parts/inc/utf8: Don't use postfix for in D:P tests

[perl5.git] / dist / Devel-PPPort / parts / inc / utf8

=provides

__UNDEFINED__
utf8_to_uvchr_buf
sv_len_utf8
sv_len_utf8_nomg

=implementation

#define D_PPP_MIN(a,b) (((a) <= (b)) ? (a) : (b))

__UNDEFINED__ UNICODE_REPLACEMENT  0xFFFD

__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_MAXBYTES   UTF8_MAXLEN

__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV                 0
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY            0x0001
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION     0x0002
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION 0x0004
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT            0x0008
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_LONG             0x0010
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW         0x0080
__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_ALLOW_ANY            ( UTF8_ALLOW_CONTINUATION      \
                                          |UTF8_ALLOW_NON_CONTINUATION  \
                                          |UTF8_ALLOW_SHORT             \
                                          |UTF8_ALLOW_LONG              \
                                          |UTF8_ALLOW_OVERFLOW)

#if defined UTF8SKIP

/* Don't use official version because it uses MIN, which may not be available */
#undef UTF8_SAFE_SKIP

__UNDEFINED__  UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(s, e)  (                                          \
                                      ((((e) - (s)) <= 0)                       \
                                      ? 0                                       \
                                      : D_PPP_MIN(((e) - (s)), UTF8SKIP(s))))
#endif

#ifdef is_ascii_string
__UNDEFINED__ is_invariant_string(s,l) is_ascii_string(s,l)
__UNDEFINED__ is_utf8_invariant_string(s,l) is_ascii_string(s,l)

/* Hint: is_utf8_invariant_string
   Please use this instead of is_ascii_string or is_invariant_string
*/
#endif

#ifdef ibcmp_utf8
__UNDEFINED__ foldEQ_utf8(s1,pe1,l1,u1,s2,pe2,l2,u2)                            \
                                cBOOL(! ibcmp_utf8(s1,pe1,l1,u1,s2,pe2,l2,u2))
#endif

#if defined(is_utf8_string) && defined(UTF8SKIP)
__UNDEFINED__ isUTF8_CHAR(s0, e)    (                                           \
    (e) <= (s0) || ! is_utf8_string(s0, D_PPP_MIN(UTF8SKIP(s0), (e) - (s0)))    \
    ? 0                                                                         \
    : UTF8SKIP(s0))
#endif

#if 'A' == 65
__UNDEFINED__ BOM_UTF8                    "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
__UNDEFINED__ REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8  "\xEF\xBF\xBD"
#elif '^' == 95
__UNDEFINED__ BOM_UTF8                    "\xDD\x73\x66\x73"
__UNDEFINED__ REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8  "\xDD\x73\x73\x71"
#elif '^' == 176
__UNDEFINED__ BOM_UTF8                    "\xDD\x72\x65\x72"
__UNDEFINED__ REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8  "\xDD\x72\x72\x70"
#else
#  error Unknown character set
#endif

#if { VERSION < 5.31.4 }
        /* Versions prior to this accepted things that are now considered
         * malformations, and didn't return -1 on error with warnings enabled
         * */
#  undef utf8_to_uvchr_buf
#endif

/* This implementation brings modern, generally more restricted standards to
 * utf8_to_uvchr_buf.  Some of these are security related, and clearly must
 * be done.  But its arguable that the others need not, and hence should not.
 * The reason they're here is that a module that intends to play with the
 * latest perls should be able to work the same in all releases.  An example is
 * that perl no longer accepts any UV for a code point, but limits them to
 * IV_MAX or below.  This is for future internal use of the larger code points.
 * If it turns out that some of these changes are breaking code that isn't
 * intended to work with modern perls, the tighter restrictions could be
 * relaxed.  khw thinks this is unlikely, but has been wrong in the past. */

/* 5.6.0 is the first release with UTF-8, and we don't implement this function
 * there due to its likely lack of still being in use, and the underlying
 * implementation is very different from later ones, without the later
 * safeguards, so would require extra work to deal with */
#if { VERSION >= 5.6.1 } && ! defined(utf8_to_uvchr_buf)
   /* Choose which underlying implementation to use.  At least one must be
    * present or the perl is too early to handle this function */
#  if defined(utf8n_to_uvchr) || defined(utf8_to_uv)
#    if defined(utf8n_to_uvchr)   /* This is the preferred implementation */
#      define D_PPP_utf8_to_uvchr_buf_callee utf8n_to_uvchr
#    else     /* Must be at least 5.6.1 from #if above */
#      define D_PPP_utf8_to_uvchr_buf_callee(s, curlen, retlen, flags) utf8_to_uv((U8 *)(s), (curlen), (retlen), (flags))
#    endif
#  endif

#  if { NEED utf8_to_uvchr_buf }

UV
utf8_to_uvchr_buf(pTHX_ const U8 *s, const U8 *send, STRLEN *retlen)
{
    UV ret;
    STRLEN curlen;
    bool overflows = 0;
    const U8 *cur_s = s;
    const bool do_warnings = ckWARN_d(WARN_UTF8);
#    if { VERSION < 5.26.0 } && ! defined(EBCDIC)
    STRLEN overflow_length = 0;
#    endif

    if (send > s) {
        curlen = send - s;
    }
    else {
        assert(0);  /* Modern perls die under this circumstance */
        curlen = 0;
        if (! do_warnings) {    /* Handle empty here if no warnings needed */
            if (retlen) *retlen = 0;
            return UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
        }
    }

#    if { VERSION < 5.26.0 } && ! defined(EBCDIC)

    /* Perl did not properly detect overflow for much of its history on
     * non-EBCDIC platforms, often returning an overlong value which may or may
     * not have been tolerated in the call.  Also, earlier versions, when they
     * did detect overflow, may have disallowed it completely.  Modern ones can
     * replace it with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER, depending on calling
     * parameters.  Therefore detect it ourselves in  releases it was
     * problematic in. */

    if (curlen > 0 && UNLIKELY(*s >= 0xFE)) {

        /* First, on a 32-bit machine the first byte being at least \xFE
         * automatically is overflow, as it indicates something requiring more
         * than 31 bits */
        if (sizeof(ret) < 8) {
            overflows = 1;
            overflow_length = 7;
        }
        else {
            const U8 highest[] =    /* 2*63-1 */
                        "\xFF\x80\x87\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF";
            const U8 *cur_h = highest;

            for (cur_s = s; cur_s < send; cur_s++, cur_h++) {
                if (UNLIKELY(*cur_s == *cur_h)) {
                    continue;
                }

                /* If this byte is larger than the corresponding highest UTF-8
                 * byte, the sequence overflows; otherwise the byte is less
                 * than (as we handled the equality case above), and so the
                 * sequence doesn't overflow */
                overflows = *cur_s > *cur_h;
                break;

            }

            /* Here, either we set the bool and broke out of the loop, or got
             * to the end and all bytes are the same which indicates it doesn't
             * overflow.  If it did overflow, it would be this number of bytes
             * */
            overflow_length = 13;
        }
    }

    if (UNLIKELY(overflows)) {
        ret = 0;

        if (! do_warnings && retlen) {
            *retlen = overflow_length;
        }
    }
    else

#    endif  /* < 5.26 */

        /* Here, we are either in a release that properly detects overflow, or
         * we have checked for overflow and the next statement is executing as
         * part of the above conditional where we know we don't have overflow.
         *
         * The modern versions allow anything that evaluates to a legal UV, but
         * not overlongs nor an empty input */
        ret = D_PPP_utf8_to_uvchr_buf_callee(
                s, curlen, retlen,   (UTF8_ALLOW_ANYUV
                                  & ~(UTF8_ALLOW_LONG|UTF8_ALLOW_EMPTY)));

#    if { VERSION >= 5.26.0 } && { VERSION < 5.28.0 }

    /* But actually, more modern versions restrict the UV to being no more than
     * what * an IV can hold, so it could, so it could still have gotten it
     * wrong about overflowing. */
    if (UNLIKELY(ret > IV_MAX)) {
        overflows = 1;
    }

#    endif

    if (UNLIKELY(overflows)) {
        if (! do_warnings) {
            if (retlen) {
                *retlen = D_PPP_MIN(*retlen, UTF8SKIP(s));
                *retlen = D_PPP_MIN(*retlen, curlen);
            }
            return UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
        }
        else {

            /* We use the error message in use from 5.8-5.26 */
            Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_UTF8),
                "Malformed UTF-8 character (overflow at 0x%" UVxf
                ", byte 0x%02x, after start byte 0x%02x)",
                ret, *cur_s, *s);
            if (retlen) {
                *retlen = (STRLEN) -1;
            }
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /* Here, did not overflow, but if it failed for some other reason, and
     * warnings are off, to emulate the behavior of the real utf8_to_uvchr(),
     * try again, allowing anything.  (Note a return of 0 is ok if the input
     * was '\0') */
    if (UNLIKELY(ret == 0 && (curlen == 0 || *s != '\0'))) {

        /* If curlen is 0, we already handled the case where warnings are
         * disabled, so this 'if' will be true, and so later on, we know that
         * 's' is dereferencible */
        if (do_warnings) {
            *retlen = (STRLEN) -1;
        }
        else {
            ret = D_PPP_utf8_to_uvchr_buf_callee(
                                            s, curlen, retlen, UTF8_ALLOW_ANY);
            /* Override with the REPLACEMENT character, as that is what the
             * modern version of this function returns */
            ret = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;

#    if { VERSION < 5.16.0 }

            /* Versions earlier than this don't necessarily return the proper
             * length.  It should not extend past the end of string, nor past
             * what the first byte indicates the length is, nor past the
             * continuation characters */
            if (retlen && *retlen >= 0) {
                unsigned int i = 1;

                *retlen = D_PPP_MIN(*retlen, curlen);
                *retlen = D_PPP_MIN(*retlen, UTF8SKIP(s));
                do {
                    if (s[i] < 0x80 || s[i] > 0xBF) {
                        *retlen = i;
                        break;
                    }
                } while (++i < *retlen);
            }

#    endif

        }
    }

    return ret;
}

#  endif
#endif

#if defined(UTF8SKIP) && defined(utf8_to_uvchr_buf)
#undef utf8_to_uvchr /* Always redefine this unsafe function so that it refuses
                        to read past a NUL, making it much less likely to read
                        off the end of the buffer.  A NUL indicates the start
                        of the next character anyway.  If the input isn't
                        NUL-terminated, the function remains unsafe, as it
                        always has been. */

__UNDEFINED__  utf8_to_uvchr(s, lp)                                             \
    ((*(s) == '\0')                                                             \
    ? utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s,((s)+1), lp) /* Handle single NUL specially */        \
    : utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, (s) + my_strnlen((char *) (s), UTF8SKIP(s)), (lp)))

#endif

#ifdef SV_NOSTEAL
   /* Older Perl versions have broken sv_len_utf8() when passed sv does not have SVf_UTF8 flag set */
   /* Also note that SvGETMAGIC() may change presence of SVf_UTF8 flag */
#  if { VERSION < 5.17.5 }
#    undef sv_len_utf8
#    if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(PERL_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS_FORBIDDEN)
#      define sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv) ({ SV *_sv2 = (sv); (SvUTF8(_sv2) ? Perl_sv_len_utf8(aTHX_ (!SvGMAGICAL(_sv2) ? _sv2 : sv_mortalcopy_flags(_sv2, SV_NOSTEAL))) : ({ STRLEN _len; SvPV_nomg(_sv2, _len); _len; })); })
#      define sv_len_utf8(sv) ({ SV *_sv1 = (sv); SvGETMAGIC(_sv1); sv_len_utf8_nomg(_sv1); })
#    else
#      define sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv) (PL_Sv = (sv), (SvUTF8(PL_Sv) ? Perl_sv_len_utf8(aTHX_ (!SvGMAGICAL(PL_Sv) ? PL_Sv : sv_mortalcopy_flags(PL_Sv, SV_NOSTEAL))) : (SvPV_nomg(PL_Sv, PL_na), PL_na)))
#      define sv_len_utf8(sv) (PL_Sv = (sv), SvGETMAGIC(PL_Sv), sv_len_utf8_nomg(PL_Sv))
#    endif
#  endif
#  if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(PERL_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS_FORBIDDEN)
     __UNDEFINED__ sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv) ({ SV *_sv = (sv); sv_len_utf8(!SvGMAGICAL(_sv) ? _sv : sv_mortalcopy_flags(_sv, SV_NOSTEAL)); })
#  else
     __UNDEFINED__ sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv) ((PL_Sv = (sv)), sv_len_utf8(!SvGMAGICAL(PL_Sv) ? PL_Sv : sv_mortalcopy_flags(PL_Sv, SV_NOSTEAL)))
#  endif
#endif

=xsinit

#define NEED_utf8_to_uvchr_buf

=xsubs

#if defined(UTF8_SAFE_SKIP) && defined(UTF8SKIP)

STRLEN
UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(s, adjustment)
        char * s
        int adjustment
        PREINIT:
            const char *const_s;
        CODE:
            const_s = s;
            /* Instead of passing in an 'e' ptr, use the real end, adjusted */
            RETVAL = UTF8_SAFE_SKIP(const_s, s + UTF8SKIP(s) + adjustment);
        OUTPUT:
            RETVAL

#endif

#ifdef isUTF8_CHAR

STRLEN
isUTF8_CHAR(s, adjustment)
        unsigned char * s
        int adjustment
        PREINIT:
            const unsigned char *const_s;
            const unsigned char *const_e;
        CODE:
            const_s = s;
            /* Instead of passing in an 'e' ptr, use the real end, adjusted */
            const_e = const_s + UTF8SKIP(const_s) + adjustment;
            RETVAL = isUTF8_CHAR(const_s, const_e);
        OUTPUT:
            RETVAL

#endif


#ifdef foldEQ_utf8

STRLEN
foldEQ_utf8(s1, l1, u1, s2, l2, u2)
        char *s1
        UV l1
        bool u1
        char *s2
        UV l2
        bool u2
        PREINIT:
            const char *const_s1;
            const char *const_s2;
        CODE:
            const_s1 = s1;
            const_s2 = s2;
            RETVAL = foldEQ_utf8(const_s1, NULL, l1, u1, const_s2, NULL, l2, u2);
        OUTPUT:
            RETVAL

#endif

#ifdef utf8_to_uvchr_buf

AV *
utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, adjustment)
        unsigned char *s
        int adjustment
        PREINIT:
            AV *av;
            STRLEN len;
            const unsigned char *const_s;
        CODE:
            av = newAV();
            const_s = s;
            av_push(av, newSVuv(utf8_to_uvchr_buf(const_s,
                                                  s + UTF8SKIP(s) + adjustment,
                                                  &len)));
            if (len == (STRLEN) -1) {
                av_push(av, newSViv(-1));
            }
            else {
                av_push(av, newSVuv(len));
            }
            RETVAL = av;
        OUTPUT:
                RETVAL

#endif

#ifdef utf8_to_uvchr

AV *
utf8_to_uvchr(s)
        unsigned char *s
        PREINIT:
            AV *av;
            STRLEN len;
            const unsigned char *const_s;
        CODE:
            av = newAV();
            const_s = s;
            av_push(av, newSVuv(utf8_to_uvchr(const_s, &len)));
            if (len == (STRLEN) -1) {
                av_push(av, newSViv(-1));
            }
            else {
                av_push(av, newSVuv(len));
            }
            RETVAL = av;
        OUTPUT:
                RETVAL

#endif

#ifdef SV_NOSTEAL

STRLEN
sv_len_utf8(sv)
        SV *sv
        CODE:
                RETVAL = sv_len_utf8(sv);
        OUTPUT:
                RETVAL

STRLEN
sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv)
        SV *sv
        CODE:
                RETVAL = sv_len_utf8_nomg(sv);
        OUTPUT:
                RETVAL

#endif

=tests plan => 81

BEGIN { require warnings if "$]" gt '5.006' }

# skip tests on 5.6.0 and earlier
if ("$]" le '5.006') {
    skip 'skip: broken utf8 support', 0 for 1..81;
    exit;
}

ok(&Devel::PPPort::UTF8_SAFE_SKIP("A", 0), 1);
ok(&Devel::PPPort::UTF8_SAFE_SKIP("A", -1), 0);

ok(&Devel::PPPort::isUTF8_CHAR("A", -1), 0);
ok(&Devel::PPPort::isUTF8_CHAR("A",  0), 1);
ok(&Devel::PPPort::isUTF8_CHAR("\x{100}",  -1), 0);
ok(&Devel::PPPort::isUTF8_CHAR("\x{100}",  0), 2);

if ("$]" lt '5.008') {
    ok(1, 1) for 1 ..3
}
else {
    ok(&Devel::PPPort::foldEQ_utf8("A\x{100}", 3, 1, "a\x{101}", 3, 1), 1);
    ok(&Devel::PPPort::foldEQ_utf8("A\x{100}", 3, 1, "a\x{102}", 3, 1), 0);
    ok(&Devel::PPPort::foldEQ_utf8("A\x{100}", 3, 1, "b\x{101}", 3, 1), 0);
}

my $ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr("A");
ok($ret->[0], ord("A"));
ok($ret->[1], 1);

$ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr("\0");
ok($ret->[0], 0);
ok($ret->[1], 1);

$ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr_buf("A", 0);
ok($ret->[0], ord("A"));
ok($ret->[1], 1);

$ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr_buf("\0", 0);
ok($ret->[0], 0);
ok($ret->[1], 1);

if (ord("A") != 65) {   # tests not valid for EBCDIC
    ok(1, 1) for 1 .. (2 + 4 + (7 * 5));
}
else {
    $ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr_buf("\xc4\x80", 0);
    ok($ret->[0], 0x100);
    ok($ret->[1], 2);

    my @warnings;
    local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { push @warnings, @_; };

    {
        BEGIN { 'warnings'->import('utf8') if "$]" gt '5.006' }
        $ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr("\xe0\0\x80");
        ok($ret->[0], 0);
        ok($ret->[1], -1);

        BEGIN { 'warnings'->unimport() if "$]" gt '5.006' }
        $ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr("\xe0\0\x80");
        ok($ret->[0], 0xFFFD);
        ok($ret->[1], 1);
    }

    my @buf_tests = (
        {
            input      => "A",
            adjustment => -1,
            warning    => qr/empty/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 0,
        },
        {
            input      => "\xc4\xc5",
            adjustment => 0,
            warning    => qr/non-continuation/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 1,
        },
        {
            input      => "\xc4\x80",
            adjustment => -1,
            warning    => qr/short|1 byte, need 2/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 1,
        },
        {
            input      => "\xc0\x81",
            adjustment => 0,
            warning    => qr/overlong|2 bytes, need 1/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 2,
        },
        {
            input      => "\xe0\x80\x81",
            adjustment => 0,
            warning    => qr/overlong|3 bytes, need 1/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 3,
        },
        {
            input      => "\xf0\x80\x80\x81",
            adjustment => 0,
            warning    => qr/overlong|4 bytes, need 1/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 4,
        },
        {                 # Old algorithm failed to detect this
            input      => "\xff\x80\x90\x90\x90\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf",
            adjustment => 0,
            warning    => qr/overflow/,
            no_warnings_returned_length => 13,
        },
    );

    # An empty input is an assertion failure on debugging builds.  It is
    # deliberately the first test.
    require Config; import Config;
    use vars '%Config';
    if ($Config{ccflags} =~ /-DDEBUGGING/) {
        shift @buf_tests;
        ok(1, 1) for 1..5;
    }

    for my $test (@buf_tests) {
        my $input = $test->{'input'};
        my $adjustment = $test->{'adjustment'};
        my $display = 'utf8_to_uvchr_buf("';
        for (my $i = 0; $i < length($input) + $adjustment; $i++) {
            $display .= sprintf "\\x%02x", ord substr($input, $i, 1);
        }

        $display .= '")';
        my $warning = $test->{'warning'};

        undef @warnings;
        BEGIN { 'warnings'->import('utf8') if "$]" gt '5.006' }
        $ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr_buf($input, $adjustment);
        ok($ret->[0], 0,  "returned value $display; warnings enabled");
        ok($ret->[1], -1, "returned length $display; warnings enabled");
        my $all_warnings = join "; ", @warnings;
        my $contains = grep { $_ =~ $warning } $all_warnings;
        ok($contains, 1, $display
                    . "; Got: '$all_warnings', which should contain '$warning'");

        undef @warnings;
        BEGIN { 'warnings'->unimport('utf8') if "$]" gt '5.006' }
        $ret = &Devel::PPPort::utf8_to_uvchr_buf($input, $adjustment);
        ok($ret->[0], 0xFFFD,  "returned value $display; warnings disabled");
        ok($ret->[1], $test->{'no_warnings_returned_length'},
                      "returned length $display; warnings disabled");
    }
}

if ("$]" ge '5.008') {
    BEGIN { if ("$]" ge '5.008') { require utf8; "utf8"->import() } }

    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8("aščť"), 4);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8_nomg("aščť"), 4);

    my $str = "áíé";
    utf8::downgrade($str);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8($str), 3);
    utf8::downgrade($str);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8_nomg($str), 3);
    utf8::upgrade($str);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8($str), 3);
    utf8::upgrade($str);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8_nomg($str), 3);

    tie my $scalar, 'TieScalarCounter', "é";

    ok(tied($scalar)->{fetch}, 0);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{store}, 0);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8($scalar), 2);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{fetch}, 1);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{store}, 0);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8($scalar), 3);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{fetch}, 2);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{store}, 0);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8($scalar), 4);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{fetch}, 3);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{store}, 0);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8_nomg($scalar), 4);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{fetch}, 3);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{store}, 0);
    ok(Devel::PPPort::sv_len_utf8_nomg($scalar), 4);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{fetch}, 3);
    ok(tied($scalar)->{store}, 0);
} else {
    for (1..23) {
        skip 'skip: no SV_NOSTEAL support', 0;
    }
}

package TieScalarCounter;

sub TIESCALAR {
    my ($class, $value) = @_;
    return bless { fetch => 0, store => 0, value => $value }, $class;
}

sub FETCH {
    BEGIN { if ("$]" ge '5.008') { require utf8; "utf8"->import() } }
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->{fetch}++;
    return $self->{value} .= "é";
}

sub STORE {
    my ($self, $value) = @_;
    $self->{store}++;
    $self->{value} = $value;
}