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9133bbab | 1 | This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation |
a83b6f46 JH |
2 | characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got the |
3 | ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read more | |
4 | about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file. | |
9d116dd7 | 5 | |
8fde188e GS |
6 | =head1 NAME |
7 | ||
37a78d01 | 8 | README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS |
8fde188e GS |
9 | |
10 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
11 | ||
12 | This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl | |
37a78d01 | 13 | on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services. |
8fde188e GS |
14 | |
15 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
16 | ||
9133bbab NIS |
17 | This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, |
18 | 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are | |
eae55d03 | 19 | the ones we've tested it on. |
8fde188e | 20 | |
9133bbab NIS |
21 | You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before |
22 | running the Configure script for Perl. | |
8fde188e | 23 | |
37a78d01 JH |
24 | |
25 | =head2 Tools | |
26 | ||
27 | The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links | |
f110302f | 28 | to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl. |
37a78d01 JH |
29 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
30 | ||
31 | ||
a83b6f46 | 32 | =head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 |
9d116dd7 JH |
33 | |
34 | Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: | |
35 | ||
37a78d01 | 36 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html |
9d116dd7 JH |
37 | |
38 | to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: | |
39 | ||
40 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar | |
41 | ||
bbee22da JH |
42 | If you get errors of the form |
43 | ||
44 | tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted. | |
45 | tar: FSUM7148 cannot create file "...": EDC5111I Permission denied. | |
46 | ||
47 | you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax. | |
48 | ||
a83b6f46 | 49 | =head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 |
8fde188e GS |
50 | |
51 | Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary | |
52 | parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: | |
53 | ||
54 | cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc | |
55 | ||
9133bbab | 56 | This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file |
8fde188e | 57 | and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. |
eae55d03 PK |
58 | The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was |
59 | SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular | |
60 | Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. | |
8fde188e | 61 | |
37a78d01 JH |
62 | GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as |
63 | well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the | |
64 | L</Tools>. | |
9d116dd7 | 65 | |
9133bbab NIS |
66 | Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while |
67 | trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such | |
68 | trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make | |
69 | from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make | |
70 | (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software | |
eae55d03 PK |
71 | for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. |
72 | ||
9133bbab NIS |
73 | If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system |
74 | supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file | |
8dd596cc PP |
75 | properly via the shell command: |
76 | ||
77 | cp /samples/startup.mk /etc | |
78 | ||
79 | and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting | |
80 | _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make). | |
81 | ||
f2766b05 PP |
82 | You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before |
83 | running the `make install` step for Perl. | |
84 | ||
eae55d03 PK |
85 | There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file |
86 | that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with | |
87 | the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant | |
88 | there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: | |
89 | ||
90 | #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port | |
91 | reuse */ / | |
92 | ||
9133bbab NIS |
93 | You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might |
94 | note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem | |
eae55d03 | 95 | and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. |
9133bbab | 96 | If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl |
eae55d03 PK |
97 | to build its "Socket" extension. |
98 | ||
9133bbab | 99 | For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your |
eae55d03 PK |
100 | world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). |
101 | ||
a83b6f46 | 102 | =head2 Configure Perl on OS/390 |
8fde188e | 103 | |
9133bbab NIS |
104 | Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL |
105 | for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file | |
8fde188e GS |
106 | for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things |
107 | to watch out for include: | |
108 | ||
109 | =over 4 | |
110 | ||
111 | =item * | |
112 | ||
eae55d03 PK |
113 | A message of the form: |
114 | ||
115 | (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, | |
116 | mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) | |
117 | ||
118 | is nothing to worry about at all. | |
119 | ||
120 | =item * | |
121 | ||
8fde188e GS |
122 | Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. |
123 | In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc | |
eae55d03 | 124 | before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction |
9133bbab NIS |
125 | of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. |
126 | This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed | |
127 | to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your | |
128 | misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball. | |
129 | Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before | |
59c9e5d6 | 130 | attempting to re-run Configure. |
8fde188e GS |
131 | |
132 | =item * | |
133 | ||
f2766b05 PP |
134 | This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by |
135 | default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then | |
136 | be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. | |
137 | See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. | |
138 | If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the | |
139 | $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order | |
140 | for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. | |
59c9e5d6 PP |
141 | If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to: |
142 | ||
143 | CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found. | |
144 | From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at | |
145 | ||
9133bbab | 146 | then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either |
59c9e5d6 PP |
147 | libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and |
148 | proceed. | |
8fde188e GS |
149 | |
150 | =item * | |
9d116dd7 | 151 | |
eae55d03 | 152 | Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is |
8fde188e GS |
153 | a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to |
154 | not work correctly when the optimizer is on. | |
9d116dd7 | 155 | |
8fde188e | 156 | =item * |
9d116dd7 | 157 | |
8fde188e GS |
158 | Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the |
159 | networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong | |
160 | names. In particular, make sure that there's either | |
eae55d03 | 161 | an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that |
8fde188e GS |
162 | gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file |
163 | /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT | |
164 | /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). | |
59c9e5d6 | 165 | You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN |
9133bbab | 166 | in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to |
59c9e5d6 | 167 | properly set up your /etc networking files. |
9d116dd7 | 168 | |
8fde188e GS |
169 | =back |
170 | ||
a83b6f46 | 171 | =head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 |
8fde188e GS |
172 | |
173 | Simply put: | |
174 | ||
175 | sh Configure | |
176 | make | |
177 | make test | |
178 | ||
eae55d03 | 179 | if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: |
8fde188e GS |
180 | |
181 | make install | |
182 | ||
183 | this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending | |
184 | on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether | |
185 | or not you have write access to the directories you specified. | |
186 | ||
a83b6f46 | 187 | =head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
eae55d03 PK |
188 | |
189 | "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed | |
190 | by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. | |
191 | ||
192 | Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your | |
193 | 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space | |
9133bbab | 194 | limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF |
eae55d03 PK |
195 | profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE |
196 | parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl | |
197 | with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). | |
198 | ||
9133bbab | 199 | Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit |
eae55d03 PK |
200 | settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: |
201 | ||
202 | ulimit -a | |
203 | ||
204 | To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the | |
205 | Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. | |
206 | ||
207 | If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the | |
208 | Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system | |
209 | header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. | |
210 | ||
a83b6f46 | 211 | =head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
eae55d03 PK |
212 | |
213 | The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before | |
214 | installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful | |
215 | run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen | |
216 | anomalies: | |
217 | ||
218 | =over 4 | |
219 | ||
220 | =item * | |
221 | ||
222 | A message of the form: | |
223 | ||
224 | comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a | |
225 | valid C source character. | |
226 | FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12. | |
227 | FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again. | |
228 | ok | |
229 | ||
230 | indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has | |
231 | passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does | |
232 | not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity. | |
233 | ||
234 | =item * | |
235 | ||
236 | A message of the form: | |
237 | ||
238 | io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. | |
239 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. | |
240 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. | |
241 | ok | |
242 | ||
243 | indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so | |
244 | with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. | |
245 | ||
246 | =item * | |
247 | ||
248 | A message of the form: | |
249 | ||
250 | lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe | |
251 | (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 | |
252 | File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not | |
253 | set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 | |
254 | ok | |
255 | ||
256 | indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. | |
257 | To correct that problem issue the command: | |
258 | ||
259 | chmod a+t /tmp | |
260 | ||
261 | from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. | |
262 | ||
9133bbab NIS |
263 | =item * |
264 | ||
265 | Out of Memory! | |
266 | ||
267 | Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the comments | |
268 | above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS | |
269 | in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma | |
210b36aa | 270 | to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins. |
9133bbab | 271 | |
210b36aa | 272 | The C code asks for: |
9133bbab NIS |
273 | |
274 | #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON)) | |
275 | ||
276 | The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP, | |
277 | and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap | |
210b36aa AMS |
278 | increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries |
279 | to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment | |
9133bbab NIS |
280 | and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory |
281 | available. | |
282 | ||
283 | A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()> | |
284 | to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this | |
285 | case something like: | |
286 | ||
287 | HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) | |
288 | ||
289 | is needed to get through the test suite. | |
290 | ||
291 | ||
eae55d03 PK |
292 | =back |
293 | ||
a83b6f46 | 294 | =head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
f2766b05 PP |
295 | |
296 | The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors | |
9133bbab | 297 | if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the |
f2766b05 PP |
298 | Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. |
299 | ||
a83b6f46 | 300 | =head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 |
64d55c8a | 301 | |
9d116dd7 | 302 | When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII |
9133bbab NIS |
303 | character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character |
304 | set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under | |
eae55d03 | 305 | EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. |
9d116dd7 | 306 | |
9133bbab NIS |
307 | Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support |
308 | #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from | |
eae55d03 | 309 | IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS |
9133bbab | 310 | releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. |
eae55d03 | 311 | If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: |
9d116dd7 JH |
312 | |
313 | head `whence perldoc` | |
314 | ||
315 | for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to | |
eae55d03 PK |
316 | have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. |
317 | ||
59c9e5d6 | 318 | If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your |
9133bbab | 319 | rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for |
59c9e5d6 PP |
320 | working with Perl on USS. |
321 | ||
a83b6f46 | 322 | =head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
35a77668 | 323 | |
9133bbab NIS |
324 | There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 |
325 | systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small | |
326 | magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of | |
327 | that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following | |
35a77668 PP |
328 | Perl code: |
329 | ||
330 | my $x = 100000.0; | |
331 | my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' | |
332 | my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' | |
333 | print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 | |
334 | ||
9133bbab | 335 | Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal |
35a77668 PP |
336 | to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. |
337 | ||
338 | The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: | |
339 | ||
340 | #include <stdio.h> | |
341 | #include <math.h> | |
342 | main() | |
343 | { | |
344 | double r1,r2; | |
345 | double x = 100000.0; | |
346 | double y = 0.0; | |
347 | double z = 0.0; | |
348 | x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; | |
349 | r1 = modf (x,&y); | |
350 | x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; | |
351 | r2 = modf (x,&z); | |
352 | printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); | |
353 | /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ | |
354 | } | |
355 | ||
a83b6f46 | 356 | =head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 |
eae55d03 PK |
357 | |
358 | Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: | |
359 | ||
360 | perl Makefile.PL | |
361 | make | |
362 | make test | |
363 | make install | |
364 | ||
f2766b05 PP |
365 | If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also |
366 | be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with | |
9133bbab NIS |
367 | the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 |
368 | but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for | |
369 | building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations | |
59c9e5d6 | 370 | building a static perl + xs extension boils down to: |
9d116dd7 | 371 | |
eae55d03 PK |
372 | perl Makefile.PL |
373 | make | |
374 | make perl | |
375 | make test | |
376 | make install | |
377 | make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl | |
8fde188e | 378 | |
9133bbab | 379 | In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather |
eae55d03 PK |
380 | than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for |
381 | xs based extensions. | |
8fde188e | 382 | |
f2766b05 PP |
383 | If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or |
384 | linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your | |
385 | login shell then run: | |
386 | ||
387 | export _C89_CCMODE=1 | |
388 | ||
389 | If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. | |
390 | ||
8fde188e GS |
391 | =head1 AUTHORS |
392 | ||
eae55d03 PK |
393 | David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker |
394 | and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. | |
395 | Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. | |
35a77668 | 396 | Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. |
f2766b05 | 397 | Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. |
8fde188e GS |
398 | |
399 | =head1 SEE ALSO | |
400 | ||
eae55d03 PK |
401 | L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. |
402 | ||
37a78d01 | 403 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
eae55d03 PK |
404 | |
405 | http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html | |
406 | ||
1e32511c | 407 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc |
eae55d03 PK |
408 | |
409 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ | |
8fde188e | 410 | |
9133bbab NIS |
411 | http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/ |
412 | ||
413 | http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/ | |
414 | ||
a83b6f46 | 415 | =head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 |
8fde188e | 416 | |
9133bbab | 417 | The Perl Institute (http://www.perl.org/) maintains a perl-mvs |
8fde188e | 418 | mailing list of interest to all folks building and/or |
9133bbab | 419 | using perl on all EBCDIC platforms (not just OS/390). |
eae55d03 | 420 | To subscribe, send a message of: |
9d116dd7 JH |
421 | |
422 | subscribe perl-mvs | |
423 | ||
35a77668 PP |
424 | to majordomo@perl.org. See also: |
425 | ||
426 | http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs | |
427 | ||
428 | There are web archives of the mailing list at: | |
eae55d03 PK |
429 | |
430 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ | |
35a77668 | 431 | http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ |
9d116dd7 | 432 | |
8fde188e GS |
433 | =head1 HISTORY |
434 | ||
435 | This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 | |
436 | release of Perl. | |
437 | ||
eae55d03 PK |
438 | This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. |
439 | ||
37a78d01 JH |
440 | Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs. |
441 | ||
eae55d03 | 442 | Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
8fde188e | 443 | |
35a77668 PP |
444 | Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
445 | ||
f2766b05 PP |
446 | Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. |
447 | ||
59c9e5d6 PP |
448 | Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'. |
449 | ||
8fde188e | 450 | =cut |
eae55d03 | 451 |