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=head1 NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

=head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION

=head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=over 4

=item Overview

=item Tutorials

=item Reference Manual

=item Internals and C Language Interface

=item Miscellaneous

=item Platform-Specific

=back

=item DESCRIPTION

=item AVAILABILITY

=item ENVIRONMENT

=item AUTHOR

=item FILES

=item SEE ALSO

=item DIAGNOSTICS

=item BUGS

=item NOTES

=back

=head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What is Perl?

=item Running Perl programs

=item Basic syntax overview

=item Perl variable types

Scalars, Arrays, Hashes

=item Variable scoping

=item Conditional and looping constructs

if, while, for, foreach

=item Builtin operators and functions

Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
Miscellaneous

=item Files and I/O

=item Regular expressions

Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features

=item Writing subroutines

=item OO Perl

=item Using Perl modules

=back

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
17:09:37 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.

=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl

=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl

=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools

=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation

=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats

=item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps

=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues

=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction

=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking

=back

=item About the perlfaq documents

=over 4

=item Where to get the perlfaq

=item How to contribute to the perlfaq

=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
authors

=back

=item Credits

=item Author and Copyright Information

=over 4

=item Bundled Distributions

=item Disclaimer

=back

=item Changes

1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
Initial Release: 11/March/97

=back

=head2 perlbook - Perl book information

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=back

=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Declarations

=item Simple statements

=item Compound statements

=item Loop Control

=item For Loops

=item Foreach Loops

=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements

=item Goto

=item PODs: Embedded Documentation

=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)

=back

=back

=head2 perldata - Perl data types

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Variable names

=item Context

=item Scalar values

=item Scalar value constructors

=item List value constructors

=item Slices

=item Typeglobs and Filehandles

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

=item The Arrow Operator

=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

=item Exponentiation

=item Symbolic Unary Operators

=item Binding Operators

=item Multiplicative Operators

=item Additive Operators

=item Shift Operators

=item Named Unary Operators

=item Relational Operators

=item Equality Operators

=item Bitwise And

=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

=item C-style Logical And

=item C-style Logical Or

=item Range Operators

=item Conditional Operator

=item Assignment Operators

=item Comma Operator

=item List Operators (Rightward)

=item Logical Not

=item Logical And

=item Logical or and Exclusive Or

=item C Operators Missing From Perl

unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

=item Quote and Quote-like Operators

=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators

?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF

=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs

Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
regular expressions

=item I/O Operators

=item Constant Folding

=item Bitwise String Operators

=item Integer Arithmetic

=item Floating-point Arithmetic

=item Bigger Numbers

=back

=back

=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Private Variables via my()

=item Persistent Private Variables

=item Temporary Values via local()

=item Lvalue subroutines

=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

=item When to Still Use local()

=item Pass by Reference

=item Prototypes

=item Constant Functions

=item Overriding Built-in Functions

=item Autoloading

=item Subroutine Attributes

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Perl Functions by Category

Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
in perl5

=item Portability

=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
/PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

=back

=back

=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

=item The Solution

=item Syntax

=over 4

=item Making References

=item Using References

=back

=item An Example

=item Arrow Rule

=item Solution

=item The Rest

=item Summary

=item Credits

=over 4

=item Distribution Conditions

=back

=back

=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs

=item REFERENCES

=item COMMON MISTAKES

=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>

=item DEBUGGING

=item CODE EXAMPLES

=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

=over 4

=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

=back

=item HASHES OF ARRAYS

=over 4

=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS

=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS

=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

=back

=item ARRAYS OF HASHES

=over 4

=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES

=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES

=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

=back

=item HASHES OF HASHES

=over 4

=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

=back

=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

=over 4

=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

=back

=item Database Ties

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Guide

=over 4

=item Simple word matching

=item Using character classes

=item Matching this or that

=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching

=item Extracting matches

=item Matching repetitions

=item More matching

=item Search and replace

=item The split operator

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=over 4

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=back

=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Ordinary Paragraph

=item Verbatim Paragraph

=item Command Paragraph

C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>

=item Formatting Codes

C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
(zero-effect) formatting code

=item The Intent

=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

=item Hints for Writing Pod

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
notes

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Pod Definitions

=item Pod Commands

"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."

=item Pod Formatting Codes

C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
contains non-breaking spaces

=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors

=item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes

First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:

=item About =over...=back Regions

=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=back

=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Awk Traps

=item C Traps

=item Sed Traps

=item Shell Traps

=item Perl Traps

=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance

=item Parsing Traps

Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

=item Numerical Traps

Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops

=item General data type traps

(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)

=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts

(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)

=item Precedence Traps

Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
Precedence

=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.

Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
Regular Expression

=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps

(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle

=item OS Traps

(SysV), (SysV)

=item Interpolation Traps

Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

=item DBM Traps

DBM, DBM

=item Unclassified Traps

C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
LIMIT specified

=back

=back

=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems

OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

=item Location of Perl

=item Command Switches

B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>

=back

=item ENVIRONMENT

HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
the VMS port)

=back

=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=back

=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings

=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>

=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line

B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>

=item Backward Compatibility

=item Category Hierarchy

=item Fatal Warnings

=item Reporting Warnings from a Module

=back

=item TODO

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item use strict

=item Looking at data and -w and w

=item help

=item Stepping through code

=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T

=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

=item OUTPUT TIPS

=item CGI

=item GUIs

=item SUMMARY

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=item CONTRIBUTORS

=back

=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Perl Debugger

=over 4

=item Debugger Commands

h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
[expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
[manpage]

=item Configurable Options

C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>

=item Debugger input/output

Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
listing

=item Debugging compile-time statements

=item Debugger Customization

=item Readline Support

=item Editor Support for Debugging

=item The Perl Profiler

=back

=item Debugging regular expressions

=item Debugging memory usage

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=back

=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Predefined Names

$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
@-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
$+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
$ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}

=item Error Indicators

=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

=back

=item BUGS

=back

=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays

=item Growing Your Own

=item Access and Printing

=item Slices

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Open E<agrave> la shell

=over 4

=item Simple Opens

=item Pipe Opens

=item The Minus File

=item Mixing Reads and Writes

=item Filters 

=back

=item Open E<agrave> la C

=over 4

=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode

=back

=item Obscure Open Tricks

=over 4

=item Re-Opening Files (dups)

=item Dispelling the Dweomer

=item Paths as Opens

=item Single Argument Open

=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

=back

=item Other I/O Issues

=over 4

=item Opening Non-File Files

=item Binary Files

=item File Locking

=back

=item SEE ALSO 

=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

=item HISTORY

=back

=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item The Basic Principle

=item Packing Text

=item Packing Numbers

=over 4

=item Integers

=item Unpacking a Stack Frame

=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net

=item Floating point Numbers

=back

=item Exotic Templates

=over 4

=item Bit Strings

=item Uuencoding

=item Doing Sums

=item  Unicode

=item Another Portable Binary Encoding

=back

=item Lengths and Widths

=over 4

=item String Lengths

=item Dynamic Templates

=back

=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures

=over 4

=item The Alignment Pit

=item Alignment, Take 2

=item Alignment, Take 3

=item Pointers for How to Use Them

=back

=item Pack Recipes

=item Funnies Section

=item Authors

=back

=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Part 1: The basics

=over 4

=item Simple word matching

=item Using character classes

=item Matching this or that

=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching

=item Extracting matches

=item Matching repetitions

=item Building a regexp

=item Using regular expressions in Perl

=back

=item Part 2: Power tools

=over 4

=item More on characters, strings, and character classes

=item Compiling and saving regular expressions

=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression

=item Non-capturing groupings

=item Looking ahead and looking behind

=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking

=item Conditional expressions

=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression

=item Pragmas and debugging

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=over 4

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=back

=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

i, m, s, x

=over 4

=item Regular Expressions

[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit

=item Extended Patterns

C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>

=item Backtracking

=item Version 8 Regular Expressions

=item Warning on \1 vs $1

=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

=item Combining pieces together

C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>

=item Creating custom RE engines

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

=over 4

=item NOTE

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Making References

=item Using References

=item Symbolic references

=item Not-so-symbolic references

=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

=item Function Templates

=back

=item WARNING

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlform - Perl formats

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Format Variables

=back

=item NOTES

=over 4

=item Footers

=item Accessing Formatting Internals

=back

=item WARNINGS

=back

=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item If we could talk to the animals...

=item Introducing the method invocation arrow

=item Invoking a barnyard

=item The extra parameter of method invocation

=item Calling a second method to simplify things

=item Inheriting the windpipes

=item A few notes about @ISA

=item Overriding the methods

=item Starting the search from a different place

=item The SUPER way of doing things

=item Where we're at so far...

=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?

=item Invoking an instance method

=item Accessing the instance data

=item How to build a horse

=item Inheriting the constructor

=item Making a method work with either classes or instances

=item Adding parameters to a method

=item More interesting instances

=item A horse of a different color

=item Summary

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Creating a Class

=over 4

=item Object Representation

=item Class Interface

=item Constructors and Instance Methods

=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

=item Destructors

=item Other Object Methods

=back

=item Class Data

=over 4

=item Accessing Class Data

=item Debugging Methods

=item Class Destructors

=item Documenting the Interface

=back

=item Aggregation

=item Inheritance

=over 4

=item Overridden Methods

=item Multiple Inheritance

=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

=back

=item Alternate Object Representations

=over 4

=item Arrays as Objects

=item Closures as Objects

=back

=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

=over 4

=item Autoloaded Data Methods

=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

=back

=item Metaclassical Tools

=over 4

=item Class::Struct

=item Data Members as Variables

=back

=item NOTES

=over 4

=item Object Terminology

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=item COPYRIGHT

=over 4

=item Acknowledgments

=back

=back

=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Class Data in a Can

=item Class Data as Package Variables

=over 4

=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket

=item Inheritance Concerns

=item The Eponymous Meta-Object

=item Indirect References to Class Data

=item Monadic Classes

=item Translucent Attributes

=back

=item Class Data as Lexical Variables

=over 4

=item Privacy and Responsibility 

=item File-Scoped Lexicals

=item More Inheritance Concerns

=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key

=item Translucency Revisited

=back

=item NOTES

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

=item HISTORY

=back

=head2 perlobj - Perl objects

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item An Object is Simply a Reference

=item A Class is Simply a Package

=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine

=item Method Invocation

=item Indirect Object Syntax

=item Default UNIVERSAL methods

isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

=item Destructors

=item Summary

=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item OO SCALING TIPS

=item INSTANCE VARIABLES

=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE

=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

=item DELEGATION

=back

=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Tying Scalars

TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this

=item Tying Arrays

TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
this

=item Tying Hashes

USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

=item Tying FileHandles

TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this

=item UNTIE this

=item The C<untie> Gotcha

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Signals

=item Named Pipes

=over 4

=item WARNING

=back

=item Using open() for IPC

=over 4

=item Filehandles

=item Background Processes

=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

=item Safe Pipe Opens

=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

=back

=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication

=over 4

=item Internet Line Terminators

=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers

=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

=back

=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket

=over 4

=item A Simple Client

C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>

=item A Webget Client

=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket

=back

=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

=item UDP: Message Passing

=item SysV IPC

=item NOTES

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes

$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets

=item Resource limits

=item Killing the parent process

=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS

BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
application, Thread-safety of extensions

=back

=item BUGS

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

=over 4

=item SYNOPSIS

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Storing numbers

=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions

=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations

Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
string

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=back

=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item What Is A Thread Anyway?

=item Threaded Program Models

=over 4

=item Boss/Worker

=item Work Crew

=item Pipeline

=back

=item Native threads

=item What kind of threads are perl threads?

=item Threadsafe Modules

=item Thread Basics

=over 4

=item Basic Thread Support

=item Creating Threads

=item Giving up control

=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit

=item Errors In Threads

=item Ignoring A Thread

=back

=item Threads And Data

=over 4

=item Shared And Unshared Data

=item Thread Pitfall: Races

=item Controlling access: lock()

=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

=item Queues: Passing Data Around

=back

=item Threads And Code

=over 4

=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access

Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores

=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines

=item Subroutine Locks

=item Methods

=item Locking A Subroutine

=back

=item General Thread Utility Routines

=over 4

=item What Thread Am I In?

=item Thread IDs

=item Are These Threads The Same?

=item What Threads Are Running?

=back

=item A Complete Example

=item Conclusion

=item Bibliography

=over 4

=item Introductory Texts

=item OS-Related References

=item Other References

=back

=item Acknowledgements

=item AUTHOR

=item Copyrights

=back

=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
portable

=item ISSUES

=over 4

=item Newlines

=item Numbers endianness and Width

=item Files and Filesystems

=item System Interaction

=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)

=item External Subroutines (XS)

=item Standard Modules

=item Time and Date

=item Character sets and character encoding

=item Internationalisation

=item System Resources

=item Security

=item Style

=back

=item CPAN Testers

Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
http://testers.cpan.org/

=item PLATFORMS

=over 4

=item Unix

=item DOS and Derivatives

=item S<Mac OS>

=item VMS

=item VOS

=item EBCDIC Platforms

=item Acorn RISC OS

=item Other perls

=back

=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

=over 4

=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS

=back

=item CHANGES

v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

=item Supported Platforms

=item SEE ALSO

=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

=item VERSION

=back

=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
localization)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

=item USING LOCALES

=over 4

=item The use locale pragma

=item The setlocale function

=item Finding locales

=item LOCALE PROBLEMS

=item Temporarily fixing locale problems

=item Permanently fixing locale problems

=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration

=item Fixing system locale configuration

=item The localeconv function

=item I18N::Langinfo

=back

=item LOCALE CATEGORIES

=over 4

=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

=item LC_TIME

=item Other categories

=back

=item SECURITY

=item ENVIRONMENT

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

=item NOTES

=over 4

=item Backward compatibility

=item I18N:Collate obsolete

=item Sort speed and memory use impacts

=item write() and LC_NUMERIC

=item Freely available locale definitions

=item I18n and l10n

=item An imperfect standard

=back

=item BUGS

=over 4

=item Broken systems

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=item HISTORY

=back

=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Unicode

=item Perl's Unicode Support

=item Perl's Unicode Model

=item Creating Unicode

=item Handling Unicode

=item Legacy Encodings

=item Unicode I/O

=item Displaying Unicode As Text

=item Special Cases

=item Advanced Topics

=item Miscellaneous

=item Questions With Answers

Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Data That's
Not Valid In a Particular Encoding, How Do I Convert Binary Data Into a
Particular Encoding, Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display Unicode?	How Do I
Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional Locales?

=item Hexadecimal Notation

=item Further Resources

=back

=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

=item SEE ALSO

=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

=back

=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Important Caveats

Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts

=item Byte and Character semantics

=item Effects of character semantics

=item Scripts

=item Blocks

=item Character encodings for input and output

=back

=item CAVEATS

=item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL

=over 4

=item Unicode Encodings

UTF-8, UTF-EBCDIC, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte
Order Marks), UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7

=item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8

=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC

=item Using Unicode in XS

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

=over 4

=item ASCII

=item ISO 8859

=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)

=item EBCDIC

=item 13 variant characters

=item 0037

=item 1047

=item POSIX-BC

=item Unicode and UTF

=back

=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

=item CONVERSIONS

=over 4

=item tr///

=item iconv

=item C RTL

=back

=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

=item SOCKETS

=item SORTING

=over 4

=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.

=item MONO CASE then sort data.

=item Convert, sort data, then re convert.

=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

=back

=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

=over 4

=item URL decoding and encoding

=item uu encoding and decoding

=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding

=item Caesarian ciphers

=back

=item Hashing order and checksums

=item I18N AND L10N

=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

=item OS ISSUES

=over 4

=item OS/400 

IFS access

=item OS/390, z/OS

chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales

=item VM/ESA?

=item POSIX-BC?

=back

=item BUGS

=item SEE ALSO

=item REFERENCES

=item HISTORY

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlsec - Perl security

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

=item Switches On the "#!" Line

=item Cleaning Up Your Path

=item Security Bugs

=item Protecting Your Programs

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Packages

=item Symbol Tables

=item Package Constructors and Destructors

=item Perl Classes

=item Perl Modules

=item Making your module threadsafe

=back

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item PREAMBLE

B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module

=back

=item PORTABILITY

=item HEY

=item AUTHOR

=item COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

=over 4

=item Pragmatic Modules

attributes, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics,
encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, overload, sigtrap,
sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register

=item Standard Modules

AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CGI,
CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, Devel::SelfStubber,
Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
Memoize::Storable, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP,
Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time,
Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent,
PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Switch, Symbol,
Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
User::pwent, Win32

=item Extension Modules

=back

=item CPAN

=over 4

=item Africa

=item Asia

=item Central America

=item Europe

=item North America

=item Oceania

=item South America

=back

=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

=over 4

=item Guidelines for Module Creation

=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules

=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

=back

=item NOTE

=back

=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

=over 4

=item INTRODUCTION

=item QUICK CHECKLIST

=over 4

=item Before you start

=item The API

=item Stability

=item Documentation

=item Release considerations

=back

=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

=over 4

=item Has it been done before?

=item Do one thing and do it well

=item What's in a name?

=back

=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

=over 4

=item To OO or not to OO?

=item Designing your API

Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
Parameter passing

=item Strictness and warnings

=item Backwards compatibility

=item Error handling and messages

=back

=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

=over 4

=item POD

=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs

=back

=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

=over 4

=item Version numbering

=item Pre-requisites

=item Testing

=item Packaging

=item Licensing

=back

=item COMMON PITFALLS

=over 4

=item Reinventing the wheel

=item Trying to do too much

=item Inappropriate documentation

=back

=item SEE ALSO

L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering

=item AUTHOR

=back

=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Warning

=item What should I make into a module?

=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground

Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again

=item Step-by-step: Making the module

Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README

=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module

Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

=back

=item AUTHOR

=item SEE ALSO

=back

=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What is Perl?

=item Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?

=item Which version of Perl should I use?

=item What are perl4 and perl5?

=item What is perl6?

=item How stable is Perl?

=item Is Perl difficult to learn?

=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
Scheme, or Tcl?

=item Can I do [task] in Perl?

=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?

=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?

=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

=item What is a JAPH?

=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
$Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?

=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?

=item I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How can I compile perl?

=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
don't work.

=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it work?

=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What is CPAN? 
What does CPAN/src/... mean?

=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

=item Where can I get information on Perl?

=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet?  Where do I post questions?

=item Where should I post source code?

=item Perl Books

References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

=item Perl in Magazines

=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?

=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?

=item Where do I send bug reports?

=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
17:09:37 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How do I do (anything)?

=item How can I use Perl interactively?

=item Is there a Perl shell?

=item How do I debug my Perl programs?

=item How do I profile my Perl programs?

=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

=item Is there a ctags for Perl?

=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?

Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha

=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

=item How can I use curses with Perl?

=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?

=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?

=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk

=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?

=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

=item How can I compile Perl into Java?

=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]

=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
my C program; what am I doing wrong?

=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
mean?

=item What's MakeMaker?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2002/01/01
22:26:45 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=item Data: Numbers

=over 4

=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?

=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

=item Does Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and floor()? 
Trig functions?

=item How do I convert between numeric representations:

B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>

=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?

=item How do I multiply matrices?

=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

=item How can I output Roman numerals?

=item Why aren't my random numbers random?

=back

=item Data: Dates

=over 4

=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?

=item How do I find the current century or millennium?

=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

=item How can I find the Julian Day?

=item How do I find yesterday's date?

=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?

=back

=item Data: Strings

=over 4

=item How do I validate input?

=item How do I unescape a string?

=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

=item How do I expand function calls in a string?

=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?

=item How do I reverse a string?

=item How do I expand tabs in a string?

=item How do I reformat a paragraph?

=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?

=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
string?

=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
[character]? (Comma-separated files)

=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?

=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?

=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?

=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?

=item How can I expand variables in text strings?

=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?

=item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?

1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
the tag

=back

=item Data: Arrays

=over 4

=item What is the difference between a list and an array?

=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?

a), b), c), d), e)

=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
array?

=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I compute the
intersection of two arrays?

=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?

=item How do I handle linked lists?

=item How do I handle circular lists?

=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?

=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?

=item How do I select a random element from an array?

=item How do I permute N elements of a list?

=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?

=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

=back

=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

=over 4

=item How do I process an entire hash?

=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
it?

=item How do I look up a hash element by value?

=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?

=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?

=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?

=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
it?

=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
array of hashes or arrays?

=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?

=back

=item Data: Misc

=over 4

=item How do I handle binary data correctly?

=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?

=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

=item How do I define methods for every class/object?

=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?

=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2001/12/19
18:17:00 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I do this?

=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?

=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?

=item How do I make a temporary file name?

=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do I pass
filehandles between subroutines?  How do I make an array of filehandles?

=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?

=item How can I write() into a string?

=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?

=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?

=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?

=item How can I reliably rename a file?

=item How can I lock a file?

=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?

=item I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the number in
the file.  How can I do this?

=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
file.  Do I still have to use locking?

=item How do I randomly update a binary file?

=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

=item How do I print to more than one file at once?

=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?

=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?

=item How can I read a single character from a file?  From the keyboard?

=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?

=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?

=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't
`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?

=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?

=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?  Why does C<-i> clobber
protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?

=item How do I select a random line from a file?

=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2002/01/01 22:26:45 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
and unmaintainable code?

Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters

=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.  What's wrong?

=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
different lines?

=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?

=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
case on the RHS?

=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?

=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?

=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?

=item What is C</o> really for?

=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
file?

=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?

=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I get around it?

=item How do I process each word on each line?

=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?

=item How can I do approximate matching?

=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?

=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?

=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?

=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?

=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?

=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2002/01/01
22:26:45 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
use them?

=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
commas?

=item How do I skip some return values?

=item How do I temporarily block warnings?

=item What's an extension?

=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?

=item How do I declare/create a structure?

=item How do I create a module?

=item How do I create a class?

=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

=item What's a closure?

=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
Regex}?

Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
Passing Methods

=item How do I create a static variable?

=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? 
Between local() and my()?

=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
is in scope?

=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?

=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?

=item How do I create a switch or case statement?

=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?

=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

=item How can I find out my current package?

=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

=item How do I clear a package?

=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
08:06:04 $)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?

=item How come exec() doesn't return?

=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?

Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

=item How do I print something out in color?

=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?

=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

=item How do I clear the screen?

=item How do I get the screen size?

=item How do I ask the user for a password?

=item How do I read and write the serial port?

lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input

=item How do I decode encrypted password files?

=item How do I start a process in the background?

STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

=item How do I trap control characters/signals?

=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

=item How do I set the time and date?

=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

=item How can I measure time under a second?

=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)

=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?  What
does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?

=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?

=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?

=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
^Z on MS-DOS)?

=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?

=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

=item How can I write expect in Perl?

=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
"ps"?

=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script.	How
come the change disappeared when I exited the script?  How do I get my
changes to be visible?

Unix

=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
complete?

=item How do I fork a daemon process?

=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

=item How do I timeout a slow event?

=item How do I set CPU limits?

=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

=item How do I use an SQL database?

=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

=item How do I open a file without blocking?

=item How do I install a module from CPAN?

=item What's the difference between require and use?

=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?

=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
search path?

=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?

=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

=back

=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

=back

=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
$)

=over 4

=item DESCRIPTION

=over 4

=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?

=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.  (500
Server Error)

=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

=item How do I remove HTML from a string?

=item How do I extract URLs?

=item How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I open a