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a56dbb1c | 1 | If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you |
2 | see. It is written in the POD format (see perlpod manpage) which is | |
3 | specially designed to be readable as is. | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 NAME | |
6 | ||
72ea3524 | 7 | perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. |
a56dbb1c | 8 | |
9 | =head1 SYNOPSIS | |
10 | ||
11 | One can read this document in the following formats: | |
12 | ||
13 | man perlos2 | |
14 | view perl perlos2 | |
15 | explorer perlos2.html | |
16 | info perlos2 | |
17 | ||
18 | to list some (not all may be available simultaneously), or it may | |
19 | be read I<as is>: either as F<README.os2>, or F<pod/perlos2.pod>. | |
20 | ||
72ea3524 IZ |
21 | To read the F<.INF> version of documentation (B<very> recommended) |
22 | outside of OS/2, one needs an IBM's reader (may be available on IBM | |
df3ef7a9 IZ |
23 | ftp sites (?) (URL anyone?)) or shipped with PC DOS 7.0 and IBM's |
24 | Visual Age C++ 3.5. | |
25 | ||
26 | A copy of a Win* viewer is contained in the "Just add OS/2 Warp" package | |
27 | ||
28 | ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ps/products/os2/tools/jaow/jaow.zip | |
29 | ||
aa689395 | 30 | in F<?:\JUST_ADD\view.exe>. This gives one an access to EMX's |
df3ef7a9 | 31 | F<.INF> docs as well (text form is available in F</emx/doc> in |
aa689395 | 32 | EMX's distribution). |
72ea3524 | 33 | |
d7678ab8 CS |
34 | Note that if you have F<lynx.exe> installed, you can follow WWW links |
35 | from this document in F<.INF> format. If you have EMX docs installed | |
36 | correctly, you can follow library links (you need to have C<view emxbook> | |
37 | working by setting C<EMXBOOK> environment variable as it is described | |
38 | in EMX docs). | |
39 | ||
a56dbb1c | 40 | =cut |
41 | ||
42 | Contents | |
43 | ||
df3ef7a9 | 44 | perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. |
a56dbb1c | 45 | |
df3ef7a9 IZ |
46 | NAME |
47 | SYNOPSIS | |
48 | DESCRIPTION | |
a56dbb1c | 49 | - Target |
50 | - Other OSes | |
51 | - Prerequisites | |
aa689395 | 52 | - Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) |
53 | - Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl | |
df3ef7a9 | 54 | Frequently asked questions |
72ea3524 | 55 | - I cannot run external programs |
df3ef7a9 IZ |
56 | - I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program. |
57 | - `` and pipe-open do not work under DOS. | |
aa689395 | 58 | - Cannot start find.exe "pattern" file |
df3ef7a9 | 59 | INSTALLATION |
a56dbb1c | 60 | - Automatic binary installation |
61 | - Manual binary installation | |
62 | - Warning | |
df3ef7a9 | 63 | Accessing documentation |
a56dbb1c | 64 | - OS/2 .INF file |
65 | - Plain text | |
66 | - Manpages | |
67 | - HTML | |
68 | - GNU info files | |
69 | - .PDF files | |
70 | - LaTeX docs | |
df3ef7a9 | 71 | BUILD |
a56dbb1c | 72 | - Prerequisites |
73 | - Getting perl source | |
74 | - Application of the patches | |
75 | - Hand-editing | |
76 | - Making | |
77 | - Testing | |
78 | - Installing the built perl | |
79 | - a.out-style build | |
df3ef7a9 | 80 | Build FAQ |
a56dbb1c | 81 | - Some / became \ in pdksh. |
82 | - 'errno' - unresolved external | |
83 | - Problems with tr | |
84 | - Some problem (forget which ;-) | |
85 | - Library ... not found | |
df3ef7a9 | 86 | - Segfault in make |
aa689395 | 87 | Specific (mis)features of EMX port |
a56dbb1c | 88 | - setpriority, getpriority |
89 | - system() | |
aa689395 | 90 | - extproc on the first line |
a56dbb1c | 91 | - Additional modules: |
92 | - Prebuilt methods: | |
93 | - Misfeatures | |
df3ef7a9 IZ |
94 | - Modifications |
95 | Perl flavors | |
a56dbb1c | 96 | - perl.exe |
97 | - perl_.exe | |
98 | - perl__.exe | |
99 | - perl___.exe | |
100 | - Why strange names? | |
101 | - Why dynamic linking? | |
102 | - Why chimera build? | |
df3ef7a9 | 103 | ENVIRONMENT |
a56dbb1c | 104 | - PERLLIB_PREFIX |
105 | - PERL_BADLANG | |
106 | - PERL_BADFREE | |
107 | - PERL_SH_DIR | |
108 | - TMP or TEMP | |
df3ef7a9 | 109 | Evolution |
a56dbb1c | 110 | - Priorities |
72ea3524 | 111 | - DLL name mangling |
a56dbb1c | 112 | - Threading |
113 | - Calls to external programs | |
df3ef7a9 | 114 | - Memory allocation |
ec40c0cd | 115 | - Threads |
df3ef7a9 IZ |
116 | AUTHOR |
117 | SEE ALSO | |
118 | ||
a56dbb1c | 119 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
120 | ||
121 | =head2 Target | |
122 | ||
123 | The target is to make OS/2 the best supported platform for | |
72ea3524 | 124 | using/building/developing Perl and I<Perl applications>, as well as |
aa689395 | 125 | make Perl the best language to use under OS/2. The secondary target is |
126 | to try to make this work under DOS and Win* as well (but not B<too> hard). | |
a56dbb1c | 127 | |
128 | The current state is quite close to this target. Known limitations: | |
129 | ||
130 | =over 5 | |
131 | ||
132 | =item * | |
133 | ||
134 | Some *nix programs use fork() a lot, but currently fork() is not | |
135 | supported after I<use>ing dynamically loaded extensions. | |
136 | ||
137 | =item * | |
138 | ||
139 | You need a separate perl executable F<perl__.exe> (see L<perl__.exe>) | |
140 | to use PM code in your application (like the forthcoming Perl/Tk). | |
141 | ||
142 | =item * | |
143 | ||
aa689395 | 144 | There is no simple way to access WPS objects. The only way I know |
a56dbb1c | 145 | is via C<OS2::REXX> extension (see L<OS2::REXX>), and we do not have access to |
aa689395 | 146 | convenience methods of Object-REXX. (Is it possible at all? I know |
147 | of no Object-REXX API.) | |
a56dbb1c | 148 | |
149 | =back | |
150 | ||
151 | Please keep this list up-to-date by informing me about other items. | |
152 | ||
153 | =head2 Other OSes | |
154 | ||
aa689395 | 155 | Since OS/2 port of perl uses a remarkable EMX environment, it can |
a56dbb1c | 156 | run (and build extensions, and - possibly - be build itself) under any |
157 | environment which can run EMX. The current list is DOS, | |
72ea3524 | 158 | DOS-inside-OS/2, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. Out of many perl flavors, |
a56dbb1c | 159 | only one works, see L<"perl_.exe">. |
160 | ||
161 | Note that not all features of Perl are available under these | |
162 | environments. This depends on the features the I<extender> - most | |
aa689395 | 163 | probably RSX - decided to implement. |
a56dbb1c | 164 | |
165 | Cf. L<Prerequisites>. | |
166 | ||
167 | =head2 Prerequisites | |
168 | ||
169 | =over 6 | |
170 | ||
aa689395 | 171 | =item EMX |
a56dbb1c | 172 | |
aa689395 | 173 | EMX runtime is required (may be substituted by RSX). Note that |
55497cff | 174 | it is possible to make F<perl_.exe> to run under DOS without any |
72ea3524 | 175 | external support by binding F<emx.exe>/F<rsx.exe> to it, see L<emxbind>. Note |
aa689395 | 176 | that under DOS for best results one should use RSX runtime, which |
55497cff | 177 | has much more functions working (like C<fork>, C<popen> and so on). In |
aa689395 | 178 | fact RSX is required if there is no VCPI present. Note the |
179 | RSX requires DPMI. | |
a56dbb1c | 180 | |
884335e8 | 181 | Only the latest runtime is supported, currently C<0.9d fix 03>. Perl may run |
aa689395 | 182 | under earlier versions of EMX, but this is not tested. |
a56dbb1c | 183 | |
aa689395 | 184 | One can get different parts of EMX from, say |
a56dbb1c | 185 | |
884335e8 YST |
186 | http://www.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/ |
187 | http://powerusersbbs.com/pub/os2/dev/ [EMX+GCC Development] | |
188 | http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/dev/emx/v0.9d/ | |
a56dbb1c | 189 | |
190 | The runtime component should have the name F<emxrt.zip>. | |
191 | ||
72ea3524 IZ |
192 | B<NOTE>. It is enough to have F<emx.exe>/F<rsx.exe> on your path. One |
193 | does not need to specify them explicitly (though this | |
194 | ||
195 | emx perl_.exe -de 0 | |
196 | ||
197 | will work as well.) | |
198 | ||
aa689395 | 199 | =item RSX |
a56dbb1c | 200 | |
aa689395 | 201 | To run Perl on DPMI platforms one needs RSX runtime. This is |
72ea3524 | 202 | needed under DOS-inside-OS/2, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT (see |
aa689395 | 203 | L<"Other OSes">). RSX would not work with VCPI |
204 | only, as EMX would, it requires DMPI. | |
55497cff | 205 | |
aa689395 | 206 | Having RSX and the latest F<sh.exe> one gets a fully functional |
55497cff | 207 | B<*nix>-ish environment under DOS, say, C<fork>, C<``> and |
208 | pipe-C<open> work. In fact, MakeMaker works (for static build), so one | |
209 | can have Perl development environment under DOS. | |
a56dbb1c | 210 | |
aa689395 | 211 | One can get RSX from, say |
a56dbb1c | 212 | |
d7678ab8 | 213 | ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/emx09c/contrib |
a56dbb1c | 214 | ftp://ftp.uni-bielefeld.de/pub/systems/msdos/misc |
d7678ab8 | 215 | ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/devtools/emx+gcc/contrib |
a56dbb1c | 216 | |
217 | Contact the author on C<rainer@mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de>. | |
218 | ||
55497cff | 219 | The latest F<sh.exe> with DOS hooks is available at |
220 | ||
d7678ab8 | 221 | ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/os2/sh_dos.zip |
55497cff | 222 | |
aa689395 | 223 | =item HPFS |
a56dbb1c | 224 | |
225 | Perl does not care about file systems, but to install the whole perl | |
226 | library intact one needs a file system which supports long file names. | |
227 | ||
228 | Note that if you do not plan to build the perl itself, it may be | |
aa689395 | 229 | possible to fool EMX to truncate file names. This is not supported, |
230 | read EMX docs to see how to do it. | |
231 | ||
232 | =item pdksh | |
233 | ||
234 | To start external programs with complicated command lines (like with | |
235 | pipes in between, and/or quoting of arguments), Perl uses an external | |
236 | shell. With EMX port such shell should be named <sh.exe>, and located | |
237 | either in the wired-in-during-compile locations (usually F<F:/bin>), | |
238 | or in configurable location (see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">). | |
239 | ||
240 | For best results use EMX pdksh. The soon-to-be-available standard | |
241 | binary (5.2.12?) runs under DOS (with L<RSX>) as well, meanwhile use | |
242 | the binary from | |
243 | ||
d7678ab8 | 244 | ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/os2/sh_dos.zip |
a56dbb1c | 245 | |
246 | =back | |
247 | ||
aa689395 | 248 | =head2 Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) |
a56dbb1c | 249 | |
250 | Start your Perl program F<foo.pl> with arguments C<arg1 arg2 arg3> the | |
251 | same way as on any other platform, by | |
252 | ||
253 | perl foo.pl arg1 arg2 arg3 | |
254 | ||
255 | If you want to specify perl options C<-my_opts> to the perl itself (as | |
256 | opposed to to your program), use | |
257 | ||
258 | perl -my_opts foo.pl arg1 arg2 arg3 | |
259 | ||
aa689395 | 260 | Alternately, if you use OS/2-ish shell, like CMD or 4os2, put |
a56dbb1c | 261 | the following at the start of your perl script: |
262 | ||
aa689395 | 263 | extproc perl -S -my_opts |
a56dbb1c | 264 | |
265 | rename your program to F<foo.cmd>, and start it by typing | |
266 | ||
267 | foo arg1 arg2 arg3 | |
268 | ||
a56dbb1c | 269 | Note that because of stupid OS/2 limitations the full path of the perl |
270 | script is not available when you use C<extproc>, thus you are forced to | |
271 | use C<-S> perl switch, and your script should be on path. As a plus | |
272 | side, if you know a full path to your script, you may still start it | |
273 | with | |
274 | ||
aa689395 | 275 | perl ../../blah/foo.cmd arg1 arg2 arg3 |
a56dbb1c | 276 | |
aa689395 | 277 | (note that the argument C<-my_opts> is taken care of by the C<extproc> line |
278 | in your script, see L<C<extproc> on the first line>). | |
a56dbb1c | 279 | |
280 | To understand what the above I<magic> does, read perl docs about C<-S> | |
aa689395 | 281 | switch - see L<perlrun>, and cmdref about C<extproc>: |
a56dbb1c | 282 | |
283 | view perl perlrun | |
284 | man perlrun | |
285 | view cmdref extproc | |
286 | help extproc | |
287 | ||
288 | or whatever method you prefer. | |
289 | ||
72ea3524 | 290 | There are also endless possibilities to use I<executable extensions> of |
aa689395 | 291 | 4os2, I<associations> of WPS and so on... However, if you use |
a56dbb1c | 292 | *nixish shell (like F<sh.exe> supplied in the binary distribution), |
72ea3524 | 293 | you need to follow the syntax specified in L<perlrun/"Switches">. |
a56dbb1c | 294 | |
d8c2d278 IZ |
295 | Note that B<-S> switch enables a search with additional extensions |
296 | F<.cmd>, F<.btm>, F<.bat>, F<.pl> as well. | |
297 | ||
aa689395 | 298 | =head2 Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl |
a56dbb1c | 299 | |
300 | This is what system() (see L<perlfunc/system>), C<``> (see | |
301 | L<perlop/"I/O Operators">), and I<open pipe> (see L<perlfunc/open>) | |
302 | are for. (Avoid exec() (see L<perlfunc/exec>) unless you know what you | |
303 | do). | |
304 | ||
305 | Note however that to use some of these operators you need to have a | |
aa689395 | 306 | sh-syntax shell installed (see L<"Pdksh">, |
a56dbb1c | 307 | L<"Frequently asked questions">), and perl should be able to find it |
308 | (see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">). | |
309 | ||
2c2e0e8c IZ |
310 | The cases when the shell is used are: |
311 | ||
312 | =over | |
313 | ||
314 | =item 1 | |
315 | ||
316 | One-argument system() (see L<perlfunc/system>), exec() (see L<perlfunc/exec>) | |
317 | with redirection or shell meta-characters; | |
318 | ||
319 | =item 2 | |
320 | ||
321 | Pipe-open (see L<perlfunc/open>) with the command which contains redirection | |
322 | or shell meta-characters; | |
323 | ||
324 | =item 3 | |
325 | ||
326 | Backticks C<``> (see L<perlop/"I/O Operators">) with the command which contains | |
327 | redirection or shell meta-characters; | |
328 | ||
329 | =item 4 | |
330 | ||
331 | If the executable called by system()/exec()/pipe-open()/C<``> is a script | |
332 | with the "magic" C<#!> line or C<extproc> line which specifies shell; | |
333 | ||
334 | =item 5 | |
335 | ||
336 | If the executable called by system()/exec()/pipe-open()/C<``> is a script | |
337 | without "magic" line, and C<$ENV{EXECSHELL}> is set to shell; | |
338 | ||
339 | =item 6 | |
340 | ||
341 | If the executable called by system()/exec()/pipe-open()/C<``> is not | |
342 | found; | |
343 | ||
344 | =item 7 | |
345 | ||
346 | For globbing (see L<perlfunc/glob>, L<perlop/"I/O Operators">). | |
347 | ||
348 | =back | |
349 | ||
350 | For the sake of speed for a common case, in the above algorithms | |
351 | backslashes in the command name are not considered as shell metacharacters. | |
352 | ||
353 | Perl starts scripts which begin with cookies | |
354 | C<extproc> or C<#!> directly, without an intervention of shell. Perl uses the | |
355 | same algorithm to find the executable as F<pdksh>: if the path | |
356 | on C<#!> line does not work, and contains C</>, then the executable | |
357 | is searched in F<.> and on C<PATH>. To find arguments for these scripts | |
358 | Perl uses a different algorithm than F<pdksh>: up to 3 arguments are | |
359 | recognized, and trailing whitespace is stripped. | |
360 | ||
361 | If a script | |
362 | does not contain such a cooky, then to avoid calling F<sh.exe>, Perl uses | |
363 | the same algorithm as F<pdksh>: if C<$ENV{EXECSHELL}> is set, the | |
364 | script is given as the first argument to this command, if not set, then | |
365 | C<$ENV{COMSPEC} /c> is used (or a hardwired guess if C<$ENV{COMSPEC}> is | |
366 | not set). | |
491527d0 GS |
367 | |
368 | If starting scripts directly, Perl will use exactly the same algorithm as for | |
369 | the search of script given by B<-S> command-line option: it will look in | |
370 | the current directory, then on components of C<$ENV{PATH}> using the | |
371 | following order of appended extensions: no extension, F<.cmd>, F<.btm>, | |
372 | F<.bat>, F<.pl>. | |
373 | ||
374 | Note that Perl will start to look for scripts only if OS/2 cannot start the | |
375 | specified application, thus C<system 'blah'> will not look for a script if | |
376 | there is an executable file F<blah.exe> I<anywhere> on C<PATH>. | |
377 | ||
378 | Note also that executable files on OS/2 can have an arbitrary extension, | |
379 | but F<.exe> will be automatically appended if no dot is present in the name. | |
380 | The workaround as as simple as that: since F<blah.> and F<blah> denote the | |
381 | same file, to start an executable residing in file F<n:/bin/blah> (no | |
382 | extension) give an argument C<n:/bin/blah.> to system(). | |
383 | ||
384 | The last note is that currently it is not straightforward to start PM | |
385 | programs from VIO (=text-mode) Perl process and visa versa. Either ensure | |
386 | that shell will be used, as in C<system 'cmd /c epm'>, or start it using | |
387 | optional arguments to system() documented in C<OS2::Process> module. This | |
388 | is considered a bug and should be fixed soon. | |
389 | ||
a56dbb1c | 390 | |
391 | =head1 Frequently asked questions | |
392 | ||
72ea3524 | 393 | =head2 I cannot run external programs |
a56dbb1c | 394 | |
55497cff | 395 | =over 4 |
396 | ||
397 | =item | |
398 | ||
a56dbb1c | 399 | Did you run your programs with C<-w> switch? See |
aa689395 | 400 | L<Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl>. |
a56dbb1c | 401 | |
55497cff | 402 | =item |
403 | ||
404 | Do you try to run I<internal> shell commands, like C<`copy a b`> | |
405 | (internal for F<cmd.exe>), or C<`glob a*b`> (internal for ksh)? You | |
72ea3524 | 406 | need to specify your shell explicitly, like C<`cmd /c copy a b`>, |
55497cff | 407 | since Perl cannot deduce which commands are internal to your shell. |
408 | ||
409 | =back | |
410 | ||
a56dbb1c | 411 | =head2 I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my |
412 | program. | |
413 | ||
414 | =over 4 | |
415 | ||
aa689395 | 416 | =item Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>? |
a56dbb1c | 417 | |
418 | If not, you need to build a stand-alone DLL for perl. Contact me, I | |
419 | did it once. Sockets would not work, as a lot of other stuff. | |
420 | ||
aa689395 | 421 | =item Did you use L<ExtUtils::Embed>? |
a56dbb1c | 422 | |
423 | I had reports it does not work. Somebody would need to fix it. | |
424 | ||
425 | =back | |
426 | ||
55497cff | 427 | =head2 C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS. |
428 | ||
72ea3524 | 429 | This may a variant of just L<"I cannot run external programs">, or a |
aa689395 | 430 | deeper problem. Basically: you I<need> RSX (see L<"Prerequisites">) |
72ea3524 | 431 | for these commands to work, and you may need a port of F<sh.exe> which |
55497cff | 432 | understands command arguments. One of such ports is listed in |
aa689395 | 433 | L<"Prerequisites"> under RSX. Do not forget to set variable |
434 | C<L<"PERL_SH_DIR">> as well. | |
435 | ||
436 | DPMI is required for RSX. | |
437 | ||
438 | =head2 Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file> | |
55497cff | 439 | |
aa689395 | 440 | Use one of |
441 | ||
442 | system 'cmd', '/c', 'find "pattern" file'; | |
443 | `cmd /c 'find "pattern" file'` | |
444 | ||
445 | This would start F<find.exe> via F<cmd.exe> via C<sh.exe> via | |
446 | C<perl.exe>, but this is a price to pay if you want to use | |
447 | non-conforming program. In fact F<find.exe> cannot be started at all | |
448 | using C library API only. Otherwise the following command-lines were | |
449 | equivalent: | |
450 | ||
451 | find "pattern" file | |
452 | find pattern file | |
55497cff | 453 | |
a56dbb1c | 454 | =head1 INSTALLATION |
455 | ||
456 | =head2 Automatic binary installation | |
457 | ||
72ea3524 | 458 | The most convenient way of installing perl is via perl installer |
a56dbb1c | 459 | F<install.exe>. Just follow the instructions, and 99% of the |
460 | installation blues would go away. | |
461 | ||
462 | Note however, that you need to have F<unzip.exe> on your path, and | |
aa689395 | 463 | EMX environment I<running>. The latter means that if you just |
464 | installed EMX, and made all the needed changes to F<Config.sys>, | |
465 | you may need to reboot in between. Check EMX runtime by running | |
a56dbb1c | 466 | |
467 | emxrev | |
468 | ||
469 | A folder is created on your desktop which contains some useful | |
470 | objects. | |
471 | ||
472 | B<Things not taken care of by automatic binary installation:> | |
473 | ||
474 | =over 15 | |
475 | ||
476 | =item C<PERL_BADLANG> | |
477 | ||
478 | may be needed if you change your codepage I<after> perl installation, | |
aa689395 | 479 | and the new value is not supported by EMX. See L<"PERL_BADLANG">. |
a56dbb1c | 480 | |
481 | =item C<PERL_BADFREE> | |
482 | ||
483 | see L<"PERL_BADFREE">. | |
484 | ||
485 | =item F<Config.pm> | |
486 | ||
487 | This file resides somewhere deep in the location you installed your | |
488 | perl library, find it out by | |
489 | ||
490 | perl -MConfig -le "print $INC{'Config.pm'}" | |
491 | ||
492 | While most important values in this file I<are> updated by the binary | |
493 | installer, some of them may need to be hand-edited. I know no such | |
494 | data, please keep me informed if you find one. | |
495 | ||
496 | =back | |
497 | ||
aa689395 | 498 | B<NOTE>. Because of a typo the binary installer of 5.00305 |
499 | would install a variable C<PERL_SHPATH> into F<Config.sys>. Please | |
500 | remove this variable and put C<L<PERL_SH_DIR>> instead. | |
501 | ||
a56dbb1c | 502 | =head2 Manual binary installation |
503 | ||
72ea3524 | 504 | As of version 5.00305, OS/2 perl binary distribution comes split |
a56dbb1c | 505 | into 11 components. Unfortunately, to enable configurable binary |
aa689395 | 506 | installation, the file paths in the zip files are not absolute, but |
a56dbb1c | 507 | relative to some directory. |
508 | ||
509 | Note that the extraction with the stored paths is still necessary | |
aa689395 | 510 | (default with unzip, specify C<-d> to pkunzip). However, you |
a56dbb1c | 511 | need to know where to extract the files. You need also to manually |
512 | change entries in F<Config.sys> to reflect where did you put the | |
72ea3524 | 513 | files. Note that if you have some primitive unzipper (like |
aa689395 | 514 | pkunzip), you may get a lot of warnings/errors during |
72ea3524 | 515 | unzipping. Upgrade to C<(w)unzip>. |
a56dbb1c | 516 | |
517 | Below is the sample of what to do to reproduce the configuration on my | |
518 | machine: | |
519 | ||
520 | =over 3 | |
521 | ||
522 | =item Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked) | |
523 | ||
524 | unzip perl_exc.zip *.exe *.ico -d f:/emx.add/bin | |
525 | unzip perl_exc.zip *.dll -d f:/emx.add/dll | |
526 | ||
aa689395 | 527 | (have the directories with C<*.exe> on PATH, and C<*.dll> on |
528 | LIBPATH); | |
a56dbb1c | 529 | |
530 | =item Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked) | |
531 | ||
532 | unzip perl_aou.zip -d f:/emx.add/bin | |
533 | ||
aa689395 | 534 | (have the directory on PATH); |
a56dbb1c | 535 | |
536 | =item Executables for Perl utilities | |
537 | ||
538 | unzip perl_utl.zip -d f:/emx.add/bin | |
539 | ||
aa689395 | 540 | (have the directory on PATH); |
a56dbb1c | 541 | |
542 | =item Main Perl library | |
543 | ||
544 | unzip perl_mlb.zip -d f:/perllib/lib | |
545 | ||
546 | If this directory is preserved, you do not need to change | |
547 | anything. However, for perl to find it if it is changed, you need to | |
548 | C<set PERLLIB_PREFIX> in F<Config.sys>, see L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">. | |
549 | ||
550 | =item Additional Perl modules | |
551 | ||
552 | unzip perl_ste.zip -d f:/perllib/lib/site_perl | |
553 | ||
554 | If you do not change this directory, do nothing. Otherwise put this | |
555 | directory and subdirectory F<./os2> in C<PERLLIB> or C<PERL5LIB> | |
556 | variable. Do not use C<PERL5LIB> unless you have it set already. See | |
557 | L<perl/"ENVIRONMENT">. | |
558 | ||
559 | =item Tools to compile Perl modules | |
560 | ||
561 | unzip perl_blb.zip -d f:/perllib/lib | |
562 | ||
563 | If this directory is preserved, you do not need to change | |
564 | anything. However, for perl to find it if it is changed, you need to | |
565 | C<set PERLLIB_PREFIX> in F<Config.sys>, see L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">. | |
566 | ||
567 | =item Manpages for Perl and utilities | |
568 | ||
569 | unzip perl_man.zip -d f:/perllib/man | |
570 | ||
571 | This directory should better be on C<MANPATH>. You need to have a | |
aa689395 | 572 | working man to access these files. |
a56dbb1c | 573 | |
574 | =item Manpages for Perl modules | |
575 | ||
576 | unzip perl_mam.zip -d f:/perllib/man | |
577 | ||
578 | This directory should better be on C<MANPATH>. You need to have a | |
aa689395 | 579 | working man to access these files. |
a56dbb1c | 580 | |
581 | =item Source for Perl documentation | |
582 | ||
583 | unzip perl_pod.zip -d f:/perllib/lib | |
584 | ||
585 | This is used by by C<perldoc> program (see L<perldoc>), and may be used to | |
aa689395 | 586 | generate HTML documentation usable by WWW browsers, and |
a56dbb1c | 587 | documentation in zillions of other formats: C<info>, C<LaTeX>, |
588 | C<Acrobat>, C<FrameMaker> and so on. | |
589 | ||
aa689395 | 590 | =item Perl manual in F<.INF> format |
a56dbb1c | 591 | |
592 | unzip perl_inf.zip -d d:/os2/book | |
593 | ||
594 | This directory should better be on C<BOOKSHELF>. | |
595 | ||
596 | =item Pdksh | |
597 | ||
598 | unzip perl_sh.zip -d f:/bin | |
599 | ||
72ea3524 | 600 | This is used by perl to run external commands which explicitly |
a56dbb1c | 601 | require shell, like the commands using I<redirection> and I<shell |
602 | metacharacters>. It is also used instead of explicit F</bin/sh>. | |
603 | ||
604 | Set C<PERL_SH_DIR> (see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">) if you move F<sh.exe> from | |
605 | the above location. | |
606 | ||
aa689395 | 607 | B<Note.> It may be possible to use some other sh-compatible shell |
a56dbb1c | 608 | (I<not tested>). |
609 | ||
610 | =back | |
611 | ||
612 | After you installed the components you needed and updated the | |
613 | F<Config.sys> correspondingly, you need to hand-edit | |
614 | F<Config.pm>. This file resides somewhere deep in the location you | |
615 | installed your perl library, find it out by | |
616 | ||
617 | perl -MConfig -le "print $INC{'Config.pm'}" | |
618 | ||
619 | You need to correct all the entries which look like file paths (they | |
620 | currently start with C<f:/>). | |
621 | ||
622 | =head2 B<Warning> | |
623 | ||
624 | The automatic and manual perl installation leave precompiled paths | |
625 | inside perl executables. While these paths are overwriteable (see | |
626 | L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">, L<"PERL_SH_DIR">), one may get better results by | |
627 | binary editing of paths inside the executables/DLLs. | |
628 | ||
629 | =head1 Accessing documentation | |
630 | ||
631 | Depending on how you built/installed perl you may have (otherwise | |
632 | identical) Perl documentation in the following formats: | |
633 | ||
634 | =head2 OS/2 F<.INF> file | |
635 | ||
aa689395 | 636 | Most probably the most convenient form. Under OS/2 view it as |
a56dbb1c | 637 | |
638 | view perl | |
639 | view perl perlfunc | |
640 | view perl less | |
641 | view perl ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
642 | ||
643 | (currently the last two may hit a wrong location, but this may improve | |
aa689395 | 644 | soon). Under Win* see L<"SYNOPSIS">. |
a56dbb1c | 645 | |
646 | If you want to build the docs yourself, and have I<OS/2 toolkit>, run | |
647 | ||
648 | pod2ipf > perl.ipf | |
649 | ||
650 | in F</perllib/lib/pod> directory, then | |
651 | ||
652 | ipfc /inf perl.ipf | |
653 | ||
654 | (Expect a lot of errors during the both steps.) Now move it on your | |
655 | BOOKSHELF path. | |
656 | ||
657 | =head2 Plain text | |
658 | ||
659 | If you have perl documentation in the source form, perl utilities | |
aa689395 | 660 | installed, and GNU groff installed, you may use |
a56dbb1c | 661 | |
662 | perldoc perlfunc | |
663 | perldoc less | |
664 | perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
665 | ||
72ea3524 | 666 | to access the perl documentation in the text form (note that you may get |
a56dbb1c | 667 | better results using perl manpages). |
668 | ||
669 | Alternately, try running pod2text on F<.pod> files. | |
670 | ||
671 | =head2 Manpages | |
672 | ||
aa689395 | 673 | If you have man installed on your system, and you installed perl |
a56dbb1c | 674 | manpages, use something like this: |
5243f9ae | 675 | |
5243f9ae | 676 | man perlfunc |
677 | man 3 less | |
678 | man ExtUtils.MakeMaker | |
5243f9ae | 679 | |
a56dbb1c | 680 | to access documentation for different components of Perl. Start with |
681 | ||
682 | man perl | |
683 | ||
684 | Note that dot (F<.>) is used as a package separator for documentation | |
685 | for packages, and as usual, sometimes you need to give the section - C<3> | |
686 | above - to avoid shadowing by the I<less(1) manpage>. | |
687 | ||
688 | Make sure that the directory B<above> the directory with manpages is | |
689 | on our C<MANPATH>, like this | |
690 | ||
691 | set MANPATH=c:/man;f:/perllib/man | |
692 | ||
aa689395 | 693 | =head2 HTML |
a56dbb1c | 694 | |
695 | If you have some WWW browser available, installed the Perl | |
696 | documentation in the source form, and Perl utilities, you can build | |
aa689395 | 697 | HTML docs. Cd to directory with F<.pod> files, and do like this |
a56dbb1c | 698 | |
699 | cd f:/perllib/lib/pod | |
5243f9ae | 700 | pod2html |
5243f9ae | 701 | |
a56dbb1c | 702 | After this you can direct your browser the file F<perl.html> in this |
703 | directory, and go ahead with reading docs, like this: | |
5243f9ae | 704 | |
a56dbb1c | 705 | explore file:///f:/perllib/lib/pod/perl.html |
5243f9ae | 706 | |
aa689395 | 707 | Alternatively you may be able to get these docs prebuilt from CPAN. |
5243f9ae | 708 | |
aa689395 | 709 | =head2 GNU C<info> files |
bb14ff96 | 710 | |
aa689395 | 711 | Users of Emacs would appreciate it very much, especially with |
a56dbb1c | 712 | C<CPerl> mode loaded. You need to get latest C<pod2info> from C<CPAN>, |
713 | or, alternately, prebuilt info pages. | |
615d1a09 | 714 | |
a56dbb1c | 715 | =head2 F<.PDF> files |
716 | ||
717 | for C<Acrobat> are available on CPAN (for slightly old version of | |
718 | perl). | |
719 | ||
720 | =head2 C<LaTeX> docs | |
721 | ||
722 | can be constructed using C<pod2latex>. | |
723 | ||
724 | =head1 BUILD | |
725 | ||
726 | Here we discuss how to build Perl under OS/2. There is an alternative | |
727 | (but maybe older) view on L<http://www.shadow.net/~troc/os2perl.html>. | |
728 | ||
729 | =head2 Prerequisites | |
730 | ||
aa689395 | 731 | You need to have the latest EMX development environment, the full |
732 | GNU tool suite (gawk renamed to awk, and GNU F<find.exe> | |
a56dbb1c | 733 | earlier on path than the OS/2 F<find.exe>, same with F<sort.exe>, to |
734 | check use | |
735 | ||
736 | find --version | |
737 | sort --version | |
738 | ||
739 | ). You need the latest version of F<pdksh> installed as F<sh.exe>. | |
740 | ||
2c2e0e8c IZ |
741 | Check that you have B<BSD> libraries and headers installed, and - |
742 | optionally - Berkeley DB headers and libraries, and crypt. | |
743 | ||
a56dbb1c | 744 | Possible locations to get this from are |
745 | ||
d7678ab8 | 746 | ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/os2/unix/ |
a56dbb1c | 747 | ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/unix/ |
748 | ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/dev32/ | |
d7678ab8 | 749 | ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/emx09c/ |
a56dbb1c | 750 | |
eb447b86 IZ |
751 | It is reported that the following archives contain enough utils to |
752 | build perl: gnufutil.zip, gnusutil.zip, gnututil.zip, gnused.zip, | |
753 | gnupatch.zip, gnuawk.zip, gnumake.zip and ksh527rt.zip. Note that | |
754 | all these utilities are known to be available from LEO: | |
755 | ||
756 | ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu | |
a56dbb1c | 757 | |
758 | Make sure that no copies or perl are currently running. Later steps | |
759 | of the build may fail since an older version of perl.dll loaded into | |
760 | memory may be found. | |
761 | ||
762 | Also make sure that you have F</tmp> directory on the current drive, | |
763 | and F<.> directory in your C<LIBPATH>. One may try to correct the | |
764 | latter condition by | |
765 | ||
766 | set BEGINLIBPATH . | |
767 | ||
768 | if you use something like F<CMD.EXE> or latest versions of F<4os2.exe>. | |
769 | ||
aa689395 | 770 | Make sure your gcc is good for C<-Zomf> linking: run C<omflibs> |
a56dbb1c | 771 | script in F</emx/lib> directory. |
772 | ||
aa689395 | 773 | Check that you have link386 installed. It comes standard with OS/2, |
a56dbb1c | 774 | but may be not installed due to customization. If typing |
775 | ||
776 | link386 | |
777 | ||
778 | shows you do not have it, do I<Selective install>, and choose C<Link | |
72ea3524 | 779 | object modules> in I<Optional system utilities/More>. If you get into |
aa689395 | 780 | link386, press C<Ctrl-C>. |
a56dbb1c | 781 | |
782 | =head2 Getting perl source | |
783 | ||
72ea3524 | 784 | You need to fetch the latest perl source (including developers |
a56dbb1c | 785 | releases). With some probability it is located in |
786 | ||
787 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/5.0 | |
788 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/5.0/unsupported | |
789 | ||
790 | If not, you may need to dig in the indices to find it in the directory | |
791 | of the current maintainer. | |
792 | ||
72ea3524 | 793 | Quick cycle of developers release may break the OS/2 build time to |
a56dbb1c | 794 | time, looking into |
795 | ||
796 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports/os2/ilyaz/ | |
797 | ||
798 | may indicate the latest release which was publicly released by the | |
799 | maintainer. Note that the release may include some additional patches | |
800 | to apply to the current source of perl. | |
801 | ||
802 | Extract it like this | |
803 | ||
804 | tar vzxf perl5.00409.tar.gz | |
805 | ||
806 | You may see a message about errors while extracting F<Configure>. This is | |
807 | because there is a conflict with a similarly-named file F<configure>. | |
808 | ||
a56dbb1c | 809 | Change to the directory of extraction. |
810 | ||
811 | =head2 Application of the patches | |
812 | ||
10fb174d | 813 | You need to apply the patches in F<./os2/diff.*> like this: |
a56dbb1c | 814 | |
df3ef7a9 | 815 | gnupatch -p0 < os2\diff.configure |
a56dbb1c | 816 | |
817 | You may also need to apply the patches supplied with the binary | |
818 | distribution of perl. | |
819 | ||
aa689395 | 820 | Note also that the F<db.lib> and F<db.a> from the EMX distribution |
a56dbb1c | 821 | are not suitable for multi-threaded compile (note that currently perl |
aa689395 | 822 | is not multithread-safe, but is compiled as multithreaded for |
823 | compatibility with XFree86-OS/2). Get a corrected one from | |
a56dbb1c | 824 | |
825 | ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/os2/db_mt.zip | |
826 | ||
2c2e0e8c IZ |
827 | To make C<-p> filetest work, one may also need to apply the following patch |
828 | to EMX headers: | |
829 | ||
830 | --- /emx/include/sys/stat.h.orig Thu May 23 13:48:16 1996 | |
831 | +++ /emx/include/sys/stat.h Sun Jul 12 14:11:32 1998 | |
832 | @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct stat | |
833 | #endif | |
0498d68d | 834 | |
2c2e0e8c IZ |
835 | #if !defined (S_IFMT) |
836 | -#define S_IFMT 0160000 /* Mask for file type */ | |
837 | +#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* Mask for file type */ | |
838 | #define S_IFIFO 0010000 /* Pipe */ | |
839 | #define S_IFCHR 0020000 /* Character device */ | |
840 | #define S_IFDIR 0040000 /* Directory */ | |
841 | ||
842 | ||
a56dbb1c | 843 | =head2 Hand-editing |
844 | ||
845 | You may look into the file F<./hints/os2.sh> and correct anything | |
846 | wrong you find there. I do not expect it is needed anywhere. | |
615d1a09 | 847 | |
a56dbb1c | 848 | =head2 Making |
615d1a09 | 849 | |
a56dbb1c | 850 | sh Configure -des -D prefix=f:/perllib |
615d1a09 | 851 | |
aa689395 | 852 | C<prefix> means: where to install the resulting perl library. Giving |
a56dbb1c | 853 | correct prefix you may avoid the need to specify C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>, |
854 | see L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">. | |
5243f9ae | 855 | |
a56dbb1c | 856 | I<Ignore the message about missing C<ln>, and about C<-c> option to |
aa689395 | 857 | tr>. In fact if you can trace where the latter spurious warning |
a56dbb1c | 858 | comes from, please inform me. |
615d1a09 | 859 | |
a56dbb1c | 860 | Now |
5243f9ae | 861 | |
a56dbb1c | 862 | make |
5243f9ae | 863 | |
a56dbb1c | 864 | At some moment the built may die, reporting a I<version mismatch> or |
865 | I<unable to run F<perl>>. This means that most of the build has been | |
866 | finished, and it is the time to move the constructed F<perl.dll> to | |
aa689395 | 867 | some I<absolute> location in LIBPATH. After this is done the build |
868 | should finish without a lot of fuss. I<One can avoid the interruption | |
869 | if one has the correct prebuilt version of F<perl.dll> on LIBPATH, but | |
870 | probably this is not needed anymore, since F<miniperl.exe> is linked | |
871 | statically now.> | |
615d1a09 | 872 | |
a56dbb1c | 873 | Warnings which are safe to ignore: I<mkfifo() redefined> inside |
874 | F<POSIX.c>. | |
615d1a09 | 875 | |
a56dbb1c | 876 | =head2 Testing |
877 | ||
2c2e0e8c | 878 | If you haven't yet moved perl.dll onto LIBPATH, do it now (alternatively, if |
491527d0 GS |
879 | you have a previous perl installation you'd rather not disrupt until this one |
880 | is installed, copy perl.dll to the t directory). | |
881 | ||
a56dbb1c | 882 | Now run |
883 | ||
884 | make test | |
885 | ||
ec40c0cd IZ |
886 | All tests should succeed (with some of them skipped). Note that on one |
887 | of the systems I see intermittent failures of F<io/pipe.t> subtest 9. | |
888 | Any help to track what happens with this test is appreciated. | |
a56dbb1c | 889 | |
ec40c0cd | 890 | Some tests may generate extra messages similar to |
a56dbb1c | 891 | |
ec40c0cd | 892 | =over 4 |
a56dbb1c | 893 | |
ec40c0cd | 894 | =item A lot of C<bad free> |
a56dbb1c | 895 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
896 | in database tests related to Berkeley DB. This is a confirmed bug of |
897 | DB. You may disable this warnings, see L<"PERL_BADFREE">. | |
a56dbb1c | 898 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
899 | There is not much we can do with it (but apparently it does not cause |
900 | any real error with data). | |
72ea3524 | 901 | |
ec40c0cd | 902 | =item Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT |
72ea3524 | 903 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
904 | This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications. *nix |
905 | applications die in silence. It is considered a feature. One can | |
906 | easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers. | |
a56dbb1c | 907 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
908 | However the test engine bleeds these message to screen in unexpected |
909 | moments. Two messages of this kind I<should> be present during | |
910 | testing. | |
a56dbb1c | 911 | |
ec40c0cd | 912 | =back |
a56dbb1c | 913 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
914 | Two F<lib/io_*> tests may generate popups (system error C<SYS3175>), |
915 | but should succeed anyway. This is due to a bug of EMX related to | |
916 | fork()ing with dynamically loaded libraries. | |
a56dbb1c | 917 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
918 | I submitted a patch to EMX which makes it possible to fork() with EMX |
919 | dynamic libraries loaded, which makes F<lib/io*> tests pass without | |
920 | skipping offended tests. This means that soon the number of skipped tests | |
921 | may decrease yet more. | |
922 | ||
923 | To get finer test reports, call | |
924 | ||
925 | perl t/harness | |
926 | ||
927 | The report with F<io/pipe.t> failing may look like this: | |
a56dbb1c | 928 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
929 | Failed Test Status Wstat Total Fail Failed List of failed |
930 | ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
931 | io/pipe.t 12 1 8.33% 9 | |
932 | 7 tests skipped, plus 56 subtests skipped. | |
933 | Failed 1/195 test scripts, 99.49% okay. 1/6542 subtests failed, 99.98% okay. | |
934 | ||
935 | The reasons for most important skipped tests are: | |
936 | ||
937 | =over 8 | |
a56dbb1c | 938 | |
ec40c0cd | 939 | =item F<op/fs.t> |
a56dbb1c | 940 | |
a7665c5e GS |
941 | =over 4 |
942 | ||
a56dbb1c | 943 | =item 18 |
944 | ||
ec40c0cd IZ |
945 | Checks C<atime> and C<mtime> of C<stat()> - unfortunately, HPFS |
946 | provides only 2sec time granularity (for compatibility with FAT?). | |
a56dbb1c | 947 | |
948 | =item 25 | |
949 | ||
950 | Checks C<truncate()> on a filehandle just opened for write - I do not | |
951 | know why this should or should not work. | |
952 | ||
953 | =back | |
954 | ||
955 | =item F<lib/io_pipe.t> | |
956 | ||
aa689395 | 957 | Checks C<IO::Pipe> module. Some feature of EMX - test fork()s with |
a56dbb1c | 958 | dynamic extension loaded - unsupported now. |
959 | ||
960 | =item F<lib/io_sock.t> | |
961 | ||
aa689395 | 962 | Checks C<IO::Socket> module. Some feature of EMX - test fork()s |
a56dbb1c | 963 | with dynamic extension loaded - unsupported now. |
964 | ||
965 | =item F<op/stat.t> | |
966 | ||
967 | Checks C<stat()>. Tests: | |
968 | ||
969 | =over 4 | |
970 | ||
a56dbb1c | 971 | =item 4 |
972 | ||
ec40c0cd IZ |
973 | Checks C<atime> and C<mtime> of C<stat()> - unfortunately, HPFS |
974 | provides only 2sec time granularity (for compatibility with FAT?). | |
a56dbb1c | 975 | |
976 | =back | |
977 | ||
ec40c0cd | 978 | =item F<lib/io_udp.t> |
a56dbb1c | 979 | |
ec40c0cd IZ |
980 | It never terminates, apparently some bug in storing the last socket from |
981 | which we obtained a message. | |
a56dbb1c | 982 | |
983 | =back | |
615d1a09 | 984 | |
a56dbb1c | 985 | =head2 Installing the built perl |
615d1a09 | 986 | |
491527d0 GS |
987 | If you haven't yet moved perl.dll onto LIBPATH, do it now. |
988 | ||
a56dbb1c | 989 | Run |
615d1a09 | 990 | |
a56dbb1c | 991 | make install |
615d1a09 | 992 | |
a56dbb1c | 993 | It would put the generated files into needed locations. Manually put |
994 | F<perl.exe>, F<perl__.exe> and F<perl___.exe> to a location on your | |
aa689395 | 995 | PATH, F<perl.dll> to a location on your LIBPATH. |
615d1a09 | 996 | |
a56dbb1c | 997 | Run |
615d1a09 | 998 | |
a56dbb1c | 999 | make cmdscripts INSTALLCMDDIR=d:/ir/on/path |
615d1a09 | 1000 | |
a56dbb1c | 1001 | to convert perl utilities to F<.cmd> files and put them on |
aa689395 | 1002 | PATH. You need to put F<.EXE>-utilities on path manually. They are |
a56dbb1c | 1003 | installed in C<$prefix/bin>, here C<$prefix> is what you gave to |
1004 | F<Configure>, see L<Making>. | |
1005 | ||
1006 | =head2 C<a.out>-style build | |
1007 | ||
1008 | Proceed as above, but make F<perl_.exe> (see L<"perl_.exe">) by | |
1009 | ||
1010 | make perl_ | |
1011 | ||
1012 | test and install by | |
1013 | ||
1014 | make aout_test | |
1015 | make aout_install | |
1016 | ||
aa689395 | 1017 | Manually put F<perl_.exe> to a location on your PATH. |
a56dbb1c | 1018 | |
1019 | Since C<perl_> has the extensions prebuilt, it does not suffer from | |
72ea3524 | 1020 | the I<dynamic extensions + fork()> syndrome, thus the failing tests |
a56dbb1c | 1021 | look like |
1022 | ||
1023 | Failed Test Status Wstat Total Fail Failed List of failed | |
1024 | --------------------------------------------------------------- | |
1025 | io/fs.t 26 11 42.31% 2-5, 7-11, 18, 25 | |
1026 | op/stat.t 56 5 8.93% 3-4, 20, 35, 39 | |
1027 | Failed 2/118 test scripts, 98.31% okay. 16/2445 subtests failed, 99.35% okay. | |
1028 | ||
1029 | B<Note.> The build process for C<perl_> I<does not know> about all the | |
1030 | dependencies, so you should make sure that anything is up-to-date, | |
1031 | say, by doing | |
1032 | ||
1033 | make perl.dll | |
1034 | ||
1035 | first. | |
1036 | ||
1037 | =head1 Build FAQ | |
1038 | ||
1039 | =head2 Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh. | |
1040 | ||
1041 | You have a very old pdksh. See L<Prerequisites>. | |
1042 | ||
1043 | =head2 C<'errno'> - unresolved external | |
1044 | ||
1045 | You do not have MT-safe F<db.lib>. See L<Prerequisites>. | |
1046 | ||
2c2e0e8c | 1047 | =head2 Problems with tr or sed |
a56dbb1c | 1048 | |
2c2e0e8c | 1049 | reported with very old version of tr and sed. |
a56dbb1c | 1050 | |
1051 | =head2 Some problem (forget which ;-) | |
1052 | ||
aa689395 | 1053 | You have an older version of F<perl.dll> on your LIBPATH, which |
a56dbb1c | 1054 | broke the build of extensions. |
1055 | ||
1056 | =head2 Library ... not found | |
1057 | ||
1058 | You did not run C<omflibs>. See L<Prerequisites>. | |
1059 | ||
1060 | =head2 Segfault in make | |
1061 | ||
aa689395 | 1062 | You use an old version of GNU make. See L<Prerequisites>. |
a56dbb1c | 1063 | |
884335e8 YST |
1064 | =head2 op/sprintf test failure |
1065 | ||
1066 | This can result from a bug in emx sprintf which was fixed in 0.9d fix 03. | |
1067 | ||
a56dbb1c | 1068 | =head1 Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port |
1069 | ||
1070 | =head2 C<setpriority>, C<getpriority> | |
1071 | ||
1072 | Note that these functions are compatible with *nix, not with the older | |
1073 | ports of '94 - 95. The priorities are absolute, go from 32 to -95, | |
72ea3524 | 1074 | lower is quicker. 0 is the default priority. |
a56dbb1c | 1075 | |
1076 | =head2 C<system()> | |
1077 | ||
1078 | Multi-argument form of C<system()> allows an additional numeric | |
1079 | argument. The meaning of this argument is described in | |
1080 | L<OS2::Process>. | |
1081 | ||
aa689395 | 1082 | =head2 C<extproc> on the first line |
1083 | ||
1084 | If the first chars of a script are C<"extproc ">, this line is treated | |
1085 | as C<#!>-line, thus all the switches on this line are processed (twice | |
1086 | if script was started via cmd.exe). | |
1087 | ||
a56dbb1c | 1088 | =head2 Additional modules: |
615d1a09 | 1089 | |
2c2e0e8c IZ |
1090 | L<OS2::Process>, L<OS2::REXX>, L<OS2::PrfDB>, L<OS2::ExtAttr>. These |
1091 | modules provide access to additional numeric argument for C<system> | |
1092 | and to the list of the running processes, | |
a56dbb1c | 1093 | to DLLs having functions with REXX signature and to REXX runtime, to |
1094 | OS/2 databases in the F<.INI> format, and to Extended Attributes. | |
615d1a09 | 1095 | |
72ea3524 | 1096 | Two additional extensions by Andreas Kaiser, C<OS2::UPM>, and |
a56dbb1c | 1097 | C<OS2::FTP>, are included into my ftp directory, mirrored on CPAN. |
615d1a09 | 1098 | |
a56dbb1c | 1099 | =head2 Prebuilt methods: |
615d1a09 | 1100 | |
a56dbb1c | 1101 | =over 4 |
615d1a09 | 1102 | |
a56dbb1c | 1103 | =item C<File::Copy::syscopy> |
615d1a09 | 1104 | |
d7678ab8 | 1105 | used by C<File::Copy::copy>, see L<File::Copy>. |
615d1a09 | 1106 | |
a56dbb1c | 1107 | =item C<DynaLoader::mod2fname> |
615d1a09 | 1108 | |
72ea3524 | 1109 | used by C<DynaLoader> for DLL name mangling. |
615d1a09 | 1110 | |
a56dbb1c | 1111 | =item C<Cwd::current_drive()> |
615d1a09 | 1112 | |
a56dbb1c | 1113 | Self explanatory. |
615d1a09 | 1114 | |
a56dbb1c | 1115 | =item C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)> |
615d1a09 | 1116 | |
a56dbb1c | 1117 | leaves drive as it is. |
615d1a09 | 1118 | |
a56dbb1c | 1119 | =item C<Cwd::change_drive(name)> |
615d1a09 | 1120 | |
615d1a09 | 1121 | |
a56dbb1c | 1122 | =item C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)> |
615d1a09 | 1123 | |
a56dbb1c | 1124 | means has drive letter and is_rooted. |
615d1a09 | 1125 | |
a56dbb1c | 1126 | =item C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)> |
615d1a09 | 1127 | |
a56dbb1c | 1128 | means has leading C<[/\\]> (maybe after a drive-letter:). |
615d1a09 | 1129 | |
a56dbb1c | 1130 | =item C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)> |
615d1a09 | 1131 | |
a56dbb1c | 1132 | means changes with current dir. |
615d1a09 | 1133 | |
a56dbb1c | 1134 | =item C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)> |
615d1a09 | 1135 | |
aa689395 | 1136 | Interface to cwd from EMX. Used by C<Cwd::cwd>. |
615d1a09 | 1137 | |
a56dbb1c | 1138 | =item C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)> |
615d1a09 | 1139 | |
a56dbb1c | 1140 | Really really odious function to implement. Returns absolute name of |
1141 | file which would have C<name> if CWD were C<dir>. C<Dir> defaults to the | |
1142 | current dir. | |
615d1a09 | 1143 | |
6d0f518e | 1144 | =item C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])> |
615d1a09 | 1145 | |
a56dbb1c | 1146 | Get current value of extended library search path. If C<type> is |
1147 | present and I<true>, works with END_LIBPATH, otherwise with | |
1148 | C<BEGIN_LIBPATH>. | |
615d1a09 | 1149 | |
a56dbb1c | 1150 | =item C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )> |
615d1a09 | 1151 | |
a56dbb1c | 1152 | Set current value of extended library search path. If C<type> is |
1153 | present and I<true>, works with END_LIBPATH, otherwise with | |
1154 | C<BEGIN_LIBPATH>. | |
615d1a09 | 1155 | |
a56dbb1c | 1156 | =back |
615d1a09 | 1157 | |
a56dbb1c | 1158 | (Note that some of these may be moved to different libraries - |
1159 | eventually). | |
615d1a09 | 1160 | |
615d1a09 | 1161 | |
a56dbb1c | 1162 | =head2 Misfeatures |
615d1a09 | 1163 | |
a56dbb1c | 1164 | =over 4 |
615d1a09 | 1165 | |
a56dbb1c | 1166 | =item |
615d1a09 | 1167 | |
367f3c24 IZ |
1168 | Since L<flock(3)> is present in EMX, but is not functional, it is |
1169 | emulated by perl. To disable the emulations, set environment variable | |
1170 | C<USE_PERL_FLOCK=0>. | |
1171 | ||
1172 | =item | |
1173 | ||
1174 | Here is the list of things which may be "broken" on | |
55497cff | 1175 | EMX (from EMX docs): |
1176 | ||
d7678ab8 CS |
1177 | =over |
1178 | ||
1179 | =item * | |
1180 | ||
1181 | The functions L<recvmsg(3)>, L<sendmsg(3)>, and L<socketpair(3)> are not | |
1182 | implemented. | |
1183 | ||
1184 | =item * | |
1185 | ||
1186 | L<sock_init(3)> is not required and not implemented. | |
1187 | ||
1188 | =item * | |
1189 | ||
367f3c24 | 1190 | L<flock(3)> is not yet implemented (dummy function). (Perl has a workaround.) |
d7678ab8 CS |
1191 | |
1192 | =item * | |
1193 | ||
1194 | L<kill(3)>: Special treatment of PID=0, PID=1 and PID=-1 is not implemented. | |
1195 | ||
1196 | =item * | |
1197 | ||
1198 | L<waitpid(3)>: | |
1199 | ||
55497cff | 1200 | WUNTRACED |
1201 | Not implemented. | |
1202 | waitpid() is not implemented for negative values of PID. | |
1203 | ||
d7678ab8 CS |
1204 | =back |
1205 | ||
55497cff | 1206 | Note that C<kill -9> does not work with the current version of EMX. |
615d1a09 | 1207 | |
a56dbb1c | 1208 | =item |
615d1a09 | 1209 | |
72ea3524 | 1210 | Since F<sh.exe> is used for globing (see L<perlfunc/glob>), the bugs |
a56dbb1c | 1211 | of F<sh.exe> plague perl as well. |
615d1a09 | 1212 | |
a56dbb1c | 1213 | In particular, uppercase letters do not work in C<[...]>-patterns with |
aa689395 | 1214 | the current pdksh. |
615d1a09 | 1215 | |
a56dbb1c | 1216 | =back |
615d1a09 | 1217 | |
55497cff | 1218 | =head2 Modifications |
1219 | ||
1220 | Perl modifies some standard C library calls in the following ways: | |
1221 | ||
1222 | =over 9 | |
1223 | ||
1224 | =item C<popen> | |
1225 | ||
72ea3524 | 1226 | C<my_popen> uses F<sh.exe> if shell is required, cf. L<"PERL_SH_DIR">. |
55497cff | 1227 | |
1228 | =item C<tmpnam> | |
1229 | ||
1230 | is created using C<TMP> or C<TEMP> environment variable, via | |
1231 | C<tempnam>. | |
1232 | ||
1233 | =item C<tmpfile> | |
1234 | ||
72ea3524 | 1235 | If the current directory is not writable, file is created using modified |
55497cff | 1236 | C<tmpnam>, so there may be a race condition. |
1237 | ||
1238 | =item C<ctermid> | |
1239 | ||
1240 | a dummy implementation. | |
1241 | ||
1242 | =item C<stat> | |
1243 | ||
1244 | C<os2_stat> special-cases F</dev/tty> and F</dev/con>. | |
1245 | ||
367f3c24 IZ |
1246 | =item C<flock> |
1247 | ||
1248 | Since L<flock(3)> is present in EMX, but is not functional, it is | |
1249 | emulated by perl. To disable the emulations, set environment variable | |
1250 | C<USE_PERL_FLOCK=0>. | |
1251 | ||
55497cff | 1252 | =back |
1253 | ||
a56dbb1c | 1254 | =head1 Perl flavors |
615d1a09 | 1255 | |
72ea3524 | 1256 | Because of idiosyncrasies of OS/2 one cannot have all the eggs in the |
aa689395 | 1257 | same basket (though EMX environment tries hard to overcome this |
a56dbb1c | 1258 | limitations, so the situation may somehow improve). There are 4 |
1259 | executables for Perl provided by the distribution: | |
615d1a09 | 1260 | |
a56dbb1c | 1261 | =head2 F<perl.exe> |
615d1a09 | 1262 | |
a56dbb1c | 1263 | The main workhorse. This is a chimera executable: it is compiled as an |
1264 | C<a.out>-style executable, but is linked with C<omf>-style dynamic | |
aa689395 | 1265 | library F<perl.dll>, and with dynamic CRT DLL. This executable is a |
1266 | VIO application. | |
a56dbb1c | 1267 | |
1268 | It can load perl dynamic extensions, and it can fork(). Unfortunately, | |
aa689395 | 1269 | with the current version of EMX it cannot fork() with dynamic |
1270 | extensions loaded (may be fixed by patches to EMX). | |
a56dbb1c | 1271 | |
1272 | B<Note.> Keep in mind that fork() is needed to open a pipe to yourself. | |
1273 | ||
1274 | =head2 F<perl_.exe> | |
1275 | ||
1276 | This is a statically linked C<a.out>-style executable. It can fork(), | |
1277 | but cannot load dynamic Perl extensions. The supplied executable has a | |
1278 | lot of extensions prebuilt, thus there are situations when it can | |
1279 | perform tasks not possible using F<perl.exe>, like fork()ing when | |
aa689395 | 1280 | having some standard extension loaded. This executable is a VIO |
a56dbb1c | 1281 | application. |
1282 | ||
1283 | B<Note.> A better behaviour could be obtained from C<perl.exe> if it | |
1284 | were statically linked with standard I<Perl extensions>, but | |
aa689395 | 1285 | dynamically linked with the I<Perl DLL> and CRT DLL. Then it would |
a56dbb1c | 1286 | be able to fork() with standard extensions, I<and> would be able to |
1287 | dynamically load arbitrary extensions. Some changes to Makefiles and | |
1288 | hint files should be necessary to achieve this. | |
1289 | ||
1290 | I<This is also the only executable with does not require OS/2.> The | |
1291 | friends locked into C<M$> world would appreciate the fact that this | |
72ea3524 | 1292 | executable runs under DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT with an |
a56dbb1c | 1293 | appropriate extender. See L<"Other OSes">. |
1294 | ||
1295 | =head2 F<perl__.exe> | |
1296 | ||
aa689395 | 1297 | This is the same executable as F<perl___.exe>, but it is a PM |
a56dbb1c | 1298 | application. |
1299 | ||
aa689395 | 1300 | B<Note.> Usually STDIN, STDERR, and STDOUT of a PM |
a56dbb1c | 1301 | application are redirected to C<nul>. However, it is possible to see |
1302 | them if you start C<perl__.exe> from a PM program which emulates a | |
aa689395 | 1303 | console window, like I<Shell mode> of Emacs or EPM. Thus it I<is |
a56dbb1c | 1304 | possible> to use Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>) to debug your PM |
1305 | application. | |
1306 | ||
aa689395 | 1307 | This flavor is required if you load extensions which use PM, like |
a56dbb1c | 1308 | the forthcoming C<Perl/Tk>. |
1309 | ||
1310 | =head2 F<perl___.exe> | |
1311 | ||
1312 | This is an C<omf>-style executable which is dynamically linked to | |
aa689395 | 1313 | F<perl.dll> and CRT DLL. I know no advantages of this executable |
a56dbb1c | 1314 | over C<perl.exe>, but it cannot fork() at all. Well, one advantage is |
1315 | that the build process is not so convoluted as with C<perl.exe>. | |
1316 | ||
aa689395 | 1317 | It is a VIO application. |
a56dbb1c | 1318 | |
1319 | =head2 Why strange names? | |
1320 | ||
1321 | Since Perl processes the C<#!>-line (cf. | |
1322 | L<perlrun/DESCRIPTION>, L<perlrun/Switches>, | |
1323 | L<perldiag/"Not a perl script">, | |
1324 | L<perldiag/"No Perl script found in input">), it should know when a | |
1325 | program I<is a Perl>. There is some naming convention which allows | |
1326 | Perl to distinguish correct lines from wrong ones. The above names are | |
72ea3524 | 1327 | almost the only names allowed by this convention which do not contain |
a56dbb1c | 1328 | digits (which have absolutely different semantics). |
1329 | ||
1330 | =head2 Why dynamic linking? | |
1331 | ||
1332 | Well, having several executables dynamically linked to the same huge | |
1333 | library has its advantages, but this would not substantiate the | |
1334 | additional work to make it compile. The reason is stupid-but-quick | |
1335 | "hard" dynamic linking used by OS/2. | |
1336 | ||
72ea3524 IZ |
1337 | The address tables of DLLs are patched only once, when they are |
1338 | loaded. The addresses of entry points into DLLs are guaranteed to be | |
a56dbb1c | 1339 | the same for all programs which use the same DLL, which reduces the |
1340 | amount of runtime patching - once DLL is loaded, its code is | |
1341 | read-only. | |
1342 | ||
1343 | While this allows some performance advantages, this makes life | |
72ea3524 | 1344 | terrible for developers, since the above scheme makes it impossible |
a56dbb1c | 1345 | for a DLL to be resolved to a symbol in the .EXE file, since this |
1346 | would need a DLL to have different relocations tables for the | |
1347 | executables which use it. | |
1348 | ||
1349 | However, a Perl extension is forced to use some symbols from the perl | |
1350 | executable, say to know how to find the arguments provided on the perl | |
1351 | internal evaluation stack. The solution is that the main code of | |
1352 | interpreter should be contained in a DLL, and the F<.EXE> file just loads | |
1353 | this DLL into memory and supplies command-arguments. | |
1354 | ||
72ea3524 | 1355 | This I<greatly> increases the load time for the application (as well as |
a56dbb1c | 1356 | the number of problems during compilation). Since interpreter is in a DLL, |
aa689395 | 1357 | the CRT is basically forced to reside in a DLL as well (otherwise |
1358 | extensions would not be able to use CRT). | |
a56dbb1c | 1359 | |
1360 | =head2 Why chimera build? | |
1361 | ||
aa689395 | 1362 | Current EMX environment does not allow DLLs compiled using Unixish |
a56dbb1c | 1363 | C<a.out> format to export symbols for data. This forces C<omf>-style |
1364 | compile of F<perl.dll>. | |
1365 | ||
aa689395 | 1366 | Current EMX environment does not allow F<.EXE> files compiled in |
a56dbb1c | 1367 | C<omf> format to fork(). fork() is needed for exactly three Perl |
1368 | operations: | |
1369 | ||
1370 | =over 4 | |
1371 | ||
1372 | =item explicit fork() | |
1373 | ||
1374 | in the script, and | |
1375 | ||
1376 | =item open FH, "|-" | |
1377 | ||
1378 | =item open FH, "-|" | |
1379 | ||
1380 | opening pipes to itself. | |
1381 | ||
1382 | =back | |
1383 | ||
1384 | While these operations are not questions of life and death, a lot of | |
1385 | useful scripts use them. This forces C<a.out>-style compile of | |
1386 | F<perl.exe>. | |
1387 | ||
1388 | ||
1389 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT | |
1390 | ||
aa689395 | 1391 | Here we list environment variables with are either OS/2- and DOS- and |
1392 | Win*-specific, or are more important under OS/2 than under other OSes. | |
a56dbb1c | 1393 | |
1394 | =head2 C<PERLLIB_PREFIX> | |
1395 | ||
aa689395 | 1396 | Specific for EMX port. Should have the form |
a56dbb1c | 1397 | |
1398 | path1;path2 | |
1399 | ||
1400 | or | |
1401 | ||
1402 | path1 path2 | |
1403 | ||
1404 | If the beginning of some prebuilt path matches F<path1>, it is | |
1405 | substituted with F<path2>. | |
1406 | ||
1407 | Should be used if the perl library is moved from the default | |
1408 | location in preference to C<PERL(5)LIB>, since this would not leave wrong | |
eb447b86 IZ |
1409 | entries in @INC. Say, if the compiled version of perl looks for @INC |
1410 | in F<f:/perllib/lib>, and you want to install the library in | |
1411 | F<h:/opt/gnu>, do | |
1412 | ||
1413 | set PERLLIB_PREFIX=f:/perllib/lib;h:/opt/gnu | |
a56dbb1c | 1414 | |
1415 | =head2 C<PERL_BADLANG> | |
1416 | ||
1417 | If 1, perl ignores setlocale() failing. May be useful with some | |
1418 | strange I<locale>s. | |
1419 | ||
1420 | =head2 C<PERL_BADFREE> | |
1421 | ||
1422 | If 1, perl would not warn of in case of unwarranted free(). May be | |
1423 | useful in conjunction with the module DB_File, since Berkeley DB | |
1424 | memory handling code is buggy. | |
1425 | ||
1426 | =head2 C<PERL_SH_DIR> | |
1427 | ||
aa689395 | 1428 | Specific for EMX port. Gives the directory part of the location for |
a56dbb1c | 1429 | F<sh.exe>. |
1430 | ||
367f3c24 IZ |
1431 | =head2 C<USE_PERL_FLOCK> |
1432 | ||
1433 | Specific for EMX port. Since L<flock(3)> is present in EMX, but is not | |
1434 | functional, it is emulated by perl. To disable the emulations, set | |
1435 | environment variable C<USE_PERL_FLOCK=0>. | |
1436 | ||
a56dbb1c | 1437 | =head2 C<TMP> or C<TEMP> |
1438 | ||
aa689395 | 1439 | Specific for EMX port. Used as storage place for temporary files, most |
a56dbb1c | 1440 | notably C<-e> scripts. |
1441 | ||
1442 | =head1 Evolution | |
1443 | ||
1444 | Here we list major changes which could make you by surprise. | |
1445 | ||
1446 | =head2 Priorities | |
1447 | ||
1448 | C<setpriority> and C<getpriority> are not compatible with earlier | |
1449 | ports by Andreas Kaiser. See C<"setpriority, getpriority">. | |
1450 | ||
72ea3524 | 1451 | =head2 DLL name mangling |
a56dbb1c | 1452 | |
1453 | With the release 5.003_01 the dynamically loadable libraries | |
1454 | should be rebuilt. In particular, DLLs are now created with the names | |
1455 | which contain a checksum, thus allowing workaround for OS/2 scheme of | |
1456 | caching DLLs. | |
1457 | ||
1458 | =head2 Threading | |
1459 | ||
aa689395 | 1460 | As of release 5.003_01 perl is linked to multithreaded CRT |
2c2e0e8c | 1461 | DLL. If perl itself is not compiled multithread-enabled, so will not be perl |
a56dbb1c | 1462 | malloc(). However, extensions may use multiple thread on their own |
1463 | risk. | |
1464 | ||
aa689395 | 1465 | Needed to compile C<Perl/Tk> for XFree86-OS/2 out-of-the-box. |
a56dbb1c | 1466 | |
1467 | =head2 Calls to external programs | |
1468 | ||
1469 | Due to a popular demand the perl external program calling has been | |
72ea3524 | 1470 | changed wrt Andreas Kaiser's port. I<If> perl needs to call an |
a56dbb1c | 1471 | external program I<via shell>, the F<f:/bin/sh.exe> will be called, or |
1472 | whatever is the override, see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">. | |
1473 | ||
1474 | Thus means that you need to get some copy of a F<sh.exe> as well (I | |
2c2e0e8c | 1475 | use one from pdksh). The drive F<F:> above is set up automatically during |
a56dbb1c | 1476 | the build to a correct value on the builder machine, but is |
1477 | overridable at runtime, | |
1478 | ||
1479 | B<Reasons:> a consensus on C<perl5-porters> was that perl should use | |
1480 | one non-overridable shell per platform. The obvious choices for OS/2 | |
1481 | are F<cmd.exe> and F<sh.exe>. Having perl build itself would be impossible | |
1482 | with F<cmd.exe> as a shell, thus I picked up C<sh.exe>. Thus assures almost | |
aa689395 | 1483 | 100% compatibility with the scripts coming from *nix. As an added benefit |
1484 | this works as well under DOS if you use DOS-enabled port of pdksh | |
1485 | (see L<"Prerequisites">). | |
a56dbb1c | 1486 | |
aa689395 | 1487 | B<Disadvantages:> currently F<sh.exe> of pdksh calls external programs |
a56dbb1c | 1488 | via fork()/exec(), and there is I<no> functioning exec() on |
4375e838 | 1489 | OS/2. exec() is emulated by EMX by asynchronous call while the caller |
72ea3524 | 1490 | waits for child completion (to pretend that the C<pid> did not change). This |
a56dbb1c | 1491 | means that 1 I<extra> copy of F<sh.exe> is made active via fork()/exec(), |
1492 | which may lead to some resources taken from the system (even if we do | |
1493 | not count extra work needed for fork()ing). | |
1494 | ||
72ea3524 IZ |
1495 | Note that this a lesser issue now when we do not spawn F<sh.exe> |
1496 | unless needed (metachars found). | |
1497 | ||
1498 | One can always start F<cmd.exe> explicitly via | |
a56dbb1c | 1499 | |
1500 | system 'cmd', '/c', 'mycmd', 'arg1', 'arg2', ... | |
1501 | ||
72ea3524 | 1502 | If you need to use F<cmd.exe>, and do not want to hand-edit thousands of your |
a56dbb1c | 1503 | scripts, the long-term solution proposed on p5-p is to have a directive |
1504 | ||
1505 | use OS2::Cmd; | |
1506 | ||
1507 | which will override system(), exec(), C<``>, and | |
1508 | C<open(,'...|')>. With current perl you may override only system(), | |
1509 | readpipe() - the explicit version of C<``>, and maybe exec(). The code | |
1510 | will substitute the one-argument call to system() by | |
1511 | C<CORE::system('cmd.exe', '/c', shift)>. | |
1512 | ||
1513 | If you have some working code for C<OS2::Cmd>, please send it to me, | |
1514 | I will include it into distribution. I have no need for such a module, so | |
1515 | cannot test it. | |
1516 | ||
2c2e0e8c IZ |
1517 | For the details of the current situation with calling external programs, |
1518 | see L<Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl>. | |
1519 | ||
1520 | =over | |
1521 | ||
1522 | =item | |
1523 | ||
1524 | External scripts may be called by name. Perl will try the same extensions | |
1525 | as when processing B<-S> command-line switch. | |
1526 | ||
1527 | =back | |
1528 | ||
df3ef7a9 IZ |
1529 | =head2 Memory allocation |
1530 | ||
1531 | Perl uses its own malloc() under OS/2 - interpreters are usually malloc-bound | |
ec40c0cd | 1532 | for speed, but perl is not, since its malloc is lightning-fast. |
4375e838 GS |
1533 | Perl-memory-usage-tuned benchmarks show that Perl's malloc is 5 times quicker |
1534 | than EMX one. I do not have convincing data about memory footprint, but | |
ec40c0cd | 1535 | a (pretty random) benchmark showed that Perl one is 5% better. |
df3ef7a9 IZ |
1536 | |
1537 | Combination of perl's malloc() and rigid DLL name resolution creates | |
1538 | a special problem with library functions which expect their return value to | |
1539 | be free()d by system's free(). To facilitate extensions which need to call | |
1540 | such functions, system memory-allocation functions are still available with | |
1541 | the prefix C<emx_> added. (Currently only DLL perl has this, it should | |
1542 | propagate to F<perl_.exe> shortly.) | |
1543 | ||
ec40c0cd IZ |
1544 | =head2 Threads |
1545 | ||
1546 | One can build perl with thread support enabled by providing C<-D usethreads> | |
1547 | option to F<Configure>. Currently OS/2 support of threads is very | |
1548 | preliminary. | |
1549 | ||
1550 | Most notable problems: | |
1551 | ||
1552 | =over | |
1553 | ||
1554 | =item C<COND_WAIT> | |
1555 | ||
1556 | may have a race condition. Needs a reimplementation (in terms of chaining | |
1557 | waiting threads, with linker list stored in per-thread structure?). | |
1558 | ||
1559 | =item F<os2.c> | |
1560 | ||
1561 | has a couple of static variables used in OS/2-specific functions. (Need to be | |
1562 | moved to per-thread structure, or serialized?) | |
1563 | ||
1564 | =back | |
1565 | ||
1566 | Note that these problems should not discourage experimenting, since they | |
1567 | have a low probability of affecting small programs. | |
1568 | ||
a56dbb1c | 1569 | =cut |
1570 | ||
1571 | OS/2 extensions | |
1572 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
72ea3524 | 1573 | I include 3 extensions by Andreas Kaiser, OS2::REXX, OS2::UPM, and OS2::FTP, |
a56dbb1c | 1574 | into my ftp directory, mirrored on CPAN. I made |
1575 | some minor changes needed to compile them by standard tools. I cannot | |
1576 | test UPM and FTP, so I will appreciate your feedback. Other extensions | |
1577 | there are OS2::ExtAttr, OS2::PrfDB for tied access to EAs and .INI | |
1578 | files - and maybe some other extensions at the time you read it. | |
1579 | ||
1580 | Note that OS2 perl defines 2 pseudo-extension functions | |
aa689395 | 1581 | OS2::Copy::copy and DynaLoader::mod2fname (many more now, see |
1582 | L<Prebuilt methods>). | |
a56dbb1c | 1583 | |
1584 | The -R switch of older perl is deprecated. If you need to call a REXX code | |
1585 | which needs access to variables, include the call into a REXX compartment | |
1586 | created by | |
1587 | REXX_call {...block...}; | |
1588 | ||
1589 | Two new functions are supported by REXX code, | |
1590 | REXX_eval 'string'; | |
1591 | REXX_eval_with 'string', REXX_function_name => \&perl_sub_reference; | |
1592 | ||
1593 | If you have some other extensions you want to share, send the code to | |
1594 | me. At least two are available: tied access to EA's, and tied access | |
1595 | to system databases. | |
615d1a09 | 1596 | |
a56dbb1c | 1597 | =head1 AUTHOR |
615d1a09 | 1598 | |
a56dbb1c | 1599 | Ilya Zakharevich, ilya@math.ohio-state.edu |
615d1a09 | 1600 | |
a56dbb1c | 1601 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
615d1a09 | 1602 | |
a56dbb1c | 1603 | perl(1). |
615d1a09 | 1604 | |
a56dbb1c | 1605 | =cut |
615d1a09 | 1606 |