_copy = s - source;
	    }
	    goto append;

	case FF_CHOP:
	    {
		const char *s = chophere;
		if (chopspace) {
		    while (isSPACE(*s))
			s++;
		}
		sv_chop(sv,s);
		SvSETMAGIC(sv);
		break;
	    }

	case FF_LINESNGL:
	    chopspace = 0;
	case FF_LINEGLOB:
	    {
		const bool oneline = fpc[-1] == FF_LINESNGL;
		const char *s = item = SvPV_const(sv, len);
		const char *const send = s + len;

		item_is_utf8 = DO_UTF8(sv);
		if (!len)
		    break;
		trans = 0;
		gotsome = TRUE;
		chophere = s + len;
		source = (U8 *) s;
		to_copy = len;
		while (s < send) {
		    if (*s++ == '\n') {
			if (oneline) {
			    to_copy = s - SvPVX_const(sv) - 1;
			    chophere = s;
			    break;
			} else {
			    if (s == send) {
				to_copy--;
			    } else
				lines++;
			}
		    }
		}
	    }

	append:
	    /* append to_copy bytes from source to PL_formstring.
	     * item_is_utf8 implies source is utf8.
	     * if trans, translate certain characters during the copy */
	    {
		U8 *tmp = NULL;
		STRLEN grow = 0;

		SvCUR_set(PL_formtarget,
			  t - SvPVX_const(PL_formtarget));

		if (targ_is_utf8 && !item_is_utf8) {
		    source = tmp = bytes_to_utf8(source, &to_copy);
		} else {
		    if (item_is_utf8 && !targ_is_utf8) {
			U8 *s;
			/* Upgrade targ to UTF8, and then we reduce it to
			   a problem we have a simple solution for.
			   Don't need get magic.  */
			sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(PL_formtarget);
			targ_is_utf8 = TRUE;
			/* re-calculate linemark */
			s = (U8*)SvPVX(PL_formtarget);
			/* the bytes we initially allocated to append the
			 * whole line may have been gobbled up during the
			 * upgrade, so allocate a whole new line's worth
			 * for safety */
			grow = linemax;
			while (linemark--)
			    s += UTF8SKIP(s);
			linemark = s - (U8*)SvPVX(PL_formtarget);
		    }
		    /* Easy. They agree.  */
		    assert (item_is_utf8 == targ_is_utf8);
		}
		if (!trans)
		    /* @* and ^* are the only things that can exceed
		     * the linemax, so grow by the output size, plus
		     * a whole new form's worth in case of any further
		     * output */
		    grow = linemax + to_copy;
		if (grow)
		    SvGROW(PL_formtarget, SvCUR(PL_formtarget) + grow + 1);
		t = SvPVX(PL_formtarget) + SvCUR(PL_formtarget);

		Copy(source, t, to_copy, char);
		if (trans) {
		    /* blank out ~ or control chars, depending on trans.
		     * works on bytes not chars, so relies on not
		     * matching utf8 continuation bytes */
		    U8 *s = (U8*)t;
		    U8 *send = s + to_copy;
		    while (s < send) {
			const int ch = *s;
			if (trans == '~' ? (ch == '~') :
#ifdef EBCDIC
			       iscntrl(ch)
#else
			       (!(ch & ~31))
#endif
			)
			    *s = ' ';
			s++;
		    }
		}

		t += to_copy;
		SvCUR_set(PL_formtarget, SvCUR(PL_formtarget) + to_copy);
		if (tmp)
		    Safefree(tmp);
		break;
	    }

	case FF_0DECIMAL:
	    arg = *fpc++;
#if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
	    fmt = (const char *)
		((arg & FORM_NUM_POINT) ?
		 "%#0*.*" PERL_PRIfldbl : "%0*.*" PERL_PRIfldbl);
#else
	    fmt = (const char *)
		((arg & FORM_NUM_POINT) ?
		 "%#0*.*f"              : "%0*.*f");
#endif
	    goto ff_dec;
	case FF_DECIMAL:
	    arg = *fpc++;
#if defined(USE_LONG_DOUBLE)
 	    fmt = (const char *)
		((arg & FORM_NUM_POINT) ? "%#*.*" PERL_PRIfldbl : "%*.*" PERL_PRIfldbl);
#else
            fmt = (const char *)
		((arg & FORM_NUM_POINT) ? "%#*.*f"              : "%*.*f");
#endif
	ff_dec:
	    /* If the field is marked with ^ and the value is undefined,
	       blank it out. */
	    if ((arg & FORM_NUM_BLANK) && !SvOK(sv)) {
		arg = fieldsize;
		while (arg--)
		    *t++ = ' ';
		break;
	    }
	    gotsome = TRUE;
	    value = SvNV(sv);
	    /* overflow evidence */
	    if (num_overflow(value, fieldsize, arg)) {
	        arg = fieldsize;
		while (arg--)
		    *t++ = '#';
		break;
	    }
	    /* Formats aren't yet marked for locales, so assume "yes". */
	    {
		STORE_NUMERIC_STANDARD_SET_LOCAL();
		arg &= ~(FORM_NUM_POINT|FORM_NUM_BLANK);
		my_snprintf(t, SvLEN(PL_formtarget) - (t - SvPVX(PL_formtarget)), fmt, (int) fieldsize, (int) arg, value);
		RESTORE_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
	    }
	    t += fieldsize;
	    break;

	case FF_NEWLINE:
	    f++;
	    while (t-- > (SvPVX(PL_formtarget) + linemark) && *t == ' ') ;
	    t++;
	    *t++ = '\n';
	    break;

	case FF_BLANK:
	    arg = *fpc++;
	    if (gotsome) {
		if (arg) {		/* repeat until fields exhausted? */
		    fpc--;
		    goto end;
		}
	    }
	    else {
		t = SvPVX(PL_formtarget) + linemark;
		lines--;
	    }
	    break;

	case FF_MORE:
	    {
		const char *s = chophere;
		const char *send = item + len;
		if (chopspace) {
		    while (isSPACE(*s) && (s < send))
			s++;
		}
		if (s < send) {
		    char *s1;
		    arg = fieldsize - itemsize;
		    if (arg) {
			fieldsize -= arg;
			while (arg-- > 0)
			    *t++ = ' ';
		    }
		    s1 = t - 3;
		    if (strnEQ(s1,"   ",3)) {
			while (s1 > SvPVX_const(PL_formtarget) && isSPACE(s1[-1]))
			    s1--;
		    }
		    *s1++ = '.';
		    *s1++ = '.';
		    *s1++ = '.';
		}
		break;
	    }
	case FF_END:
	end:
	    assert(t < SvPVX_const(PL_formtarget) + SvLEN(PL_formtarget));
	    *t = '\0';
	    SvCUR_set(PL_formtarget, t - SvPVX_const(PL_formtarget));
	    if (targ_is_utf8)
		SvUTF8_on(PL_formtarget);
	    FmLINES(PL_formtarget) += lines;
	    SP = ORIGMARK;
	    if (fpc[-1] == FF_BLANK)
		RETURNOP(cLISTOP->op_first);
	    else
		RETPUSHYES;
	}
    }
}

PP(pp_grepstart)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    SV *src;

    if (PL_stack_base + *PL_markstack_ptr == SP) {
	(void)POPMARK;
	if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
	    mXPUSHi(0);
	RETURNOP(PL_op->op_next->op_next);
    }
    PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + *PL_markstack_ptr + 1;
    Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);				/* push dst */
    Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);				/* push src */
    ENTER_with_name("grep");					/* enter outer scope */

    SAVETMPS;
    if (PL_op->op_private & OPpGREP_LEX)
	SAVESPTR(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
    else
	SAVE_DEFSV;
    ENTER_with_name("grep_item");					/* enter inner scope */
    SAVEVPTR(PL_curpm);

    src = PL_stack_base[*PL_markstack_ptr];
    SvTEMP_off(src);
    if (PL_op->op_private & OPpGREP_LEX)
	PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ) = src;
    else
	DEFSV_set(src);

    PUTBACK;
    if (PL_op->op_type == OP_MAPSTART)
	Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);			/* push top */
    return ((LOGOP*)PL_op->op_next)->op_other;
}

PP(pp_mapwhile)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
    I32 items = (SP - PL_stack_base) - *PL_markstack_ptr; /* how many new items */
    I32 count;
    I32 shift;
    SV** src;
    SV** dst;

    /* first, move source pointer to the next item in the source list */
    ++PL_markstack_ptr[-1];

    /* if there are new items, push them into the destination list */
    if (items && gimme != G_VOID) {
	/* might need to make room back there first */
	if (items > PL_markstack_ptr[-1] - PL_markstack_ptr[-2]) {
	    /* XXX this implementation is very pessimal because the stack
	     * is repeatedly extended for every set of items.  Is possible
	     * to do this without any stack extension or copying at all
	     * by maintaining a separate list over which the map iterates
	     * (like foreach does). --gsar */

	    /* everything in the stack after the destination list moves
	     * towards the end the stack by the amount of room needed */
	    shift = items - (PL_markstack_ptr[-1] - PL_markstack_ptr[-2]);

	    /* items to shift up (accounting for the moved source pointer) */
	    count = (SP - PL_stack_base) - (PL_markstack_ptr[-1] - 1);

	    /* This optimization is by Ben Tilly and it does
	     * things differently from what Sarathy (gsar)
	     * is describing.  The downside of this optimization is
	     * that leaves "holes" (uninitialized and hopefully unused areas)
	     * to the Perl stack, but on the other hand this
	     * shouldn't be a problem.  If Sarathy's idea gets
	     * implemented, this optimization should become
	     * irrelevant.  --jhi */
            if (shift < count)
                shift = count; /* Avoid shifting too often --Ben Tilly */

	    EXTEND(SP,shift);
	    src = SP;
	    dst = (SP += shift);
	    PL_markstack_ptr[-1] += shift;
	    *PL_markstack_ptr += shift;
	    while (count--)
		*dst-- = *src--;
	}
	/* copy the new items down to the destination list */
	dst = PL_stack_base + (PL_markstack_ptr[-2] += items) - 1;
	if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
	    /* add returned items to the collection (making mortal copies
	     * if necessary), then clear the current temps stack frame
	     * *except* for those items. We do this splicing the items
	     * into the start of the tmps frame (so some items may be on
	     * the tmps stack twice), then moving PL_tmps_floor above
	     * them, then freeing the frame. That way, the only tmps that
	     * accumulate over iterations are the return values for map.
	     * We have to do to this way so that everything gets correctly
	     * freed if we die during the map.
	     */
	    I32 tmpsbase;
	    I32 i = items;
	    /* make space for the slice */
	    EXTEND_MORTAL(items);
	    tmpsbase = PL_tmps_floor + 1;
	    Move(PL_tmps_stack + tmpsbase,
		 PL_tmps_stack + tmpsbase + items,
		 PL_tmps_ix - PL_tmps_floor,
		 SV*);
	    PL_tmps_ix += items;

	    while (i-- > 0) {
		SV *sv = POPs;
		if (!SvTEMP(sv))
		    sv = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
		*dst-- = sv;
		PL_tmps_stack[tmpsbase++] = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(sv);
	    }
	    /* clear the stack frame except for the items */
	    PL_tmps_floor += items;
	    FREETMPS;
	    /* FREETMPS may have cleared the TEMP flag on some of the items */
	    i = items;
	    while (i-- > 0)
		SvTEMP_on(PL_tmps_stack[--tmpsbase]);
	}
	else {
	    /* scalar context: we don't care about which values map returns
	     * (we use undef here). And so we certainly don't want to do mortal
	     * copies of meaningless values. */
	    while (items-- > 0) {
		(void)POPs;
		*dst-- = &PL_sv_undef;
	    }
	    FREETMPS;
	}
    }
    else {
	FREETMPS;
    }
    LEAVE_with_name("grep_item");					/* exit inner scope */

    /* All done yet? */
    if (PL_markstack_ptr[-1] > *PL_markstack_ptr) {

	(void)POPMARK;				/* pop top */
	LEAVE_with_name("grep");					/* exit outer scope */
	(void)POPMARK;				/* pop src */
	items = --*PL_markstack_ptr - PL_markstack_ptr[-1];
	(void)POPMARK;				/* pop dst */
	SP = PL_stack_base + POPMARK;		/* pop original mark */
	if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
	    if (PL_op->op_private & OPpGREP_LEX) {
		SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
		sv_setiv(sv, items);
		PUSHs(sv);
	    }
	    else {
		dTARGET;
		XPUSHi(items);
	    }
	}
	else if (gimme == G_ARRAY)
	    SP += items;
	RETURN;
    }
    else {
	SV *src;

	ENTER_with_name("grep_item");					/* enter inner scope */
	SAVEVPTR(PL_curpm);

	/* set $_ to the new source item */
	src = PL_stack_base[PL_markstack_ptr[-1]];
	SvTEMP_off(src);
	if (PL_op->op_private & OPpGREP_LEX)
	    PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ) = src;
	else
	    DEFSV_set(src);

	RETURNOP(cLOGOP->op_other);
    }
}

/* Range stuff. */

PP(pp_range)
{
    dVAR;
    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY)
	return NORMAL;
    if (SvTRUEx(PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ)))
	return cLOGOP->op_other;
    else
	return NORMAL;
}

PP(pp_flip)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;

    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
	RETURNOP(((LOGOP*)cUNOP->op_first)->op_other);
    }
    else {
	dTOPss;
	SV * const targ = PAD_SV(PL_op->op_targ);
	int flip = 0;

	if (PL_op->op_private & OPpFLIP_LINENUM) {
	    if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv)) {
		flip = SvIV(sv) == (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv));
	    }
	    else {
		GV * const gv = gv_fetchpvs(".", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
		if (gv && GvSV(gv))
		    flip = SvIV(sv) == SvIV(GvSV(gv));
	    }
	} else {
	    flip = SvTRUE(sv);
	}
	if (flip) {
	    sv_setiv(PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_first->op_targ), 1);
	    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
		sv_setiv(targ, 1);
		SETs(targ);
		RETURN;
	    }
	    else {
		sv_setiv(targ, 0);
		SP--;
		RETURNOP(((LOGOP*)cUNOP->op_first)->op_other);
	    }
	}
	sv_setpvs(TARG, "");
	SETs(targ);
	RETURN;
    }
}

/* This code tries to decide if "$left .. $right" should use the
   magical string increment, or if the range is numeric (we make
   an exception for .."0" [#18165]). AMS 20021031. */

#define RANGE_IS_NUMERIC(left,right) ( \
	SvNIOKp(left)  || (SvOK(left)  && !SvPOKp(left))  || \
	SvNIOKp(right) || (SvOK(right) && !SvPOKp(right)) || \
	(((!SvOK(left) && SvOK(right)) || ((!SvOK(left) || \
          looks_like_number(left)) && SvPOKp(left) && *SvPVX_const(left) != '0')) \
         && (!SvOK(right) || looks_like_number(right))))

PP(pp_flop)
{
    dVAR; dSP;

    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
	dPOPPOPssrl;

	SvGETMAGIC(left);
	SvGETMAGIC(right);

	if (RANGE_IS_NUMERIC(left,right)) {
	    IV i, j;
	    IV max;
	    if ((SvOK(left) && SvNV_nomg(left) < IV_MIN) ||
		(SvOK(right) && SvNV_nomg(right) > IV_MAX))
		DIE(aTHX_ "Range iterator outside integer range");
	    i = SvIV_nomg(left);
	    max = SvIV_nomg(right);
	    if (max >= i) {
		j = max - i + 1;
		EXTEND_MORTAL(j);
		EXTEND(SP, j);
	    }
	    else
		j = 0;
	    while (j--) {
		SV * const sv = sv_2mortal(newSViv(i++));
		PUSHs(sv);
	    }
	}
	else {
	    STRLEN len, llen;
	    const char * const lpv = SvPV_nomg_const(left, llen);
	    const char * const tmps = SvPV_nomg_const(right, len);

	    SV *sv = newSVpvn_flags(lpv, llen, SvUTF8(left)|SVs_TEMP);
	    while (!SvNIOKp(sv) && SvCUR(sv) <= len) {
		XPUSHs(sv);
	        if (strEQ(SvPVX_const(sv),tmps))
	            break;
		sv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(sv));
		sv_inc(sv);
	    }
	}
    }
    else {
	dTOPss;
	SV * const targ = PAD_SV(cUNOP->op_first->op_targ);
	int flop = 0;
	sv_inc(targ);

	if (PL_op->op_private & OPpFLIP_LINENUM) {
	    if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv)) {
		flop = SvIV(sv) == (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv));
	    }
	    else {
		GV * const gv = gv_fetchpvs(".", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV);
		if (gv && GvSV(gv)) flop = SvIV(sv) == SvIV(GvSV(gv));
	    }
	}
	else {
	    flop = SvTRUE(sv);
	}

	if (flop) {
	    sv_setiv(PAD_SV(((UNOP*)cUNOP->op_first)->op_first->op_targ), 0);
	    sv_catpvs(targ, "E0");
	}
	SETs(targ);
    }

    RETURN;
}

/* Control. */

static const char * const context_name[] = {
    "pseudo-block",
    NULL, /* CXt_WHEN never actually needs "block" */
    NULL, /* CXt_BLOCK never actually needs "block" */
    NULL, /* CXt_GIVEN never actually needs "block" */
    NULL, /* CXt_LOOP_FOR never actually needs "loop" */
    NULL, /* CXt_LOOP_PLAIN never actually needs "loop" */
    NULL, /* CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV never actually needs "loop" */
    NULL, /* CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV never actually needs "loop" */
    "subroutine",
    "format",
    "eval",
    "substitution",
};

STATIC I32
S_dopoptolabel(pTHX_ const char *label, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOPOPTOLABEL;

    for (i = cxstack_ix; i >= 0; i--) {
	const PERL_CONTEXT * const cx = &cxstack[i];
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	case CXt_SUBST:
	case CXt_SUB:
	case CXt_FORMAT:
	case CXt_EVAL:
	case CXt_NULL:
	    /* diag_listed_as: Exiting subroutine via %s */
	    Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXITING), "Exiting %s via %s",
			   context_name[CxTYPE(cx)], OP_NAME(PL_op));
	    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_NULL)
		return -1;
	    break;
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
	case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
	case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
	  {
            STRLEN cx_label_len = 0;
            U32 cx_label_flags = 0;
	    const char *cx_label = CxLABEL_len_flags(cx, &cx_label_len, &cx_label_flags);
	    if (!cx_label || !(
                    ( (cx_label_flags & SVf_UTF8) != (flags & SVf_UTF8) ) ?
                        (flags & SVf_UTF8)
                            ? (bytes_cmp_utf8(
                                        (const U8*)cx_label, cx_label_len,
                                        (const U8*)label, len) == 0)
                            : (bytes_cmp_utf8(
                                        (const U8*)label, len,
                                        (const U8*)cx_label, cx_label_len) == 0)
                    : (len == cx_label_len && ((cx_label == label)
                                    || memEQ(cx_label, label, len))) )) {
		DEBUG_l(Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(poptolabel(): skipping label at cx=%ld %s)\n",
			(long)i, cx_label));
		continue;
	    }
	    DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(poptolabel(): found label at cx=%ld %s)\n", (long)i, label));
	    return i;
	  }
	}
    }
    return i;
}


I32
Perl_dowantarray(pTHX)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 gimme = block_gimme();
    return (gimme == G_VOID) ? G_SCALAR : gimme;
}

I32
Perl_block_gimme(pTHX)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix);
    if (cxix < 0)
	return G_VOID;

    switch (cxstack[cxix].blk_gimme) {
    case G_VOID:
	return G_VOID;
    case G_SCALAR:
	return G_SCALAR;
    case G_ARRAY:
	return G_ARRAY;
    default:
	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: bad gimme: %d\n", cxstack[cxix].blk_gimme);
	assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
	return 0;
    }
}

I32
Perl_is_lvalue_sub(pTHX)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix);
    assert(cxix >= 0);  /* We should only be called from inside subs */

    if (CxLVAL(cxstack + cxix) && CvLVALUE(cxstack[cxix].blk_sub.cv))
	return CxLVAL(cxstack + cxix);
    else
	return 0;
}

/* only used by PUSHSUB */
I32
Perl_was_lvalue_sub(pTHX)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix-1);
    assert(cxix >= 0);  /* We should only be called from inside subs */

    if (CxLVAL(cxstack + cxix) && CvLVALUE(cxstack[cxix].blk_sub.cv))
	return CxLVAL(cxstack + cxix);
    else
	return 0;
}

STATIC I32
S_dopoptosub_at(pTHX_ const PERL_CONTEXT *cxstk, I32 startingblock)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOPOPTOSUB_AT;

    for (i = startingblock; i >= 0; i--) {
	const PERL_CONTEXT * const cx = &cxstk[i];
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	default:
	    continue;
	case CXt_EVAL:
	case CXt_SUB:
	case CXt_FORMAT:
	    DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(dopoptosub_at(): found sub at cx=%ld)\n", (long)i));
	    return i;
	}
    }
    return i;
}

STATIC I32
S_dopoptoeval(pTHX_ I32 startingblock)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;
    for (i = startingblock; i >= 0; i--) {
	const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = &cxstack[i];
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	default:
	    continue;
	case CXt_EVAL:
	    DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(dopoptoeval(): found eval at cx=%ld)\n", (long)i));
	    return i;
	}
    }
    return i;
}

STATIC I32
S_dopoptoloop(pTHX_ I32 startingblock)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;
    for (i = startingblock; i >= 0; i--) {
	const PERL_CONTEXT * const cx = &cxstack[i];
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	case CXt_SUBST:
	case CXt_SUB:
	case CXt_FORMAT:
	case CXt_EVAL:
	case CXt_NULL:
	    /* diag_listed_as: Exiting subroutine via %s */
	    Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXITING), "Exiting %s via %s",
			   context_name[CxTYPE(cx)], OP_NAME(PL_op));
	    if ((CxTYPE(cx)) == CXt_NULL)
		return -1;
	    break;
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
	case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
	case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
	    DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(dopoptoloop(): found loop at cx=%ld)\n", (long)i));
	    return i;
	}
    }
    return i;
}

STATIC I32
S_dopoptogiven(pTHX_ I32 startingblock)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;
    for (i = startingblock; i >= 0; i--) {
	const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = &cxstack[i];
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	default:
	    continue;
	case CXt_GIVEN:
	    DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(dopoptogiven(): found given at cx=%ld)\n", (long)i));
	    return i;
	case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
	    assert(!CxFOREACHDEF(cx));
	    break;
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
	case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
	    if (CxFOREACHDEF(cx)) {
		DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(dopoptogiven(): found foreach at cx=%ld)\n", (long)i));
		return i;
	    }
	}
    }
    return i;
}

STATIC I32
S_dopoptowhen(pTHX_ I32 startingblock)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;
    for (i = startingblock; i >= 0; i--) {
	const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = &cxstack[i];
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	default:
	    continue;
	case CXt_WHEN:
	    DEBUG_l( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "(dopoptowhen(): found when at cx=%ld)\n", (long)i));
	    return i;
	}
    }
    return i;
}

void
Perl_dounwind(pTHX_ I32 cxix)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 optype;

    if (!PL_curstackinfo) /* can happen if die during thread cloning */
	return;

    while (cxstack_ix > cxix) {
	SV *sv;
        PERL_CONTEXT *cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
	DEBUG_CX("UNWIND");						\
	/* Note: we don't need to restore the base context info till the end. */
	switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	case CXt_SUBST:
	    POPSUBST(cx);
	    continue;  /* not break */
	case CXt_SUB:
	    POPSUB(cx,sv);
	    LEAVESUB(sv);
	    break;
	case CXt_EVAL:
	    POPEVAL(cx);
	    break;
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
	case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
	case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
	case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
	    POPLOOP(cx);
	    break;
	case CXt_NULL:
	    break;
	case CXt_FORMAT:
	    POPFORMAT(cx);
	    break;
	}
	cxstack_ix--;
    }
    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(optype);
}

void
Perl_qerror(pTHX_ SV *err)
{
    dVAR;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_QERROR;

    if (PL_in_eval) {
	if (PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR) {
		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "\t(in cleanup) %"SVf,
                                                    SVfARG(err));
	}
	else
	    sv_catsv(ERRSV, err);
    }
    else if (PL_errors)
	sv_catsv(PL_errors, err);
    else
	Perl_warn(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(err));
    if (PL_parser)
	++PL_parser->error_count;
}

void
Perl_die_unwind(pTHX_ SV *msv)
{
    dVAR;
    SV *exceptsv = sv_mortalcopy(msv);
    U8 in_eval = PL_in_eval;
    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DIE_UNWIND;

    if (in_eval) {
	I32 cxix;
	I32 gimme;

	/*
	 * Historically, perl used to set ERRSV ($@) early in the die
	 * process and rely on it not getting clobbered during unwinding.
	 * That sucked, because it was liable to get clobbered, so the
	 * setting of ERRSV used to emit the exception from eval{} has
	 * been moved to much later, after unwinding (see just before
	 * JMPENV_JUMP below).	However, some modules were relying on the
	 * early setting, by examining $@ during unwinding to use it as
	 * a flag indicating whether the current unwinding was caused by
	 * an exception.  It was never a reliable flag for that purpose,
	 * being totally open to false positives even without actual
	 * clobberage, but was useful enough for production code to
	 * semantically rely on it.
	 *
	 * We'd like to have a proper introspective interface that
	 * explicitly describes the reason for whatever unwinding
	 * operations are currently in progress, so that those modules
	 * work reliably and $@ isn't further overloaded.  But we don't
	 * have one yet.  In its absence, as a stopgap measure, ERRSV is
	 * now *additionally* set here, before unwinding, to serve as the
	 * (unreliable) flag that it used to.
	 *
	 * This behaviour is temporary, and should be removed when a
	 * proper way to detect exceptional unwinding has been developed.
	 * As of 2010-12, the authors of modules relying on the hack
	 * are aware of the issue, because the modules failed on
	 * perls 5.13.{1..7} which had late setting of $@ without this
	 * early-setting hack.
	 */
	if (!(in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)) {
	    SvTEMP_off(exceptsv);
	    sv_setsv(ERRSV, exceptsv);
	}

	while ((cxix = dopoptoeval(cxstack_ix)) < 0
	       && PL_curstackinfo->si_prev)
	{
	    dounwind(-1);
	    POPSTACK;
	}

	if (cxix >= 0) {
	    I32 optype;
	    SV *namesv;
	    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
	    SV **newsp;
	    COP *oldcop;
	    JMPENV *restartjmpenv;
	    OP *restartop;

	    if (cxix < cxstack_ix)
		dounwind(cxix);

	    POPBLOCK(cx,PL_curpm);
	    if (CxTYPE(cx) != CXt_EVAL) {
		STRLEN msglen;
		const char* message = SvPVx_const(exceptsv, msglen);
		PerlIO_write(Perl_error_log, (const char *)"panic: die ", 11);
		PerlIO_write(Perl_error_log, message, msglen);
		my_exit(1);
	    }
	    POPEVAL(cx);
	    namesv = cx->blk_eval.old_namesv;
	    oldcop = cx->blk_oldcop;
	    restartjmpenv = cx->blk_eval.cur_top_env;
	    restartop = cx->blk_eval.retop;

	    if (gimme == G_SCALAR)
		*++newsp = &PL_sv_undef;
	    PL_stack_sp = newsp;

	    LEAVE;

	    /* LEAVE could clobber PL_curcop (see save_re_context())
	     * XXX it might be better to find a way to avoid messing with
	     * PL_curcop in save_re_context() instead, but this is a more
	     * minimal fix --GSAR */
	    PL_curcop = oldcop;

	    if (optype == OP_REQUIRE) {
                (void)hv_store(GvHVn(PL_incgv),
                               SvPVX_const(namesv),
                               SvUTF8(namesv) ? -(I32)SvCUR(namesv) : (I32)SvCUR(namesv),
                               &PL_sv_undef, 0);
		/* note that unlike pp_entereval, pp_require isn't
		 * supposed to trap errors. So now that we've popped the
		 * EVAL that pp_require pushed, and processed the error
		 * message, rethrow the error */
		Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf"Compilation failed in require",
			   SVfARG(exceptsv ? exceptsv : newSVpvs_flags("Unknown error\n",
                                                                    SVs_TEMP)));
	    }
	    if (in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR) {
		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "\t(in cleanup) %"SVf,
			       SVfARG(exceptsv));
	    }
	    else {
		sv_setsv(ERRSV, exceptsv);
	    }
	    PL_restartjmpenv = restartjmpenv;
	    PL_restartop = restartop;
	    JMPENV_JUMP(3);
	    assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
	}
    }

    write_to_stderr(exceptsv);
    my_failure_exit();
    assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
}

PP(pp_xor)
{
    dVAR; dSP; dPOPTOPssrl;
    if (SvTRUE(left) != SvTRUE(right))
	RETSETYES;
    else
	RETSETNO;
}

/*
=for apidoc caller_cx

The XSUB-writer's equivalent of L<caller()|perlfunc/caller>. The
returned C<PERL_CONTEXT> structure can be interrogated to find all the
information returned to Perl by C<caller>. Note that XSUBs don't get a
stack frame, so C<caller_cx(0, NULL)> will return information for the
immediately-surrounding Perl code.

This function skips over the automatic calls to C<&DB::sub> made on the
behalf of the debugger. If the stack frame requested was a sub called by
C<DB::sub>, the return value will be the frame for the call to
C<DB::sub>, since that has the correct line number/etc. for the call
site. If I<dbcxp> is non-C<NULL>, it will be set to a pointer to the
frame for the sub call itself.

=cut
*/

const PERL_CONTEXT *
Perl_caller_cx(pTHX_ I32 count, const PERL_CONTEXT **dbcxp)
{
    I32 cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix);
    const PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    const PERL_CONTEXT *ccstack = cxstack;
    const PERL_SI *top_si = PL_curstackinfo;

    for (;;) {
	/* we may be in a higher stacklevel, so dig down deeper */
	while (cxix < 0 && top_si->si_type != PERLSI_MAIN) {
	    top_si = top_si->si_prev;
	    ccstack = top_si->si_cxstack;
	    cxix = dopoptosub_at(ccstack, top_si->si_cxix);
	}
	if (cxix < 0)
	    return NULL;
	/* caller() should not report the automatic calls to &DB::sub */
	if (PL_DBsub && GvCV(PL_DBsub) && cxix >= 0 &&
		ccstack[cxix].blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
	    count++;
	if (!count--)
	    break;
	cxix = dopoptosub_at(ccstack, cxix - 1);
    }

    cx = &ccstack[cxix];
    if (dbcxp) *dbcxp = cx;

    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB || CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_FORMAT) {
        const I32 dbcxix = dopoptosub_at(ccstack, cxix - 1);
	/* We expect that ccstack[dbcxix] is CXt_SUB, anyway, the
	   field below is defined for any cx. */
	/* caller() should not report the automatic calls to &DB::sub */
	if (PL_DBsub && GvCV(PL_DBsub) && dbcxix >= 0 && ccstack[dbcxix].blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
	    cx = &ccstack[dbcxix];
    }

    return cx;
}

PP(pp_caller)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;
    const PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    const PERL_CONTEXT *dbcx;
    I32 gimme;
    const HEK *stash_hek;
    I32 count = 0;
    bool has_arg = MAXARG && TOPs;

    if (MAXARG) {
      if (has_arg)
	count = POPi;
      else (void)POPs;
    }

    cx = caller_cx(count + !!(PL_op->op_private & OPpOFFBYONE), &dbcx);
    if (!cx) {
	if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
	    EXTEND(SP, 1);
	    RETPUSHUNDEF;
	}
	RETURN;
    }

    DEBUG_CX("CALLER");
    assert(CopSTASH(cx->blk_oldcop));
    stash_hek = SvTYPE(CopSTASH(cx->blk_oldcop)) == SVt_PVHV
      ? HvNAME_HEK((HV*)CopSTASH(cx->blk_oldcop))
      : NULL;
    if (GIMME != G_ARRAY) {
        EXTEND(SP, 1);
	if (!stash_hek)
	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
	else {
	    dTARGET;
	    sv_sethek(TARG, stash_hek);
	    PUSHs(TARG);
	}
	RETURN;
    }

    EXTEND(SP, 11);

    if (!stash_hek)
	PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
    else {
	dTARGET;
	sv_sethek(TARG, stash_hek);
	PUSHTARG;
    }
    mPUSHs(newSVpv(OutCopFILE(cx->blk_oldcop), 0));
    mPUSHi((I32)CopLINE(cx->blk_oldcop));
    if (!has_arg)
	RETURN;
    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB || CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_FORMAT) {
	GV * const cvgv = CvGV(dbcx->blk_sub.cv);
	/* So is ccstack[dbcxix]. */
	if (cvgv && isGV(cvgv)) {
	    SV * const sv = newSV(0);
	    gv_efullname3(sv, cvgv, NULL);
	    mPUSHs(sv);
	    PUSHs(boolSV(CxHASARGS(cx)));
	}
	else {
	    PUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("(unknown)", SVs_TEMP));
	    PUSHs(boolSV(CxHASARGS(cx)));
	}
    }
    else {
	PUSHs(newSVpvs_flags("(eval)", SVs_TEMP));
	mPUSHi(0);
    }
    gimme = (I32)cx->blk_gimme;
    if (gimme == G_VOID)
	PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
    else
	PUSHs(boolSV((gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY));
    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL) {
	/* eval STRING */
	if (CxOLD_OP_TYPE(cx) == OP_ENTEREVAL) {
	    PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX(cx->blk_eval.cur_text),
				 SvCUR(cx->blk_eval.cur_text)-2,
				 SvUTF8(cx->blk_eval.cur_text)|SVs_TEMP));
	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
	}
	/* require */
	else if (cx->blk_eval.old_namesv) {
	    mPUSHs(newSVsv(cx->blk_eval.old_namesv));
	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
	}
	/* eval BLOCK (try blocks have old_namesv == 0) */
	else {
	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
	    PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
	}
    }
    else {
	PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
	PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
    }
    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB && CxHASARGS(cx)
	&& CopSTASH_eq(PL_curcop, PL_debstash))
    {
	AV * const ary = cx->blk_sub.argarray;
	const int off = AvARRAY(ary) - AvALLOC(ary);

	Perl_init_dbargs(aTHX);

	if (AvMAX(PL_dbargs) < AvFILLp(ary) + off)
	    av_extend(PL_dbargs, AvFILLp(ary) + off);
	Copy(AvALLOC(ary), AvARRAY(PL_dbargs), AvFILLp(ary) + 1 + off, SV*);
	AvFILLp(PL_dbargs) = AvFILLp(ary) + off;
    }
    mPUSHi(CopHINTS_get(cx->blk_oldcop));
    {
	SV * mask ;
	STRLEN * const old_warnings = cx->blk_oldcop->cop_warnings ;

	if  (old_warnings == pWARN_NONE)
            mask = newSVpvn(WARN_NONEstring, WARNsize) ;
	else if (old_warnings == pWARN_STD && (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON) == 0)
            mask = &PL_sv_undef ;
        else if (old_warnings == pWARN_ALL ||
		  (old_warnings == pWARN_STD && PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON)) {
	    /* Get the bit mask for $warnings::Bits{all}, because
	     * it could have been extended by warnings::register */
	    SV **bits_all;
	    HV * const bits = get_hv("warnings::Bits", 0);
	    if (bits && (bits_all=hv_fetchs(bits, "all", FALSE))) {
		mask = newSVsv(*bits_all);
	    }
	    else {
		mask = newSVpvn(WARN_ALLstring, WARNsize) ;
	    }
	}
        else
            mask = newSVpvn((char *) (old_warnings + 1), old_warnings[0]);
        mPUSHs(mask);
    }

    PUSHs(cx->blk_oldcop->cop_hints_hash ?
	  sv_2mortal(newRV_noinc(MUTABLE_SV(cop_hints_2hv(cx->blk_oldcop, 0))))
	  : &PL_sv_undef);
    RETURN;
}

PP(pp_reset)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;
    const char * tmps;
    STRLEN len = 0;
    if (MAXARG < 1 || (!TOPs && !POPs))
	tmps = NULL, len = 0;
    else
	tmps = SvPVx_const(POPs, len);
    sv_resetpvn(tmps, len, CopSTASH(PL_curcop));
    PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
    RETURN;
}

/* like pp_nextstate, but used instead when the debugger is active */

PP(pp_dbstate)
{
    dVAR;
    PL_curcop = (COP*)PL_op;
    TAINT_NOT;		/* Each statement is presumed innocent */
    PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + cxstack[cxstack_ix].blk_oldsp;
    FREETMPS;

    PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();

    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL /* breakpoint */
	    || SvIV(PL_DBsingle) || SvIV(PL_DBsignal) || SvIV(PL_DBtrace))
    {
	dSP;
	PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
	const I32 gimme = G_ARRAY;
	U8 hasargs;
	GV * const gv = PL_DBgv;
	CV * cv = NULL;

        if (gv && isGV_with_GP(gv))
            cv = GvCV(gv);

	if (!cv || (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)))
	    DIE(aTHX_ "No DB::DB routine defined");

	if (CvDEPTH(cv) >= 1 && !(PL_debug & DEBUG_DB_RECURSE_FLAG))
	    /* don't do recursive DB::DB call */
	    return NORMAL;

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;

	SAVEI32(PL_debug);
	SAVESTACK_POS();
	PL_debug = 0;
	hasargs = 0;
	SPAGAIN;

	if (CvISXSUB(cv)) {
	    PUSHMARK(SP);
	    (void)(*CvXSUB(cv))(aTHX_ cv);
	    FREETMPS;
	    LEAVE;
	    return NORMAL;
	}
	else {
	    PUSHBLOCK(cx, CXt_SUB, SP);
	    PUSHSUB_DB(cx);
	    cx->blk_sub.retop = PL_op->op_next;
	    CvDEPTH(cv)++;
	    if (CvDEPTH(cv) >= 2) {
		PERL_STACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK();
		pad_push(CvPADLIST(cv), CvDEPTH(cv));
	    }
	    SAVECOMPPAD();
	    PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(CvPADLIST(cv), CvDEPTH(cv));
	    RETURNOP(CvSTART(cv));
	}
    }
    else
	return NORMAL;
}

STATIC SV **
S_adjust_stack_on_leave(pTHX_ SV **newsp, SV **sp, SV **mark, I32 gimme, U32 flags)
{
    bool padtmp = 0;
    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ADJUST_STACK_ON_LEAVE;

    if (flags & SVs_PADTMP) {
	flags &= ~SVs_PADTMP;
	padtmp = 1;
    }
    if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
	if (MARK < SP)
	    *++newsp = ((SvFLAGS(*SP) & flags) || (padtmp && SvPADTMP(*SP)))
			    ? *SP : sv_mortalcopy(*SP);
	else {
	    /* MEXTEND() only updates MARK, so reuse it instead of newsp. */
	    MARK = newsp;
	    MEXTEND(MARK, 1);
	    *++MARK = &PL_sv_undef;
	    return MARK;
	}
    }
    else if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
	/* in case LEAVE wipes old return values */
	while (++MARK <= SP) {
	    if ((SvFLAGS(*MARK) & flags) || (padtmp && SvPADTMP(*MARK)))
		*++newsp = *MARK;
	    else {
		*++newsp = sv_mortalcopy(*MARK);
		TAINT_NOT;	/* Each item is independent */
	    }
	}
	/* When this function was called with MARK == newsp, we reach this
	 * point with SP == newsp. */
    }

    return newsp;
}

PP(pp_enter)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    I32 gimme = GIMME_V;

    ENTER_with_name("block");

    SAVETMPS;
    PUSHBLOCK(cx, CXt_BLOCK, SP);

    RETURN;
}

PP(pp_leave)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    SV **newsp;
    PMOP *newpm;
    I32 gimme;

    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
	cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
	cx->blk_oldpm = PL_curpm;	/* fake block should preserve $1 et al */
    }

    POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);

    gimme = OP_GIMME(PL_op, (cxstack_ix >= 0) ? gimme : G_SCALAR);

    TAINT_NOT;
    SP = adjust_stack_on_leave(newsp, SP, newsp, gimme, SVs_PADTMP|SVs_TEMP);
    PL_curpm = newpm;	/* Don't pop $1 et al till now */

    LEAVE_with_name("block");

    RETURN;
}

PP(pp_enteriter)
{
    dVAR; dSP; dMARK;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
    void *itervar; /* location of the iteration variable */
    U8 cxtype = CXt_LOOP_FOR;

    ENTER_with_name("loop1");
    SAVETMPS;

    if (PL_op->op_targ) {			 /* "my" variable */
	if (PL_op->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {        /* for my $x (...) */
	    SvPADSTALE_off(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ));
	    SAVESETSVFLAGS(PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ),
		    SVs_PADSTALE, SVs_PADSTALE);
	}
	SAVEPADSVANDMORTALIZE(PL_op->op_targ);
#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
	itervar = PL_comppad;
#else
	itervar = &PAD_SVl(PL_op->op_targ);
#endif
    }
    else {					/* symbol table variable */
	GV * const gv = MUTABLE_GV(POPs);
	SV** svp = &GvSV(gv);
	save_pushptrptr(gv, SvREFCNT_inc(*svp), SAVEt_GVSV);
	*svp = newSV(0);
	itervar = (void *)gv;
    }

    if (PL_op->op_private & OPpITER_DEF)
	cxtype |= CXp_FOR_DEF;

    ENTER_with_name("loop2");

    PUSHBLOCK(cx, cxtype, SP);
    PUSHLOOP_FOR(cx, itervar, MARK);
    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
	SV *maybe_ary = POPs;
	if (SvTYPE(maybe_ary) != SVt_PVAV) {
	    dPOPss;
	    SV * const right = maybe_ary;
	    SvGETMAGIC(sv);
	    SvGETMAGIC(right);
	    if (RANGE_IS_NUMERIC(sv,right)) {
		cx->cx_type &= ~CXTYPEMASK;
		cx->cx_type |= CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV;
		/* Make sure that no-one re-orders cop.h and breaks our
		   assumptions */
		assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV);
#ifdef NV_PRESERVES_UV
		if ((SvOK(sv) && ((SvNV_nomg(sv) < (NV)IV_MIN) ||
				  (SvNV_nomg(sv) > (NV)IV_MAX)))
			||
		    (SvOK(right) && ((SvNV_nomg(right) > (NV)IV_MAX) ||
				     (SvNV_nomg(right) < (NV)IV_MIN))))
#else
		if ((SvOK(sv) && ((SvNV_nomg(sv) <= (NV)IV_MIN)
				  ||
		                  ((SvNV_nomg(sv) > 0) &&
					((SvUV_nomg(sv) > (UV)IV_MAX) ||
					 (SvNV_nomg(sv) > (NV)UV_MAX)))))
			||
		    (SvOK(right) && ((SvNV_nomg(right) <= (NV)IV_MIN)
				     ||
				     ((SvNV_nomg(right) > 0) &&
					((SvUV_nomg(right) > (UV)IV_MAX) ||
					 (SvNV_nomg(right) > (NV)UV_MAX))
				     ))))
#endif
		    DIE(aTHX_ "Range iterator outside integer range");
		cx->blk_loop.state_u.lazyiv.cur = SvIV_nomg(sv);
		cx->blk_loop.state_u.lazyiv.end = SvIV_nomg(right);
#ifdef DEBUGGING
		/* for correct -Dstv display */
		cx->blk_oldsp = sp - PL_stack_base;
#endif
	    }
	    else {
		cx->cx_type &= ~CXTYPEMASK;
		cx->cx_type |= CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV;
		/* Make sure that no-one re-orders cop.h and breaks our
		   assumptions */
		assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV);
		cx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.cur = newSVsv(sv);
		cx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.end = right;
		SvREFCNT_inc(right);
		(void) SvPV_force_nolen(cx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.cur);
		/* This will do the upgrade to SVt_PV, and warn if the value
		   is uninitialised.  */
		(void) SvPV_nolen_const(right);
		/* Doing this avoids a check every time in pp_iter in pp_hot.c
		   to replace !SvOK() with a pointer to "".  */
		if (!SvOK(right)) {
		    SvREFCNT_dec(right);
		    cx->blk_loop.state_u.lazysv.end = &PL_sv_no;
		}
	    }
	}
	else /* SvTYPE(maybe_ary) == SVt_PVAV */ {
	    cx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary = MUTABLE_AV(maybe_ary);
	    SvREFCNT_inc(maybe_ary);
	    cx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ix =
		(PL_op->op_private & OPpITER_REVERSED) ?
		AvFILL(cx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary) + 1 :
		-1;
	}
    }
    else { /* iterating over items on the stack */
	cx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ary = NULL; /* means to use the stack */
	if (PL_op->op_private & OPpITER_REVERSED) {
	    cx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ix = cx->blk_oldsp + 1;
	}
	else {
	    cx->blk_loop.state_u.ary.ix = MARK - PL_stack_base;
	}
    }

    RETURN;
}

PP(pp_enterloop)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    const I32 gimme = GIMME_V;

    ENTER_with_name("loop1");
    SAVETMPS;
    ENTER_with_name("loop2");

    PUSHBLOCK(cx, CXt_LOOP_PLAIN, SP);
    PUSHLOOP_PLAIN(cx, SP);

    RETURN;
}

PP(pp_leaveloop)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    I32 gimme;
    SV **newsp;
    PMOP *newpm;
    SV **mark;

    POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);
    assert(CxTYPE_is_LOOP(cx));
    mark = newsp;
    newsp = PL_stack_base + cx->blk_loop.resetsp;

    TAINT_NOT;
    SP = adjust_stack_on_leave(newsp, SP, MARK, gimme, 0);
    PUTBACK;

    POPLOOP(cx);	/* Stack values are safe: release loop vars ... */
    PL_curpm = newpm;	/* ... and pop $1 et al */

    LEAVE_with_name("loop2");
    LEAVE_with_name("loop1");

    return NORMAL;
}

STATIC void
S_return_lvalues(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp, SV **newsp, I32 gimme,
                       PERL_CONTEXT *cx, PMOP *newpm)
{
    const bool ref = !!(CxLVAL(cx) & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS);
    if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
	if (CxLVAL(cx) && !ref) {     /* Leave it as it is if we can. */
	    SV *sv;
	    const char *what = NULL;
	    if (MARK < SP) {
		assert(MARK+1 == SP);
		if ((SvPADTMP(TOPs) ||
		     (SvFLAGS(TOPs) & (SVf_READONLY | SVf_FAKE))
		       == SVf_READONLY
		    ) &&
		    !SvSMAGICAL(TOPs)) {
		    what =
			SvREADONLY(TOPs) ? (TOPs == &PL_sv_undef) ? "undef"
			: "a readonly value" : "a temporary";
		}
		else goto copy_sv;
	    }
	    else {
		/* sub:lvalue{} will take us here. */
		what = "undef";
	    }
	    LEAVE;
	    cxstack_ix--;
	    POPSUB(cx,sv);
	    PL_curpm = newpm;
	    LEAVESUB(sv);
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_
	              "Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine", what
	    );
	}
	if (MARK < SP) {
	      copy_sv:
		if (cx->blk_sub.cv && CvDEPTH(cx->blk_sub.cv) > 1) {
		    if (!SvPADTMP(*SP)) {
			*++newsp = SvREFCNT_inc(*SP);
			FREETMPS;
			sv_2mortal(*newsp);
		    }
		    else {
			/* FREETMPS could clobber it */
			SV *sv = SvREFCNT_inc(*SP);
			FREETMPS;
			*++newsp = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
			SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
		    }
		}
		else
		    *++newsp =
		      SvPADTMP(*SP)
		       ? sv_mortalcopy(*SP)
		       : !SvTEMP(*SP)
		          ? sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*SP))
		          : *SP;
	}
	else {
	    EXTEND(newsp,1);
	    *++newsp = &PL_sv_undef;
	}
	if (CxLVAL(cx) & OPpDEREF) {
	    SvGETMAGIC(TOPs);
	    if (!SvOK(TOPs)) {
		TOPs = vivify_ref(TOPs, CxLVAL(cx) & OPpDEREF);
	    }
	}
    }
    else if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
	assert (!(CxLVAL(cx) & OPpDEREF));
	if (ref || !CxLVAL(cx))
	    while (++MARK <= SP)
		*++newsp =
		       SvFLAGS(*MARK) & SVs_PADTMP
		           ? sv_mortalcopy(*MARK)
		     : SvTEMP(*MARK)
		           ? *MARK
		           : sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*MARK));
	else while (++MARK <= SP) {
	    if (*MARK != &PL_sv_undef
		    && (SvPADTMP(*MARK)
		       || (SvFLAGS(*MARK) & (SVf_READONLY|SVf_FAKE))
		             == SVf_READONLY
		       )
	    ) {
		    SV *sv;
		    /* Might be flattened array after $#array =  */
		    PUTBACK;
		    LEAVE;
		    cxstack_ix--;
		    POPSUB(cx,sv);
		    PL_curpm = newpm;
		    LEAVESUB(sv);
	       /* diag_listed_as: Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine */
		    Perl_croak(aTHX_
			"Can't return a %s from lvalue subroutine",
			SvREADONLY(TOPs) ? "readonly value" : "temporary");
	    }
	    else
		*++newsp =
		    SvTEMP(*MARK)
		       ? *MARK
		       : sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(*MARK));
	}
    }
    PL_stack_sp = newsp;
}

PP(pp_return)
{
    dVAR; dSP; dMARK;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    bool popsub2 = FALSE;
    bool clear_errsv = FALSE;
    bool lval = FALSE;
    I32 gimme;
    SV **newsp;
    PMOP *newpm;
    I32 optype = 0;
    SV *namesv;
    SV *sv;
    OP *retop = NULL;

    const I32 cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix);

    if (cxix < 0) {
	if (CxMULTICALL(cxstack)) { /* In this case we must be in a
				     * sort block, which is a CXt_NULL
				     * not a CXt_SUB */
	    dounwind(0);
	    PL_stack_base[1] = *PL_stack_sp;
	    PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + 1;
	    return 0;
	}
	else
	    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't return outside a subroutine");
    }
    if (cxix < cxstack_ix)
	dounwind(cxix);

    if (CxMULTICALL(&cxstack[cxix])) {
	gimme = cxstack[cxix].blk_gimme;
	if (gimme == G_VOID)
	    PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base;
	else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
	    PL_stack_base[1] = *PL_stack_sp;
	    PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + 1;
	}
	return 0;
    }

    POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);
    switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
    case CXt_SUB:
	popsub2 = TRUE;
	lval = !!CvLVALUE(cx->blk_sub.cv);
	retop = cx->blk_sub.retop;
	cxstack_ix++; /* preserve cx entry on stack for use by POPSUB */
	break;
    case CXt_EVAL:
	if (!(PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR))
	    clear_errsv = TRUE;
	POPEVAL(cx);
	namesv = cx->blk_eval.old_namesv;
	retop = cx->blk_eval.retop;
	if (CxTRYBLOCK(cx))
	    break;
	if (optype == OP_REQUIRE &&
	    (MARK == SP || (gimme == G_SCALAR && !SvTRUE(*SP))) )
	{
	    /* Unassume the success we assumed earlier. */
	    (void)hv_delete(GvHVn(PL_incgv),
			    SvPVX_const(namesv),
                            SvUTF8(namesv) ? -(I32)SvCUR(namesv) : (I32)SvCUR(namesv),
			    G_DISCARD);
	    DIE(aTHX_ "%"SVf" did not return a true value", SVfARG(namesv));
	}
	break;
    case CXt_FORMAT:
	POPFORMAT(cx);
	retop = cx->blk_sub.retop;
	break;
    default:
	DIE(aTHX_ "panic: return, type=%u", (unsigned) CxTYPE(cx));
    }

    TAINT_NOT;
    if (lval) S_return_lvalues(aTHX_ MARK, SP, newsp, gimme, cx, newpm);
    else {
      if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
	if (MARK < SP) {
	    if (popsub2) {
		if (cx->blk_sub.cv && CvDEPTH(cx->blk_sub.cv) > 1) {
		    if (SvTEMP(TOPs) && SvREFCNT(TOPs) == 1
			 && !SvMAGICAL(TOPs)) {
			*++newsp = SvREFCNT_inc(*SP);
			FREETMPS;
			sv_2mortal(*newsp);
		    }
		    else {
			sv = SvREFCNT_inc(*SP);	/* FREETMPS could clobber it */
			FREETMPS;
			*++newsp = sv_mortalcopy(sv);
			SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
		    }
		}
		else if (SvTEMP(*SP) && SvREFCNT(*SP) == 1
			  && !SvMAGICAL(*SP)) {
		    *++newsp = *SP;
		}
		else
		    *++newsp = sv_mortalcopy(*SP);
	    }
	    else
		*++newsp = sv_mortalcopy(*SP);
	}
	else
	    *++newsp = &PL_sv_undef;
      }
      else if (gimme == G_ARRAY) {
	while (++MARK <= SP) {
	    *++newsp = popsub2 && SvTEMP(*MARK) && SvREFCNT(*MARK) == 1
			       && !SvGMAGICAL(*MARK)
			? *MARK : sv_mortalcopy(*MARK);
	    TAINT_NOT;		/* Each item is independent */
	}
      }
      PL_stack_sp = newsp;
    }

    LEAVE;
    /* Stack values are safe: */
    if (popsub2) {
	cxstack_ix--;
	POPSUB(cx,sv);	/* release CV and @_ ... */
    }
    else
	sv = NULL;
    PL_curpm = newpm;	/* ... and pop $1 et al */

    LEAVESUB(sv);
    if (clear_errsv) {
	CLEAR_ERRSV();
    }
    return retop;
}

/* This duplicates parts of pp_leavesub, so that it can share code with
 * pp_return */
PP(pp_leavesublv)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    SV **newsp;
    PMOP *newpm;
    I32 gimme;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    SV *sv;

    if (CxMULTICALL(&cxstack[cxstack_ix]))
	return 0;

    POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);
    cxstack_ix++; /* temporarily protect top context */

    TAINT_NOT;

    S_return_lvalues(aTHX_ newsp, SP, newsp, gimme, cx, newpm);

    LEAVE;
    cxstack_ix--;
    POPSUB(cx,sv);	/* Stack values are safe: release CV and @_ ... */
    PL_curpm = newpm;	/* ... and pop $1 et al */

    LEAVESUB(sv);
    return cx->blk_sub.retop;
}

static I32
S_unwind_loop(pTHX_ const char * const opname)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 cxix;
    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
	cxix = dopoptoloop(cxstack_ix);
	if (cxix < 0)
	    /* diag_listed_as: Can't "last" outside a loop block */
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't \"%s\" outside a loop block", opname);
    }
    else {
	dSP;
	STRLEN label_len;
	const char * const label =
	    PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED
		? SvPV(TOPs,label_len)
		: (label_len = strlen(cPVOP->op_pv), cPVOP->op_pv);
	const U32 label_flags =
	    PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED
		? SvUTF8(POPs)
		: (cPVOP->op_private & OPpPV_IS_UTF8) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
	PUTBACK;
        cxix = dopoptolabel(label, label_len, label_flags);
	if (cxix < 0)
	    /* diag_listed_as: Label not found for "last %s" */
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Label not found for \"%s %"SVf"\"",
				       opname,
                                       SVfARG(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED
                                              && !SvGMAGICAL(TOPp1s)
                                              ? TOPp1s
                                              : newSVpvn_flags(label,
                                                    label_len,
                                                    label_flags | SVs_TEMP)));
    }
    if (cxix < cxstack_ix)
	dounwind(cxix);
    return cxix;
}

PP(pp_last)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    I32 pop2 = 0;
    I32 gimme;
    I32 optype;
    OP *nextop = NULL;
    SV **newsp;
    PMOP *newpm;
    SV **mark;
    SV *sv = NULL;

    S_unwind_loop(aTHX_ "last");

    POPBLOCK(cx,newpm);
    cxstack_ix++; /* temporarily protect top context */
    mark = newsp;
    switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
    case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
    case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
    case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
    case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
	pop2 = CxTYPE(cx);
	newsp = PL_stack_base + cx->blk_loop.resetsp;
	nextop = cx->blk_loop.my_op->op_lastop->op_next;
	break;
    case CXt_SUB:
	pop2 = CXt_SUB;
	nextop = cx->blk_sub.retop;
	break;
    case CXt_EVAL:
	POPEVAL(cx);
	nextop = cx->blk_eval.retop;
	break;
    case CXt_FORMAT:
	POPFORMAT(cx);
	nextop = cx->blk_sub.retop;
	break;
    default:
	DIE(aTHX_ "panic: last, type=%u", (unsigned) CxTYPE(cx));
    }

    TAINT_NOT;
    PL_stack_sp = adjust_stack_on_leave(newsp, PL_stack_sp, MARK, gimme,
				pop2 == CXt_SUB ? SVs_TEMP : 0);

    LEAVE;
    cxstack_ix--;
    /* Stack values are safe: */
    switch (pop2) {
    case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
    case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
    case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
    case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
	POPLOOP(cx);	/* release loop vars ... */
	LEAVE;
	break;
    case CXt_SUB:
	POPSUB(cx,sv);	/* release CV and @_ ... */
	break;
    }
    PL_curpm = newpm;	/* ... and pop $1 et al */

    LEAVESUB(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(optype);
    PERL_UNUSED_VAR(gimme);
    return nextop;
}

PP(pp_next)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    const I32 inner = PL_scopestack_ix;

    S_unwind_loop(aTHX_ "next");

    /* clear off anything above the scope we're re-entering, but
     * save the rest until after a possible continue block */
    TOPBLOCK(cx);
    if (PL_scopestack_ix < inner)
	leave_scope(PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix]);
    PL_curcop = cx->blk_oldcop;
    return (cx)->blk_loop.my_op->op_nextop;
}

PP(pp_redo)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 cxix = S_unwind_loop(aTHX_ "redo");
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
    I32 oldsave;
    OP* redo_op = cxstack[cxix].blk_loop.my_op->op_redoop;

    if (redo_op->op_type == OP_ENTER) {
	/* pop one less context to avoid $x being freed in while (my $x..) */
	cxstack_ix++;
	assert(CxTYPE(&cxstack[cxstack_ix]) == CXt_BLOCK);
	redo_op = redo_op->op_next;
    }

    TOPBLOCK(cx);
    oldsave = PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix - 1];
    LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave);
    FREETMPS;
    PL_curcop = cx->blk_oldcop;
    return redo_op;
}

STATIC OP *
S_dofindlabel(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *label, STRLEN len, U32 flags, OP **opstack, OP **oplimit)
{
    dVAR;
    OP **ops = opstack;
    static const char* const too_deep = "Target of goto is too deeply nested";

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFINDLABEL;

    if (ops >= oplimit)
	Perl_croak(aTHX_ too_deep);
    if (o->op_type == OP_LEAVE ||
	o->op_type == OP_SCOPE ||
	o->op_type == OP_LEAVELOOP ||
	o->op_type == OP_LEAVESUB ||
	o->op_type == OP_LEAVETRY)
    {
	*ops++ = cUNOPo->op_first;
	if (ops >= oplimit)
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ too_deep);
    }
    *ops = 0;
    if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
	OP *kid;
	/* First try all the kids at this level, since that's likeliest. */
	for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
	    if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
                STRLEN kid_label_len;
                U32 kid_label_flags;
		const char *kid_label = CopLABEL_len_flags(kCOP,
                                                    &kid_label_len, &kid_label_flags);
		if (kid_label && (
                    ( (kid_label_flags & SVf_UTF8) != (flags & SVf_UTF8) ) ?
                        (flags & SVf_UTF8)
                            ? (bytes_cmp_utf8(
                                        (const U8*)kid_label, kid_label_len,
                                        (const U8*)label, len) == 0)
                            : (bytes_cmp_utf8(
                                        (const U8*)label, len,
                                        (const U8*)kid_label, kid_label_len) == 0)
                    : ( len == kid_label_len && ((kid_label == label)
                                    || memEQ(kid_label, label, len)))))
		    return kid;
	    }
	}
	for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
	    if (kid == PL_lastgotoprobe)
		continue;
	    if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
	        if (ops == opstack)
		    *ops++ = kid;
		else if (ops[-1]->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE ||
		         ops[-1]->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
		    ops[-1] = kid;
		else
		    *ops++ = kid;
	    }
	    if ((o = dofindlabel(kid, label, len, flags, ops, oplimit)))
		return o;
	}
    }
    *ops = 0;
    return 0;
}

PP(pp_goto)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    OP *retop = NULL;
    I32 ix;
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
#define GOTO_DEPTH 64
    OP *enterops[GOTO_DEPTH];
    const char *label = NULL;
    STRLEN label_len = 0;
    U32 label_flags = 0;
    const bool do_dump = (PL_op->op_type == OP_DUMP);
    static const char* const must_have_label = "goto must have label";

    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
	SV * const sv = POPs;
	SvGETMAGIC(sv);

	/* This egregious kludge implements goto &subroutine */
	if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVCV) {
	    I32 cxix;
	    PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
	    CV *cv = MUTABLE_CV(SvRV(sv));
	    AV *arg = GvAV(PL_defgv);
	    I32 oldsave;

	retry:
	    if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
		const GV * const gv = CvGV(cv);
		if (gv) {
		    GV *autogv;
		    SV *tmpstr;
		    /* autoloaded stub? */
		    if (cv != GvCV(gv) && (cv = GvCV(gv)))
			goto retry;
		    autogv = gv_autoload_pvn(GvSTASH(gv), GvNAME(gv),
					  GvNAMELEN(gv),
                                          GvNAMEUTF8(gv) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0);
		    if (autogv && (cv = GvCV(autogv)))
			goto retry;
		    tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
		    gv_efullname3(tmpstr, gv, NULL);
		    DIE(aTHX_ "Goto undefined subroutine &%"SVf"", SVfARG(tmpstr));
		}
		DIE(aTHX_ "Goto undefined subroutine");
	    }

	    /* First do some returnish stuff. */
	    SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv); /* avoid premature free during unwind */
	    FREETMPS;
	    cxix = dopoptosub(cxstack_ix);
	    if (cxix < cxstack_ix) {
                if (cxix < 0) {
                    SvREFCNT_dec(cv);
                    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine");
                }
		dounwind(cxix);
            }
	    TOPBLOCK(cx);
	    SPAGAIN;
	    /* ban goto in eval: see <20050521150056.GC20213@iabyn.com> */
	    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL) {
		SvREFCNT_dec(cv);
		if (CxREALEVAL(cx))
		/* diag_listed_as: Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s */
		    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string");
		else
		/* diag_listed_as: Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s */
		    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't goto subroutine from an eval-block");
	    }
	    else if (CxMULTICALL(cx))
	    {
		SvREFCNT_dec(cv);
		DIE(aTHX_ "Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)");
	    }
	    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB && CxHASARGS(cx)) {
		AV* av = cx->blk_sub.argarray;

		/* abandon the original @_ if it got reified or if it is
		   the same as the current @_ */
		if (AvREAL(av) || av == arg) {
		    SvREFCNT_dec(av);
		    av = newAV();
		    AvREIFY_only(av);
		    PAD_SVl(0) = MUTABLE_SV(cx->blk_sub.argarray = av);
		}
		else CLEAR_ARGARRAY(av);
	    }
	    /* We donate this refcount later to the callee’s pad. */
	    SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(arg);
	    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB &&
		!(CvDEPTH(cx->blk_sub.cv) = cx->blk_sub.olddepth))
		SvREFCNT_dec(cx->blk_sub.cv);
	    oldsave = PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix - 1];
	    LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave);

	    /* A destructor called during LEAVE_SCOPE could have undefined
	     * our precious cv.  See bug #99850. */
	    if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
		const GV * const gv = CvGV(cv);
		SvREFCNT_dec(arg);
		if (gv) {
		    SV * const tmpstr = sv_newmortal();
		    gv_efullname3(tmpstr, gv, NULL);
		    DIE(aTHX_ "Goto undefined subroutine &%"SVf"",
			       SVfARG(tmpstr));
		}
		DIE(aTHX_ "Goto undefined subroutine");
	    }

	    /* Now do some callish stuff. */
	    SAVETMPS;
	    SAVEFREESV(cv); /* later, undo the 'avoid premature free' hack */
	    if (CvISXSUB(cv)) {
		OP* const retop = cx->blk_sub.retop;
		SV **newsp;
		I32 gimme;
		const SSize_t items = AvFILLp(arg) + 1;
		SV** mark;

                PERL_UNUSED_VAR(newsp);
                PERL_UNUSED_VAR(gimme);

		/* put GvAV(defgv) back onto stack */
		EXTEND(SP, items+1); /* @_ could have been extended. */
		Copy(AvARRAY(arg), SP + 1, items, SV*);
		mark = SP;
		SP += items;
		if (AvREAL(arg)) {
		    I32 index;
		    for (index=0; index<items; index++)
			SvREFCNT_inc_void(sv_2mortal(SP[-index]));
		}
		SvREFCNT_dec(arg);
		if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB && CxHASARGS(cx)) {
		    /* Restore old @_ */
		    arg = GvAV(PL_defgv);
		    GvAV(PL_defgv) = cx->blk_sub.savearray;
		    SvREFCNT_dec(arg);
		}

		/* XS subs don't have a CxSUB, so pop it */
		POPBLOCK(cx, PL_curpm);
		/* Push a mark for the start of arglist */
		PUSHMARK(mark);
		PUTBACK;
		(void)(*CvXSUB(cv))(aTHX_ cv);
		LEAVE;
		return retop;
	    }
	    else {
		PADLIST * const padlist = CvPADLIST(cv);
		cx->blk_sub.cv = cv;
		cx->blk_sub.olddepth = CvDEPTH(cv);

		CvDEPTH(cv)++;
		if (CvDEPTH(cv) < 2)
		    SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cv);
		else {
		    if (CvDEPTH(cv) == PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN && ckWARN(WARN_RECURSION))
			sub_crush_depth(cv);
		    pad_push(padlist, CvDEPTH(cv));
		}
		PL_curcop = cx->blk_oldcop;
		SAVECOMPPAD();
		PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(padlist, CvDEPTH(cv));
		if (CxHASARGS(cx))
		{
		    CX_CURPAD_SAVE(cx->blk_sub);

		    /* cx->blk_sub.argarray has no reference count, so we
		       need something to hang on to our argument array so
		       that cx->blk_sub.argarray does not end up pointing
		       to freed memory as the result of undef *_.  So put
		       it in the callee’s pad, donating our refer-
		       ence count. */
		    SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(0));
		    PAD_SVl(0) = (SV *)(cx->blk_sub.argarray = arg);

		    /* GvAV(PL_defgv) might have been modified on scope
		       exit, so restore it. */
		    if (arg != GvAV(PL_defgv)) {
			AV * const av = GvAV(PL_defgv);
			GvAV(PL_defgv) = (AV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple(arg);
			SvREFCNT_dec(av);
		    }
		}
		else SvREFCNT_dec(arg);
		if (PERLDB_SUB) {	/* Checking curstash breaks DProf. */
		    Perl_get_db_sub(aTHX_ NULL, cv);
		    if (PERLDB_GOTO) {
			CV * const gotocv = get_cvs("DB::goto", 0);
			if (gotocv) {
			    PUSHMARK( PL_stack_sp );
			    call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(gotocv), G_SCALAR | G_NODEBUG);
			    PL_stack_sp--;
			}
		    }
		}
		RETURNOP(CvSTART(cv));
	    }
	}
	else {
	    label       = SvPV_nomg_const(sv, label_len);
            label_flags = SvUTF8(sv);
	}
    }
    else if (!(PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
 	label       = cPVOP->op_pv;
        label_flags = (cPVOP->op_private & OPpPV_IS_UTF8) ? SVf_UTF8 : 0;
        label_len   = strlen(label);
    }
    if (!(do_dump || label_len)) DIE(aTHX_ must_have_label);

    PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();

    if (label_len) {
	OP *gotoprobe = NULL;
	bool leaving_eval = FALSE;
	bool in_block = FALSE;
	PERL_CONTEXT *last_eval_cx = NULL;

	/* find label */

	PL_lastgotoprobe = NULL;
	*enterops = 0;
	for (ix = cxstack_ix; ix >= 0; ix--) {
	    cx = &cxstack[ix];
	    switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
	    case CXt_EVAL:
		leaving_eval = TRUE;
                if (!CxTRYBLOCK(cx)) {
		    gotoprobe = (last_eval_cx ?
				last_eval_cx->blk_eval.old_eval_root :
				PL_eval_root);
		    last_eval_cx = cx;
		    break;
                }
                /* else fall through */
	    case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
	    case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
	    case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
	    case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
	    case CXt_GIVEN:
	    case CXt_WHEN:
		gotoprobe = cx->blk_oldcop->op_sibling;
		break;
	    case CXt_SUBST:
		continue;
	    case CXt_BLOCK:
		if (ix) {
		    gotoprobe = cx->blk_oldcop->op_sibling;
		    in_block = TRUE;
		} else
		    gotoprobe = PL_main_root;
		break;
	    case CXt_SUB:
		if (CvDEPTH(cx->blk_sub.cv) && !CxMULTICALL(cx)) {
		    gotoprobe = CvROOT(cx->blk_sub.cv);
		    break;
		}
		/* FALL THROUGH */
	    case CXt_FORMAT:
	    case CXt_NULL:
		DIE(aTHX_ "Can't \"goto\" out of a pseudo block");
	    default:
		if (ix)
		    DIE(aTHX_ "panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld",
			CxTYPE(cx), (long) ix);
		gotoprobe = PL_main_root;
		break;
	    }
	    if (gotoprobe) {
		retop = dofindlabel(gotoprobe, label, label_len, label_flags,
				    enterops, enterops + GOTO_DEPTH);
		if (retop)
		    break;
		if (gotoprobe->op_sibling &&
			gotoprobe->op_sibling->op_type == OP_UNSTACK &&
			gotoprobe->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
		    retop = dofindlabel(gotoprobe->op_sibling->op_sibling,
					label, label_len, label_flags, enterops,
					enterops + GOTO_DEPTH);
		    if (retop)
			break;
		}
	    }
	    PL_lastgotoprobe = gotoprobe;
	}
	if (!retop)
	    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't find label %"SVf,
                            SVfARG(newSVpvn_flags(label, label_len,
                                        SVs_TEMP | label_flags)));

	/* if we're leaving an eval, check before we pop any frames
           that we're not going to punt, otherwise the error
	   won't be caught */

	if (leaving_eval && *enterops && enterops[1]) {
	    I32 i;
            for (i = 1; enterops[i]; i++)
                if (enterops[i]->op_type == OP_ENTERITER)
                    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't \"goto\" into the middle of a foreach loop");
	}

	if (*enterops && enterops[1]) {
	    I32 i = enterops[1]->op_type == OP_ENTER && in_block ? 2 : 1;
	    if (enterops[i])
		deprecate("\"goto\" to jump into a construct");
	}

	/* pop unwanted frames */

	if (ix < cxstack_ix) {
	    I32 oldsave;

	    if (ix < 0)
		ix = 0;
	    dounwind(ix);
	    TOPBLOCK(cx);
	    oldsave = PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix];
	    LEAVE_SCOPE(oldsave);
	}

	/* push wanted frames */

	if (*enterops && enterops[1]) {
	    OP * const oldop = PL_op;
	    ix = enterops[1]->op_type == OP_ENTER && in_block ? 2 : 1;
	    for (; enterops[ix]; ix++) {
		PL_op = enterops[ix];
		/* Eventually we may want to stack the needed arguments
		 * for each op.  For now, we punt on the hard ones. */
		if (PL_op->op_type == OP_ENTERITER)
		    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't \"goto\" into the middle of a foreach loop");
		PL_op->op_ppaddr(aTHX);
	    }
	    PL_op = oldop;
	}
    }

    if (do_dump) {
#ifdef VMS
	if (!retop) retop = PL_main_start;
#endif
	PL_restartop = retop;
	PL_do_undump = TRUE;

	my_unexec();

	PL_restartop = 0;		/* hmm, must be GNU unexec().. */
	PL_do_undump = FALSE;
    }

    RETURNOP(retop);
}

PP(pp_exit)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;
    I32 anum;

    if (MAXARG < 1)
	anum = 0;
    else if (!TOPs) {
	anum = 0; (void)POPs;
    }
    else {
	anum = SvIVx(POPs);
#ifdef VMS
        if (anum == 1 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpEXIT_VMSISH))
	    anum = 0;
        VMSISH_HUSHED  = VMSISH_HUSHED || (PL_op->op_private & OPpHUSH_VMSISH);
#endif
    }
    PL_exit_flags |= PERL_EXIT_EXPECTED;
#ifdef PERL_MAD
    /* KLUDGE: disable exit 0 in BEGIN blocks when we're just compiling */
    if (anum || !(PL_minus_c && PL_madskills))
	my_exit(anum);
#else
    my_exit(anum);
#endif
    PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
    RETURN;
}

/* Eval. */

STATIC void
S_save_lines(pTHX_ AV *array, SV *sv)
{
    const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
    const char * const send = SvPVX_const(sv) + SvCUR(sv);
    I32 line = 1;

    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SAVE_LINES;

    while (s && s < send) {
	const char *t;
	SV * const tmpstr = newSV_type(SVt_PVMG);

	t = (const char *)memchr(s, '\n', send - s);
	if (t)
	    t++;
	else
	    t = send;

	sv_setpvn(tmpstr, s, t - s);
	av_store(array, line++, tmpstr);
	s = t;
    }
}

/*
=for apidoc docatch

Check for the cases 0 or 3 of cur_env.je_ret, only used inside an eval context.

0 is used as continue inside eval,

3 is used for a die caught by an inner eval - continue inner loop

See cop.h: je_mustcatch, when set at any runlevel to TRUE, means eval ops must
establish a local jmpenv to handle exception traps.

=cut
*/
STATIC OP *
S_docatch(pTHX_ OP *o)
{
    dVAR;
    int ret;
    OP * const oldop = PL_op;
    dJMPENV;

#ifdef DEBUGGING
    assert(CATCH_GET == TRUE);
#endif
    PL_op = o;

    JMPENV_PUSH(ret);
    switch (ret) {
    case 0:
	assert(cxstack_ix >= 0);
	assert(CxTYPE(&cxstack[cxstack_ix]) == CXt_EVAL);
	cxstack[cxstack_ix].blk_eval.cur_top_env = PL_top_env;
 redo_body:
	CALLRUNOPS(aTHX);
	break;
    case 3:
	/* die caught by an inner eval - continue inner loop */
	if (PL_restartop && PL_restartjmpenv == PL_top_env) {
	    PL_restartjmpenv = NULL;
	    PL_op = PL_restartop;
	    PL_restartop = 0;
	    goto redo_body;
	}
	/* FALL THROUGH */
    default:
	JMPENV_POP;
	PL_op = oldop;
	JMPENV_JUMP(ret);
	assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
    }
    JMPENV_POP;
    PL_op = oldop;
    return NULL;
}


/*
=for apidoc find_runcv

Locate the CV corresponding to the currently executing sub or eval.
If db_seqp is non_null, skip CVs that are in the DB package and populate
*db_seqp with the cop sequence number at the point that the DB:: code was
entered. (allows debuggers to eval in the scope of the breakpoint rather
than in the scope of the debugger itself).

=cut
*/

CV*
Perl_find_runcv(pTHX_ U32 *db_seqp)
{
    return Perl_find_runcv_where(aTHX_ 0, 0, db_seqp);
}

/* If this becomes part of the API, it might need a better name. */
CV *
Perl_find_runcv_where(pTHX_ U8 cond, IV arg, U32 *db_seqp)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_SI	 *si;
    int		 level = 0;

    if (db_seqp)
	*db_seqp = PL_curcop->cop_seq;
    for (si = PL_curstackinfo; si; si = si->si_prev) {
        I32 ix;
	for (ix = si->si_cxix; ix >= 0; ix--) {
	    const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = &(si->si_cxstack[ix]);
	    CV *cv = NULL;
	    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB || CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_FORMAT) {
		cv = cx->blk_sub.cv;
		/* skip DB:: code */
		if (db_seqp && PL_debstash && CvSTASH(cv) == PL_debstash) {
		    *db_seqp = cx->blk_oldcop->cop_seq;
		    continue;
		}
	    }
	    else if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL && !CxTRYBLOCK(cx))
		cv = cx->blk_eval.cv;
	    if (cv) {
		switch (cond) {
		case FIND_RUNCV_padid_eq:
		    if (!CvPADLIST(cv)
		     || PadlistNAMES(CvPADLIST(cv)) != INT2PTR(PADNAMELIST *, arg))
			continue;
		    return cv;
		case FIND_RUNCV_level_eq:
		    if (level++ != arg) continue;
		    /* GERONIMO! */
		default:
		    return cv;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
    return cond == FIND_RUNCV_padid_eq ? NULL : PL_main_cv;
}


/* Run yyparse() in a setjmp wrapper. Returns:
 *   0: yyparse() successful
 *   1: yyparse() failed
 *   3: yyparse() died
 */
STATIC int
S_try_yyparse(pTHX_ int gramtype)
{
    int ret;
    dJMPENV;

    assert(CxTYPE(&cxstack[cxstack_ix]) == CXt_EVAL);
    JMPENV_PUSH(ret);
    switch (ret) {
    case 0:
	ret = yyparse(gramtype) ? 1 : 0;
	break;
    case 3:
	break;
    default:
	JMPENV_POP;
	JMPENV_JUMP(ret);
	assert(0); /* NOTREACHED */
    }
    JMPENV_POP;
    return ret;
}


/* Compile a require/do or an eval ''.
 *
 * outside is the lexically enclosing CV (if any) that invoked us.
 * seq     is the current COP scope value.
 * hh      is the saved hints hash, if any.
 *
 * Returns a bool indicating whether the compile was successful; if so,
 * PL_eval_start contains the first op of the compiled code; otherwise,
 * pushes undef.
 *
 * This function is called from two places: pp_require and pp_entereval.
 * These can be distinguished by whether PL_op is entereval.
 */

STATIC bool
S_doeval(pTHX_ int gimme, CV* outside, U32 seq, HV *hh)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    OP * const saveop = PL_op;
    bool clear_hints = saveop->op_type != OP_ENTEREVAL;
    COP * const oldcurcop = PL_curcop;
    bool in_require = (saveop->op_type == OP_REQUIRE);
    int yystatus;
    CV *evalcv;

    PL_in_eval = (in_require
		  ? (EVAL_INREQUIRE | (PL_in_eval & EVAL_INEVAL))
		  : EVAL_INEVAL);

    PUSHMARK(SP);

    evalcv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SVt_PVCV));
    CvEVAL_on(evalcv);
    assert(CxTYPE(&cxstack[cxstack_ix]) == CXt_EVAL);
    cxstack[cxstack_ix].blk_eval.cv = evalcv;
    cxstack[cxstack_ix].blk_gimme = gimme;

    CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(evalcv) = seq;
    CvOUTSIDE(evalcv) = MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc_simple(outside));

    /* set up a scratch pad */

    CvPADLIST(evalcv) = pad_new(padnew_SAVE);
    PL_op = NULL; /* avoid PL_op and PL_curpad referring to different CVs */


    if (!PL_madskills)
	SAVEMORTALIZESV(evalcv);	/* must remain until end of current statement */

    /* make sure we compile in the right package */

    if (CopSTASH_ne(PL_curcop, PL_curstash)) {
	SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
	PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc_simple(CopSTASH(PL_curcop));
    }
    /* XXX:ajgo do we really need to alloc an AV for begin/checkunit */
    SAVESPTR(PL_beginav);
    PL_beginav = newAV();
    SAVEFREESV(PL_beginav);
    SAVESPTR(PL_unitcheckav);
    PL_unitcheckav = newAV();
    SAVEFREESV(PL_unitcheckav);

#ifdef PERL_MAD
    SAVEBOOL(PL_madskills);
    PL_madskills = 0;
#endif

    ENTER_with_name("evalcomp");
    SAVESPTR(PL_compcv);
    PL_compcv = evalcv;

    /* try to compile it */

    PL_eval_root = NULL;
    PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
    if ((saveop->op_type != OP_REQUIRE) && (saveop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL))
	PL_in_eval |= EVAL_KEEPERR;
    else
	CLEAR_ERRSV();

    SAVEHINTS();
    if (clear_hints) {
	PL_hints = 0;
	hv_clear(GvHV(PL_hintgv));
    }
    else {
	PL_hints = saveop->op_private & OPpEVAL_COPHH
		     ? oldcurcop->cop_hints : saveop->op_targ;
	if (hh) {
	    /* SAVEHINTS created a new HV in PL_hintgv, which we need to GC */
	    SvREFCNT_dec(GvHV(PL_hintgv));
	    GvHV(PL_hintgv) = hh;
	}
    }
    SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
    if (clear_hints) {
	if (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_ON)
	    PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_ALL ;
	else if (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_OFF)
	    PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_NONE ;
	else
	    PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_STD ;
    }
    else {
	PL_compiling.cop_warnings =
	    DUP_WARNINGS(oldcurcop->cop_warnings);
	cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(&PL_compiling));
	if (Perl_cop_fetch_label(aTHX_ oldcurcop, NULL, NULL)) {
	    /* The label, if present, is the first entry on the chain. So rather
	       than writing a blank label in front of it (which involves an
	       allocation), just use the next entry in the chain.  */
	    PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash
		= cophh_copy(oldcurcop->cop_hints_hash->refcounted_he_next);
	    /* Check the assumption that this removed the label.  */
	    assert(Perl_cop_fetch_label(aTHX_ &PL_compiling, NULL, NULL) == NULL);
	}
	else
	    PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash = cophh_copy(oldcurcop->cop_hints_hash);
    }

    CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_eval, saveop);

    /* note that yyparse() may raise an exception, e.g. C<BEGIN{die}>,
     * so honour CATCH_GET and trap it here if necessary */

    yystatus = (!in_require && CATCH_GET) ? S_try_yyparse(aTHX_ GRAMPROG) : yyparse(GRAMPROG);

    if (yystatus || PL_parser->error_count || !PL_eval_root) {
	SV **newsp;			/* Used by POPBLOCK. */
	PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
	I32 optype;			/* Used by POPEVAL. */