4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
5 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
7 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
8 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
13 * 'You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss Primula Brandybuck. She was
14 * our Mr. Bilbo's first cousin on the mother's side (her mother being the
15 * youngest of the Old Took's daughters); and Mr. Drogo was his second
16 * cousin. So Mr. Frodo is his first *and* second cousin, once removed
17 * either way, as the saying is, if you follow me.' --the Gaffer
19 * [p.23 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/i: "A Long-Expected Party"]
22 /* This file contains the functions that create, manipulate and optimize
23 * the OP structures that hold a compiled perl program.
25 * A Perl program is compiled into a tree of OPs. Each op contains
26 * structural pointers (eg to its siblings and the next op in the
27 * execution sequence), a pointer to the function that would execute the
28 * op, plus any data specific to that op. For example, an OP_CONST op
29 * points to the pp_const() function and to an SV containing the constant
30 * value. When pp_const() is executed, its job is to push that SV onto the
33 * OPs are mainly created by the newFOO() functions, which are mainly
34 * called from the parser (in perly.y) as the code is parsed. For example
35 * the Perl code $a + $b * $c would cause the equivalent of the following
36 * to be called (oversimplifying a bit):
38 * newBINOP(OP_ADD, flags,
40 * newBINOP(OP_MULTIPLY, flags, newSVREF($b), newSVREF($c))
43 * Note that during the build of miniperl, a temporary copy of this file
44 * is made, called opmini.c.
48 Perl's compiler is essentially a 3-pass compiler with interleaved phases:
52 An execution-order pass
54 The bottom-up pass is represented by all the "newOP" routines and
55 the ck_ routines. The bottom-upness is actually driven by yacc.
56 So at the point that a ck_ routine fires, we have no idea what the
57 context is, either upward in the syntax tree, or either forward or
58 backward in the execution order. (The bottom-up parser builds that
59 part of the execution order it knows about, but if you follow the "next"
60 links around, you'll find it's actually a closed loop through the
63 Whenever the bottom-up parser gets to a node that supplies context to
64 its components, it invokes that portion of the top-down pass that applies
65 to that part of the subtree (and marks the top node as processed, so
66 if a node further up supplies context, it doesn't have to take the
67 plunge again). As a particular subcase of this, as the new node is
68 built, it takes all the closed execution loops of its subcomponents
69 and links them into a new closed loop for the higher level node. But
70 it's still not the real execution order.
72 The actual execution order is not known till we get a grammar reduction
73 to a top-level unit like a subroutine or file that will be called by
74 "name" rather than via a "next" pointer. At that point, we can call
75 into peep() to do that code's portion of the 3rd pass. It has to be
76 recursive, but it's recursive on basic blocks, not on tree nodes.
79 /* To implement user lexical pragmas, there needs to be a way at run time to
80 get the compile time state of %^H for that block. Storing %^H in every
81 block (or even COP) would be very expensive, so a different approach is
82 taken. The (running) state of %^H is serialised into a tree of HE-like
83 structs. Stores into %^H are chained onto the current leaf as a struct
84 refcounted_he * with the key and the value. Deletes from %^H are saved
85 with a value of PL_sv_placeholder. The state of %^H at any point can be
86 turned back into a regular HV by walking back up the tree from that point's
87 leaf, ignoring any key you've already seen (placeholder or not), storing
88 the rest into the HV structure, then removing the placeholders. Hence
89 memory is only used to store the %^H deltas from the enclosing COP, rather
90 than the entire %^H on each COP.
92 To cause actions on %^H to write out the serialisation records, it has
93 magic type 'H'. This magic (itself) does nothing, but its presence causes
94 the values to gain magic type 'h', which has entries for set and clear.
95 C<Perl_magic_sethint> updates C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> with a store
96 record, with deletes written by C<Perl_magic_clearhint>. C<SAVEHINTS>
97 saves the current C<PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash> on the save stack, so that
98 it will be correctly restored when any inner compiling scope is exited.
104 #include "keywords.h"
108 #define CALL_PEEP(o) PL_peepp(aTHX_ o)
109 #define CALL_RPEEP(o) PL_rpeepp(aTHX_ o)
110 #define CALL_OPFREEHOOK(o) if (PL_opfreehook) PL_opfreehook(aTHX_ o)
112 /* See the explanatory comments above struct opslab in op.h. */
114 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
115 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 128
116 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 4096
117 # include <sys/mman.h>
120 #ifndef PERL_SLAB_SIZE
121 # define PERL_SLAB_SIZE 64
123 #ifndef PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
124 # define PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE 2048
127 /* rounds up to nearest pointer */
128 #define SIZE_TO_PSIZE(x) (((x) + sizeof(I32 *) - 1)/sizeof(I32 *))
129 #define DIFF(o,p) ((size_t)((I32 **)(p) - (I32**)(o)))
132 S_new_slab(pTHX_ size_t sz)
134 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
135 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *) mmap(0, sz * sizeof(I32 *),
136 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
137 MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
138 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapped %lu at %p\n",
139 (unsigned long) sz, slab));
140 if (slab == MAP_FAILED) {
141 perror("mmap failed");
144 slab->opslab_size = (U16)sz;
146 OPSLAB *slab = (OPSLAB *)PerlMemShared_calloc(sz, sizeof(I32 *));
148 slab->opslab_first = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab + sz - 1);
152 /* requires double parens and aTHX_ */
153 #define DEBUG_S_warn(args) \
155 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s", SvPVx_nolen(Perl_mess args)) \
159 Perl_Slab_Alloc(pTHX_ size_t sz)
168 if (!PL_compcv || CvROOT(PL_compcv)
169 || (CvSTART(PL_compcv) && !CvSLABBED(PL_compcv)))
170 return PerlMemShared_calloc(1, sz);
172 if (!CvSTART(PL_compcv)) { /* sneak it in here */
174 (OP *)(slab = S_new_slab(aTHX_ PERL_SLAB_SIZE));
175 CvSLABBED_on(PL_compcv);
176 slab->opslab_refcnt = 2; /* one for the CV; one for the new OP */
178 else ++(slab = (OPSLAB *)CvSTART(PL_compcv))->opslab_refcnt;
180 opsz = SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sz);
181 sz = opsz + OPSLOT_HEADER_P;
183 if (slab->opslab_freed) {
184 OP **too = &slab->opslab_freed;
186 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found free op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
187 while (o && DIFF(OpSLOT(o), OpSLOT(o)->opslot_next) < sz) {
188 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "Alas! too small"));
189 o = *(too = &o->op_next);
190 if (o) { DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "found another free op at %p", o)); }
194 Zero(o, opsz, I32 *);
200 #define INIT_OPSLOT \
201 slot->opslot_slab = slab; \
202 slot->opslot_next = slab2->opslab_first; \
203 slab2->opslab_first = slot; \
204 o = &slot->opslot_op; \
207 /* The partially-filled slab is next in the chain. */
208 slab2 = slab->opslab_next ? slab->opslab_next : slab;
209 if ((space = DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first)) < sz) {
210 /* Remaining space is too small. */
212 /* If we can fit a BASEOP, add it to the free chain, so as not
214 if (space >= SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P) {
215 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
217 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
218 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
219 slab->opslab_freed = o;
222 /* Create a new slab. Make this one twice as big. */
223 slot = slab2->opslab_first;
224 while (slot->opslot_next) slot = slot->opslot_next;
225 slab2 = S_new_slab(aTHX_
226 (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2 > PERL_MAX_SLAB_SIZE
228 : (DIFF(slab2, slot)+1)*2);
229 slab2->opslab_next = slab->opslab_next;
230 slab->opslab_next = slab2;
232 assert(DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slab2->opslab_first) >= sz);
234 /* Create a new op slot */
235 slot = (OPSLOT *)((I32 **)slab2->opslab_first - sz);
236 assert(slot >= &slab2->opslab_slots);
237 if (DIFF(&slab2->opslab_slots, slot)
238 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(OP)) + OPSLOT_HEADER_P)
239 slot = &slab2->opslab_slots;
241 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "allocating op at %p, slab %p", o, slab));
247 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
249 Perl_Slab_to_ro(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
251 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RO;
253 if (slab->opslab_readonly) return;
254 slab->opslab_readonly = 1;
255 for (; slab; slab = slab->opslab_next) {
256 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->ro %lu at %p\n",
257 (unsigned long) slab->opslab_size, slab));*/
258 if (mprotect(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *), PROT_READ))
259 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
260 (unsigned long)slab->opslab_size, errno);
265 Perl_Slab_to_rw(pTHX_ OPSLAB *const slab)
269 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_TO_RW;
271 if (!slab->opslab_readonly) return;
273 for (; slab2; slab2 = slab2->opslab_next) {
274 /*DEBUG_U(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"mprotect ->rw %lu at %p\n",
275 (unsigned long) size, slab2));*/
276 if (mprotect((void *)slab2, slab2->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *),
277 PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE)) {
278 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "mprotect RW for %p %lu failed with %d", slab,
279 (unsigned long)slab2->opslab_size, errno);
282 slab->opslab_readonly = 0;
286 # define Slab_to_rw(op)
289 /* This cannot possibly be right, but it was copied from the old slab
290 allocator, to which it was originally added, without explanation, in
293 # define PerlMemShared PerlMem
297 Perl_Slab_Free(pTHX_ void *op)
300 OP * const o = (OP *)op;
303 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SLAB_FREE;
305 if (!o->op_slabbed) {
307 PerlMemShared_free(op);
312 /* If this op is already freed, our refcount will get screwy. */
313 assert(o->op_type != OP_FREED);
314 o->op_type = OP_FREED;
315 o->op_next = slab->opslab_freed;
316 slab->opslab_freed = o;
317 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "free op at %p, recorded in slab %p", o, slab));
318 OpslabREFCNT_dec_padok(slab);
322 Perl_opslab_free_nopad(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
325 const bool havepad = !!PL_comppad;
326 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE_NOPAD;
329 PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD();
336 Perl_opslab_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
340 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FREE;
341 DEBUG_S_warn((aTHX_ "freeing slab %p", slab));
342 assert(slab->opslab_refcnt == 1);
343 for (; slab; slab = slab2) {
344 slab2 = slab->opslab_next;
346 slab->opslab_refcnt = ~(size_t)0;
348 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
349 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "Deallocate slab at %p\n",
351 if (munmap(slab, slab->opslab_size * sizeof(I32 *))) {
352 perror("munmap failed");
356 PerlMemShared_free(slab);
362 Perl_opslab_force_free(pTHX_ OPSLAB *slab)
367 size_t savestack_count = 0;
369 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OPSLAB_FORCE_FREE;
372 for (slot = slab2->opslab_first;
374 slot = slot->opslot_next) {
375 if (slot->opslot_op.op_type != OP_FREED
376 && !(slot->opslot_op.op_savefree
382 assert(slot->opslot_op.op_slabbed);
383 slab->opslab_refcnt++; /* op_free may free slab */
384 op_free(&slot->opslot_op);
385 if (!--slab->opslab_refcnt) goto free;
388 } while ((slab2 = slab2->opslab_next));
389 /* > 1 because the CV still holds a reference count. */
390 if (slab->opslab_refcnt > 1) { /* still referenced by the savestack */
392 assert(savestack_count == slab->opslab_refcnt-1);
400 #ifdef PERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS
402 Perl_op_refcnt_inc(pTHX_ OP *o)
405 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
406 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
419 Perl_op_refcnt_dec(pTHX_ OP *o)
422 OPSLAB *const slab = o->op_slabbed ? OpSLAB(o) : NULL;
424 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_REFCNT_DEC;
426 if (slab && slab->opslab_readonly) {
428 result = --o->op_targ;
431 result = --o->op_targ;
437 * In the following definition, the ", (OP*)0" is just to make the compiler
438 * think the expression is of the right type: croak actually does a Siglongjmp.
440 #define CHECKOP(type,o) \
441 ((PL_op_mask && PL_op_mask[type]) \
442 ? ( op_free((OP*)o), \
443 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "'%s' trapped by operation mask", PL_op_desc[type]), \
445 : PL_check[type](aTHX_ (OP*)o))
447 #define RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER (PERL_INT_MAX / 2)
449 #define CHANGE_TYPE(o,type) \
451 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type; \
452 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type]; \
456 S_gv_ename(pTHX_ GV *gv)
458 SV* const tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
460 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_ENAME;
462 gv_efullname3(tmpsv, gv, NULL);
467 S_no_fh_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
469 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_FH_ALLOWED;
471 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Missing comma after first argument to %s function",
477 S_too_few_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
479 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_SV;
480 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %"SVf, namesv),
481 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
486 S_too_few_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char* name, U32 flags)
488 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_PV;
489 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Not enough arguments for %s", name), flags);
494 S_too_many_arguments_pv(pTHX_ OP *o, const char *name, U32 flags)
496 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_PV;
498 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %s", name), flags);
503 S_too_many_arguments_sv(pTHX_ OP *o, SV *namesv, U32 flags)
505 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_SV;
507 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Too many arguments for %"SVf, SVfARG(namesv)),
508 SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
513 S_bad_type_pv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, const char *name, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
515 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_PV;
517 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)",
518 (int)n, name, t, OP_DESC(kid)), flags);
522 S_bad_type_sv(pTHX_ I32 n, const char *t, SV *namesv, U32 flags, const OP *kid)
524 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BAD_TYPE_SV;
526 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Type of arg %d to %"SVf" must be %s (not %s)",
527 (int)n, SVfARG(namesv), t, OP_DESC(kid)), SvUTF8(namesv) | flags);
531 S_no_bareword_allowed(pTHX_ OP *o)
533 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NO_BAREWORD_ALLOWED;
536 return; /* various ok barewords are hidden in extra OP_NULL */
537 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
538 "Bareword \"%"SVf"\" not allowed while \"strict subs\" in use",
540 o->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT; /* prevent warning twice about the same OP */
543 /* "register" allocation */
546 Perl_allocmy(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
550 const bool is_our = (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our);
552 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCMY;
554 if (flags & ~SVf_UTF8)
555 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: allocmy illegal flag bits 0x%" UVxf,
558 /* Until we're using the length for real, cross check that we're being
560 assert(strlen(name) == len);
562 /* complain about "my $<special_var>" etc etc */
566 ((flags & SVf_UTF8) && isIDFIRST_utf8((U8 *)name+1)) ||
567 (name[1] == '_' && (*name == '$' || len > 2))))
569 /* name[2] is true if strlen(name) > 2 */
570 if (!(flags & SVf_UTF8 && UTF8_IS_START(name[1]))
571 && (!isPRINT(name[1]) || strchr("\t\n\r\f", name[1]))) {
572 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %c^%c%.*s in \"%s\"",
573 name[0], toCTRL(name[1]), (int)(len - 2), name + 2,
574 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
576 yyerror_pv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't use global %.*s in \"%s\"", (int) len, name,
577 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"), flags & SVf_UTF8);
581 /* allocate a spare slot and store the name in that slot */
583 off = pad_add_name_pvn(name, len,
584 (is_our ? padadd_OUR :
585 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? padadd_STATE : 0)
586 | ( flags & SVf_UTF8 ? SVf_UTF8 : 0 ),
587 PL_parser->in_my_stash,
589 /* $_ is always in main::, even with our */
590 ? (PL_curstash && !strEQ(name,"$_") ? PL_curstash : PL_defstash)
594 /* anon sub prototypes contains state vars should always be cloned,
595 * otherwise the state var would be shared between anon subs */
597 if (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state && CvANON(PL_compcv))
598 CvCLONE_on(PL_compcv);
604 =for apidoc alloccopstash
606 Available only under threaded builds, this function allocates an entry in
607 C<PL_stashpad> for the stash passed to it.
614 Perl_alloccopstash(pTHX_ HV *hv)
616 PADOFFSET off = 0, o = 1;
617 bool found_slot = FALSE;
619 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ALLOCCOPSTASH;
621 if (PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix] == hv) return PL_stashpadix;
623 for (; o < PL_stashpadmax; ++o) {
624 if (PL_stashpad[o] == hv) return PL_stashpadix = o;
625 if (!PL_stashpad[o] || SvTYPE(PL_stashpad[o]) != SVt_PVHV)
626 found_slot = TRUE, off = o;
629 Renew(PL_stashpad, PL_stashpadmax + 10, HV *);
630 Zero(PL_stashpad + PL_stashpadmax, 10, HV *);
631 off = PL_stashpadmax;
632 PL_stashpadmax += 10;
635 PL_stashpad[PL_stashpadix = off] = hv;
640 /* free the body of an op without examining its contents.
641 * Always use this rather than FreeOp directly */
644 S_op_destroy(pTHX_ OP *o)
650 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a,b)
652 # define forget_pmop(a,b) S_forget_pmop(aTHX_ a)
658 Perl_op_free(pTHX_ OP *o)
663 /* Though ops may be freed twice, freeing the op after its slab is a
665 assert(!o || !o->op_slabbed || OpSLAB(o)->opslab_refcnt != ~(size_t)0);
666 /* During the forced freeing of ops after compilation failure, kidops
667 may be freed before their parents. */
668 if (!o || o->op_type == OP_FREED)
672 if (o->op_private & OPpREFCOUNTED) {
683 refcnt = OpREFCNT_dec(o);
686 /* Need to find and remove any pattern match ops from the list
687 we maintain for reset(). */
688 find_and_forget_pmops(o);
698 /* Call the op_free hook if it has been set. Do it now so that it's called
699 * at the right time for refcounted ops, but still before all of the kids
703 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
705 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = nextkid) {
706 nextkid = kid->op_sibling; /* Get before next freeing kid */
711 type = (OPCODE)o->op_targ;
714 Slab_to_rw(OpSLAB(o));
717 /* COP* is not cleared by op_clear() so that we may track line
718 * numbers etc even after null() */
719 if (type == OP_NEXTSTATE || type == OP_DBSTATE) {
725 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
732 Perl_op_clear(pTHX_ OP *o)
737 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CLEAR;
740 mad_free(o->op_madprop);
745 switch (o->op_type) {
746 case OP_NULL: /* Was holding old type, if any. */
747 if (PL_madskills && o->op_targ != OP_NULL) {
748 o->op_type = (Optype)o->op_targ;
753 case OP_ENTEREVAL: /* Was holding hints. */
757 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_REF)
758 || (PL_check[o->op_type] != Perl_ck_ftst))
765 GV *gv = (o->op_type == OP_GV || o->op_type == OP_GVSV)
770 /* It's possible during global destruction that the GV is freed
771 before the optree. Whilst the SvREFCNT_inc is happy to bump from
772 0 to 1 on a freed SV, the corresponding SvREFCNT_dec from 1 to 0
773 will trigger an assertion failure, because the entry to sv_clear
774 checks that the scalar is not already freed. A check of for
775 !SvIS_FREED(gv) turns out to be invalid, because during global
776 destruction the reference count can be forced down to zero
777 (with SVf_BREAK set). In which case raising to 1 and then
778 dropping to 0 triggers cleanup before it should happen. I
779 *think* that this might actually be a general, systematic,
780 weakness of the whole idea of SVf_BREAK, in that code *is*
781 allowed to raise and lower references during global destruction,
782 so any *valid* code that happens to do this during global
783 destruction might well trigger premature cleanup. */
784 bool still_valid = gv && SvREFCNT(gv);
787 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(gv);
789 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
790 /* No GvIN_PAD_off(cGVOPo_gv) here, because other references
791 * may still exist on the pad */
792 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
793 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
796 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
797 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
800 int try_downgrade = SvREFCNT(gv) == 2;
803 gv_try_downgrade(gv);
807 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
810 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
811 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
814 Even if op_clear does a pad_free for the target of the op,
815 pad_free doesn't actually remove the sv that exists in the pad;
816 instead it lives on. This results in that it could be reused as
817 a target later on when the pad was reallocated.
820 pad_swipe(o->op_targ,1);
830 if (o->op_flags & (OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED|OPf_KIDS))
835 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
836 assert(o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
838 if (cPADOPo->op_padix > 0) {
839 pad_swipe(cPADOPo->op_padix, TRUE);
840 cPADOPo->op_padix = 0;
843 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
844 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
848 PerlMemShared_free(cPVOPo->op_pv);
849 cPVOPo->op_pv = NULL;
853 op_free(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
857 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
858 /* No GvIN_PAD_off here, because other references may still
859 * exist on the pad */
860 pad_swipe(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff, TRUE);
863 SvREFCNT_dec(MUTABLE_SV(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv));
869 if (!(cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE))
870 op_free(cPMOPo->op_code_list);
871 cPMOPo->op_code_list = NULL;
872 forget_pmop(cPMOPo, 1);
873 cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = NULL;
874 /* we use the same protection as the "SAFE" version of the PM_ macros
875 * here since sv_clean_all might release some PMOPs
876 * after PL_regex_padav has been cleared
877 * and the clearing of PL_regex_padav needs to
878 * happen before sv_clean_all
881 if(PL_regex_pad) { /* We could be in destruction */
882 const IV offset = (cPMOPo)->op_pmoffset;
883 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
884 PL_regex_pad[offset] = &PL_sv_undef;
885 sv_catpvn_nomg(PL_regex_pad[0], (const char *)&offset,
889 ReREFCNT_dec(PM_GETRE(cPMOPo));
890 PM_SETRE(cPMOPo, NULL);
896 if (o->op_targ > 0) {
897 pad_free(o->op_targ);
903 S_cop_free(pTHX_ COP* cop)
905 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_COP_FREE;
908 if (! specialWARN(cop->cop_warnings))
909 PerlMemShared_free(cop->cop_warnings);
910 cophh_free(CopHINTHASH_get(cop));
914 S_forget_pmop(pTHX_ PMOP *const o
920 HV * const pmstash = PmopSTASH(o);
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FORGET_PMOP;
924 if (pmstash && !SvIS_FREED(pmstash) && SvMAGICAL(pmstash)) {
925 MAGIC * const mg = mg_find((const SV *)pmstash, PERL_MAGIC_symtab);
927 PMOP **const array = (PMOP**) mg->mg_ptr;
928 U32 count = mg->mg_len / sizeof(PMOP**);
933 /* Found it. Move the entry at the end to overwrite it. */
934 array[i] = array[--count];
935 mg->mg_len = count * sizeof(PMOP**);
936 /* Could realloc smaller at this point always, but probably
937 not worth it. Probably worth free()ing if we're the
940 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
957 S_find_and_forget_pmops(pTHX_ OP *o)
959 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FIND_AND_FORGET_PMOPS;
961 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
962 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
964 switch (kid->op_type) {
969 forget_pmop((PMOP*)kid, 0);
971 find_and_forget_pmops(kid);
972 kid = kid->op_sibling;
978 Perl_op_null(pTHX_ OP *o)
982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_NULL;
984 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
988 o->op_targ = o->op_type;
989 o->op_type = OP_NULL;
990 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_NULL];
994 Perl_op_refcnt_lock(pTHX)
1002 Perl_op_refcnt_unlock(pTHX)
1005 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
1009 /* Contextualizers */
1012 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_contextualize|OP *o|I32 context
1014 Applies a syntactic context to an op tree representing an expression.
1015 I<o> is the op tree, and I<context> must be C<G_SCALAR>, C<G_ARRAY>,
1016 or C<G_VOID> to specify the context to apply. The modified op tree
1023 Perl_op_contextualize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 context)
1025 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_CONTEXTUALIZE;
1027 case G_SCALAR: return scalar(o);
1028 case G_ARRAY: return list(o);
1029 case G_VOID: return scalarvoid(o);
1031 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: op_contextualize bad context %ld",
1038 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
1040 =for apidoc Am|OP*|op_linklist|OP *o
1041 This function is the implementation of the L</LINKLIST> macro. It should
1042 not be called directly.
1048 Perl_op_linklist(pTHX_ OP *o)
1052 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_LINKLIST;
1057 /* establish postfix order */
1058 first = cUNOPo->op_first;
1061 o->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
1064 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1065 kid->op_next = LINKLIST(kid->op_sibling);
1066 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1080 S_scalarkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1082 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1084 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1091 S_scalarboolean(pTHX_ OP *o)
1095 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARBOOLEAN;
1097 if (o->op_type == OP_SASSIGN && cBINOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_CONST
1098 && !(cBINOPo->op_first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
1099 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX)) {
1100 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1102 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline != NOLINE) {
1103 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
1104 of the conditional, not the last. */
1105 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
1107 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Found = in conditional, should be ==");
1108 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1115 Perl_scalar(pTHX_ OP *o)
1120 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1121 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1122 || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1123 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1128 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
1130 switch (o->op_type) {
1132 scalar(cBINOPo->op_first);
1137 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1147 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1148 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1154 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1156 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1159 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1160 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1166 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1171 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1174 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID), "Useless use of sort in scalar context");
1181 Perl_scalarvoid(pTHX_ OP *o)
1185 SV *useless_sv = NULL;
1186 const char* useless = NULL;
1190 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCALARVOID;
1192 /* trailing mad null ops don't count as "there" for void processing */
1194 o->op_type != OP_NULL &&
1196 o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NULL)
1199 for (sib = o->op_sibling;
1200 sib && sib->op_type == OP_NULL;
1201 sib = sib->op_sibling) ;
1207 if (o->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE
1208 || o->op_type == OP_DBSTATE
1209 || (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_targ == OP_NEXTSTATE
1210 || o->op_targ == OP_DBSTATE)))
1211 PL_curcop = (COP*)o; /* for warning below */
1213 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1214 want = o->op_flags & OPf_WANT;
1215 if ((want && want != OPf_WANT_SCALAR)
1216 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1217 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN || o->op_type == OP_REQUIRE || o->op_type == OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1222 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1223 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1225 return scalar(o); /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1228 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_VOID;
1230 switch (o->op_type) {
1232 if (!(PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
1236 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1240 if (o->op_private == 4)
1265 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
1284 case OP_GETSOCKNAME:
1285 case OP_GETPEERNAME:
1290 case OP_GETPRIORITY:
1315 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)))
1316 /* Otherwise it's "Useless use of grep iterator" */
1317 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1321 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1322 if (kid && kid->op_type == OP_PUSHRE
1324 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff)
1326 && !((PMOP*)kid)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv)
1328 useless = OP_DESC(o);
1332 kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1333 if (kid->op_type != OP_MATCH && kid->op_type != OP_SUBST &&
1334 kid->op_type != OP_TRANS && kid->op_type != OP_TRANSR) {
1337 useless = "negative pattern binding (!~)";
1341 if (cPMOPo->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)
1342 useless = "non-destructive substitution (s///r)";
1346 useless = "non-destructive transliteration (tr///r)";
1353 if (!(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)) &&
1354 (!o->op_sibling || o->op_sibling->op_type != OP_READLINE))
1355 useless = "a variable";
1360 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1361 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1363 if (ckWARN(WARN_VOID)) {
1364 /* don't warn on optimised away booleans, eg
1365 * use constant Foo, 5; Foo || print; */
1366 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT)
1368 /* the constants 0 and 1 are permitted as they are
1369 conventionally used as dummies in constructs like
1370 1 while some_condition_with_side_effects; */
1371 else if (SvNIOK(sv) && (SvNV(sv) == 0.0 || SvNV(sv) == 1.0))
1373 else if (SvPOK(sv)) {
1374 /* perl4's way of mixing documentation and code
1375 (before the invention of POD) was based on a
1376 trick to mix nroff and perl code. The trick was
1377 built upon these three nroff macros being used in
1378 void context. The pink camel has the details in
1379 the script wrapman near page 319. */
1380 const char * const maybe_macro = SvPVX_const(sv);
1381 if (strnEQ(maybe_macro, "di", 2) ||
1382 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ds", 2) ||
1383 strnEQ(maybe_macro, "ig", 2))
1386 SV * const dsv = newSVpvs("");
1388 = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1390 pv_pretty(dsv, maybe_macro,
1391 SvCUR(sv), 32, NULL, NULL,
1393 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_NOCLEAR
1394 | PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT));
1398 else if (SvOK(sv)) {
1399 useless_sv = Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "a constant (%"SVf")", sv);
1402 useless = "a constant (undef)";
1405 op_null(o); /* don't execute or even remember it */
1409 o->op_type = OP_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1410 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREINC];
1414 o->op_type = OP_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1415 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_PREDEC];
1419 o->op_type = OP_I_PREINC; /* pre-increment is faster */
1420 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREINC];
1424 o->op_type = OP_I_PREDEC; /* pre-decrement is faster */
1425 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_I_PREDEC];
1430 UNOP *refgen, *rv2cv;
1433 if ((o->op_private & ~OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS) != 2)
1436 rv2gv = ((BINOP *)o)->op_last;
1437 if (!rv2gv || rv2gv->op_type != OP_RV2GV)
1440 refgen = (UNOP *)((BINOP *)o)->op_first;
1442 if (!refgen || refgen->op_type != OP_REFGEN)
1445 exlist = (LISTOP *)refgen->op_first;
1446 if (!exlist || exlist->op_type != OP_NULL
1447 || exlist->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1450 if (exlist->op_first->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
1453 rv2cv = (UNOP*)exlist->op_last;
1455 if (rv2cv->op_type != OP_RV2CV)
1458 assert ((rv2gv->op_private & OPpDONT_INIT_GV) == 0);
1459 assert ((o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV) == 0);
1460 assert ((rv2cv->op_private & OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT) == 0);
1462 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_CV_TO_GV;
1463 rv2gv->op_private |= OPpDONT_INIT_GV;
1464 rv2cv->op_private |= OPpMAY_RETURN_CONSTANT;
1476 kid = cLOGOPo->op_first;
1477 if (kid->op_type == OP_NOT
1478 && (kid->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
1480 if (o->op_type == OP_AND) {
1482 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_OR];
1484 o->op_type = OP_AND;
1485 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_AND];
1494 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1499 if (o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
1506 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1517 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1528 /* mortalise it, in case warnings are fatal. */
1529 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1530 "Useless use of %"SVf" in void context",
1531 sv_2mortal(useless_sv));
1534 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_VOID),
1535 "Useless use of %s in void context",
1542 S_listkids(pTHX_ OP *o)
1544 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1546 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1553 Perl_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
1558 /* assumes no premature commitment */
1559 if (!o || (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT)
1560 || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
1561 || o->op_type == OP_RETURN)
1566 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1567 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1569 return o; /* As if inside SASSIGN */
1572 o->op_flags = (o->op_flags & ~OPf_WANT) | OPf_WANT_LIST;
1574 switch (o->op_type) {
1577 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1582 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1590 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
1592 if (!o->op_next && cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP) {
1593 list(cBINOPo->op_first);
1594 return gen_constant_list(o);
1601 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1603 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1606 OP *sib = kid->op_sibling;
1607 if (sib && kid->op_type != OP_LEAVEWHEN)
1613 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1617 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
1624 S_scalarseq(pTHX_ OP *o)
1628 const OPCODE type = o->op_type;
1630 if (type == OP_LINESEQ || type == OP_SCOPE ||
1631 type == OP_LEAVE || type == OP_LEAVETRY)
1634 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
1635 if (kid->op_sibling) {
1639 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
1641 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
1642 if (PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE)
1643 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
1646 o = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
1651 S_modkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
1653 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1655 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1656 op_lvalue(kid, type);
1662 =for apidoc finalize_optree
1664 This function finalizes the optree. Should be called directly after
1665 the complete optree is built. It does some additional
1666 checking which can't be done in the normal ck_xxx functions and makes
1667 the tree thread-safe.
1672 Perl_finalize_optree(pTHX_ OP* o)
1674 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OPTREE;
1677 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
1685 S_finalize_op(pTHX_ OP* o)
1687 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FINALIZE_OP;
1689 #if defined(PERL_MAD) && defined(USE_ITHREADS)
1691 /* Make sure mad ops are also thread-safe */
1692 MADPROP *mp = o->op_madprop;
1694 if (mp->mad_type == MAD_OP && mp->mad_vlen) {
1695 OP *prop_op = (OP *) mp->mad_val;
1696 /* We only need "Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.", but this
1697 easiest way to make sure it traverses everything */
1698 if (prop_op->op_type == OP_CONST)
1699 cSVOPx(prop_op)->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
1700 finalize_op(prop_op);
1707 switch (o->op_type) {
1710 PL_curcop = ((COP*)o); /* for warnings */
1714 && (o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || o->op_sibling->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
1715 && ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
1717 if (o->op_sibling->op_sibling) {
1718 const OPCODE type = o->op_sibling->op_sibling->op_type;
1719 if (type != OP_EXIT && type != OP_WARN && type != OP_DIE) {
1720 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
1721 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, CopLINE((COP*)o->op_sibling));
1722 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1723 "Statement unlikely to be reached");
1724 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_EXEC),
1725 "\t(Maybe you meant system() when you said exec()?)\n");
1726 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
1733 if ((o->op_private & OPpEARLY_CV) && ckWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE)) {
1734 GV * const gv = cGVOPo_gv;
1735 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV && GvCV(gv) && SvPVX_const(GvCV(gv))) {
1736 /* XXX could check prototype here instead of just carping */
1737 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
1738 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, NULL);
1739 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PROTOTYPE),
1740 "%"SVf"() called too early to check prototype",
1747 if (cSVOPo->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
1748 no_bareword_allowed(o);
1752 case OP_METHOD_NAMED:
1753 /* Relocate sv to the pad for thread safety.
1754 * Despite being a "constant", the SV is written to,
1755 * for reference counts, sv_upgrade() etc. */
1756 if (cSVOPo->op_sv) {
1757 const PADOFFSET ix = pad_alloc(OP_CONST, SVs_PADTMP);
1758 if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED &&
1759 (SvPADTMP(cSVOPo->op_sv) || SvPADMY(cSVOPo->op_sv)))
1761 /* If op_sv is already a PADTMP/MY then it is being used by
1762 * some pad, so make a copy. */
1763 sv_setsv(PAD_SVl(ix),cSVOPo->op_sv);
1764 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1765 SvREFCNT_dec(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1767 else if (o->op_type != OP_METHOD_NAMED
1768 && cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1769 /* PL_sv_undef is hack - it's unsafe to store it in the
1770 AV that is the pad, because av_fetch treats values of
1771 PL_sv_undef as a "free" AV entry and will merrily
1772 replace them with a new SV, causing pad_alloc to think
1773 that this pad slot is free. (When, clearly, it is not)
1775 SvOK_off(PAD_SVl(ix));
1776 SvPADTMP_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1777 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1780 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(ix));
1781 SvPADTMP_on(cSVOPo->op_sv);
1782 PAD_SETSV(ix, cSVOPo->op_sv);
1783 /* XXX I don't know how this isn't readonly already. */
1784 SvREADONLY_on(PAD_SVl(ix));
1786 cSVOPo->op_sv = NULL;
1797 const char *key = NULL;
1800 if (((BINOP*)o)->op_last->op_type != OP_CONST)
1803 /* Make the CONST have a shared SV */
1804 svp = cSVOPx_svp(((BINOP*)o)->op_last);
1805 if ((!SvFAKE(sv = *svp) || !SvREADONLY(sv))
1806 && SvTYPE(sv) < SVt_PVMG && !SvROK(sv)) {
1807 key = SvPV_const(sv, keylen);
1808 lexname = newSVpvn_share(key,
1809 SvUTF8(sv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen,
1815 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO)))
1818 rop = (UNOP*)((BINOP*)o)->op_first;
1819 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV || rop->op_first->op_type != OP_PADSV)
1821 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_first->op_targ, TRUE);
1822 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1824 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1825 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1827 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1828 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1829 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1830 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1831 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1832 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1833 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1845 SVOP *first_key_op, *key_op;
1847 if ((o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO))
1848 /* I bet there's always a pushmark... */
1849 || ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_LIST)
1850 /* hmmm, no optimization if list contains only one key. */
1852 rop = (UNOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_last;
1853 if (rop->op_type != OP_RV2HV)
1855 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1856 /* @$hash{qw(keys here)} */
1857 rop = (UNOP*)rop->op_first;
1859 /* @{$hash}{qw(keys here)} */
1860 if (rop->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
1861 && cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last->op_type == OP_PADSV)
1863 rop = (UNOP*)cLISTOPx(rop->op_first)->op_last;
1869 lexname = *av_fetch(PL_comppad_name, rop->op_targ, TRUE);
1870 if (!SvPAD_TYPED(lexname))
1872 fields = (GV**)hv_fetchs(SvSTASH(lexname), "FIELDS", FALSE);
1873 if (!fields || !GvHV(*fields))
1875 /* Again guessing that the pushmark can be jumped over.... */
1876 first_key_op = (SVOP*)((LISTOP*)((LISTOP*)o)->op_first->op_sibling)
1877 ->op_first->op_sibling;
1878 for (key_op = first_key_op; key_op;
1879 key_op = (SVOP*)key_op->op_sibling) {
1880 if (key_op->op_type != OP_CONST)
1882 svp = cSVOPx_svp(key_op);
1883 key = SvPV_const(*svp, keylen);
1884 if (!hv_fetch(GvHV(*fields), key,
1885 SvUTF8(*svp) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen, FALSE)) {
1886 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such class field \"%"SVf"\" "
1887 "in variable %"SVf" of type %"HEKf,
1888 SVfARG(*svp), SVfARG(lexname),
1889 HEKfARG(HvNAME_HEK(SvSTASH(lexname))));
1895 if (cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot)
1896 finalize_op(cPMOPo->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot);
1903 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1905 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
1911 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_lvalue|OP *o|I32 type
1913 Propagate lvalue ("modifiable") context to an op and its children.
1914 I<type> represents the context type, roughly based on the type of op that
1915 would do the modifying, although C<local()> is represented by OP_NULL,
1916 because it has no op type of its own (it is signalled by a flag on
1919 This function detects things that can't be modified, such as C<$x+1>, and
1920 generates errors for them. For example, C<$x+1 = 2> would cause it to be
1921 called with an op of type OP_ADD and a C<type> argument of OP_SASSIGN.
1923 It also flags things that need to behave specially in an lvalue context,
1924 such as C<$$x = 5> which might have to vivify a reference in C<$x>.
1930 Perl_op_lvalue_flags(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, U32 flags)
1934 /* -1 = error on localize, 0 = ignore localize, 1 = ok to localize */
1937 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
1940 if ((o->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY)
1941 && (PL_opargs[o->op_type] & OA_TARGLEX))/* OPp share the meaning */
1946 assert( (o->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID );
1948 if (type == OP_PRTF || type == OP_SPRINTF) type = OP_ENTERSUB;
1950 switch (o->op_type) {
1955 if ((o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) || PL_madskills)
1959 if ((type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LOCK) &&
1960 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
1961 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
1962 /* Both ENTERSUB and RV2CV use this bit, but for different pur-
1963 poses, so we need it clear. */
1964 o->op_private &= ~1;
1965 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
1966 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
1967 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first);/* disable pushmark */
1970 else { /* lvalue subroutine call */
1971 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO
1972 |(OPpENTERSUB_INARGS * (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV));
1973 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
1974 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB || type == OP_REFGEN) {
1975 /* Potential lvalue context: */
1976 o->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_INARGS;
1979 else { /* Compile-time error message: */
1980 OP *kid = cUNOPo->op_first;
1983 if (kid->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
1984 if (kid->op_type != OP_NULL || kid->op_targ != OP_LIST)
1986 "panic: unexpected lvalue entersub "
1987 "args: type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
1988 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
1989 kid = kLISTOP->op_first;
1991 while (kid->op_sibling)
1992 kid = kid->op_sibling;
1993 if (!(kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2CV)) {
1994 break; /* Postpone until runtime */
1997 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
1998 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_targ == OP_RV2SV)
1999 kid = kUNOP->op_first;
2000 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL)
2002 "Unexpected constant lvalue entersub "
2003 "entry via type/targ %ld:%"UVuf,
2004 (long)kid->op_type, (UV)kid->op_targ);
2005 if (kid->op_type != OP_GV) {
2009 cv = GvCV(kGVOP_gv);
2019 if (flags & OP_LVALUE_NO_CROAK) return NULL;
2020 /* grep, foreach, subcalls, refgen */
2021 if (type == OP_GREPSTART || type == OP_ENTERSUB
2022 || type == OP_REFGEN || type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2024 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't modify %s in %s",
2025 (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
2027 : (o->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
2028 ? "non-lvalue subroutine call"
2030 type ? PL_op_desc[type] : "local"));
2044 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2053 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
2060 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2061 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2066 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS) {
2067 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2068 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2072 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2074 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2078 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2079 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2085 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2088 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2089 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2090 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2094 ref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2098 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2107 case OP_AELEMFAST_LEX:
2114 PL_modcount = RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER;
2115 if (type == OP_REFGEN && o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2116 return o; /* Treat \(@foo) like ordinary list. */
2117 if (scalar_mod_type(o, type))
2119 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2120 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2124 if (!type) /* local() */
2125 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't localize lexical variable %"SVf,
2126 PAD_COMPNAME_SV(o->op_targ));
2135 if (type != OP_SASSIGN && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2139 if (o->op_private == 4) /* don't allow 4 arg substr as lvalue */
2145 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2146 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2147 pad_free(o->op_targ);
2148 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(o->op_type, SVs_PADMY);
2149 assert(SvTYPE(PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) == SVt_NULL);
2150 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2151 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first->op_sibling, type);
2156 ref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type);
2157 if (type == OP_ENTERSUB &&
2158 !(o->op_private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO | OPpDEREF)))
2159 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_DEFER;
2160 if (type == OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2161 o->op_private |= OPpMAYBE_LVSUB;
2171 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
2172 op_lvalue(cLISTOPo->op_last, type);
2177 if (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* do BLOCK */
2179 else if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2181 if (o->op_targ != OP_LIST) {
2182 op_lvalue(cBINOPo->op_first, type);
2188 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2189 /* elements might be in void context because the list is
2190 in scalar context or because they are attribute sub calls */
2191 if ( (kid->op_flags & OPf_WANT) != OPf_WANT_VOID )
2192 op_lvalue(kid, type);
2196 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2198 break; /* op_lvalue()ing was handled by ck_return() */
2204 /* [20011101.069] File test operators interpret OPf_REF to mean that
2205 their argument is a filehandle; thus \stat(".") should not set
2207 if (type == OP_REFGEN &&
2208 PL_check[o->op_type] == Perl_ck_ftst)
2211 if (type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2212 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2214 if (type == OP_AASSIGN || type == OP_SASSIGN)
2215 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_REF;
2216 else if (!type) { /* local() */
2219 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2220 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
2221 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2226 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX),
2227 "Useless localization of %s", OP_DESC(o));
2230 else if (type != OP_GREPSTART && type != OP_ENTERSUB
2231 && type != OP_LEAVESUBLV)
2232 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2237 S_scalar_mod_type(const OP *o, I32 type)
2242 if (o && o->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
2266 case OP_RIGHT_SHIFT:
2287 S_is_handle_constructor(const OP *o, I32 numargs)
2289 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_HANDLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
2291 switch (o->op_type) {
2299 case OP_SELECT: /* XXX c.f. SelectSaver.pm */
2312 S_refkids(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type)
2314 if (o && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2316 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2323 Perl_doref(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 type, bool set_op_ref)
2328 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOREF;
2330 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2333 switch (o->op_type) {
2335 if ((type == OP_EXISTS || type == OP_DEFINED) &&
2336 !(o->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)) {
2337 o->op_type = OP_RV2CV; /* entersub => rv2cv */
2338 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2CV];
2339 assert(cUNOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_NULL);
2340 op_null(((LISTOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_first); /* disable pushmark */
2341 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2342 o->op_private &= ~1;
2344 else if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV){
2345 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2346 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2348 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2354 for (kid = cUNOPo->op_first->op_sibling; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2355 doref(kid, type, set_op_ref);
2358 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2359 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2360 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2363 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2364 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2365 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2367 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2374 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2377 if (type == OP_DEFINED)
2378 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* don't create GV */
2379 doref(cUNOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2385 o->op_flags |= OPf_REF;
2390 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) || type == OP_DEFINED)
2392 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, type, set_op_ref);
2396 doref(cBINOPo->op_first, o->op_type, set_op_ref);
2397 if (type == OP_RV2SV || type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV) {
2398 o->op_private |= (type == OP_RV2AV ? OPpDEREF_AV
2399 : type == OP_RV2HV ? OPpDEREF_HV
2401 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2411 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
2413 doref(cLISTOPo->op_last, type, set_op_ref);
2423 S_dup_attrlist(pTHX_ OP *o)
2428 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUP_ATTRLIST;
2430 /* An attrlist is either a simple OP_CONST or an OP_LIST with kids,
2431 * where the first kid is OP_PUSHMARK and the remaining ones
2432 * are OP_CONST. We need to push the OP_CONST values.
2434 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2435 rop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv));
2437 else if (o->op_type == OP_NULL)
2441 assert((o->op_type == OP_LIST) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS));
2443 for (o = cLISTOPo->op_first; o; o=o->op_sibling) {
2444 if (o->op_type == OP_CONST)
2445 rop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, rop,
2446 newSVOP(OP_CONST, o->op_flags,
2447 SvREFCNT_inc_NN(cSVOPo->op_sv)));
2454 S_apply_attrs(pTHX_ HV *stash, SV *target, OP *attrs)
2457 SV * const stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2459 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS;
2461 /* fake up C<use attributes $pkg,$rv,@attrs> */
2462 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2464 #define ATTRSMODULE "attributes"
2465 #define ATTRSMODULE_PM "attributes.pm"
2467 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2468 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2470 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2471 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2472 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2473 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2475 dup_attrlist(attrs))));
2480 S_apply_attrs_my(pTHX_ HV *stash, OP *target, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2483 OP *pack, *imop, *arg;
2484 SV *meth, *stashsv, **svp;
2486 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_MY;
2491 assert(target->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
2492 target->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
2493 target->op_type == OP_PADAV);
2495 /* Ensure that attributes.pm is loaded. */
2496 ENTER; /* need to protect against side-effects of 'use' */
2497 /* Don't force the C<use> if we don't need it. */
2498 svp = hv_fetchs(GvHVn(PL_incgv), ATTRSMODULE_PM, FALSE);
2499 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef)
2500 NOOP; /* already in %INC */
2502 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
2503 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE), NULL);
2506 /* Need package name for method call. */
2507 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE));
2509 /* Build up the real arg-list. */
2510 stashsv = stash ? newSVhek(HvNAME_HEK(stash)) : &PL_sv_no;
2512 arg = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2513 arg->op_targ = target->op_targ;
2514 arg = op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2515 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, stashsv),
2516 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2517 newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0,
2518 op_lvalue(arg, OP_REFGEN)),
2519 dup_attrlist(attrs)));
2521 /* Fake up a method call to import */
2522 meth = newSVpvs_share("import");
2523 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_WANT_VOID,
2524 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
2525 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
2526 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
2528 /* Combine the ops. */
2529 *imopsp = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, *imopsp, imop);
2533 =notfor apidoc apply_attrs_string
2535 Attempts to apply a list of attributes specified by the C<attrstr> and
2536 C<len> arguments to the subroutine identified by the C<cv> argument which
2537 is expected to be associated with the package identified by the C<stashpv>
2538 argument (see L<attributes>). It gets this wrong, though, in that it
2539 does not correctly identify the boundaries of the individual attribute
2540 specifications within C<attrstr>. This is not really intended for the
2541 public API, but has to be listed here for systems such as AIX which
2542 need an explicit export list for symbols. (It's called from XS code
2543 in support of the C<ATTRS:> keyword from F<xsubpp>.) Patches to fix it
2544 to respect attribute syntax properly would be welcome.
2550 Perl_apply_attrs_string(pTHX_ const char *stashpv, CV *cv,
2551 const char *attrstr, STRLEN len)
2555 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_APPLY_ATTRS_STRING;
2558 len = strlen(attrstr);
2562 for (; isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2564 const char * const sstr = attrstr;
2565 for (; !isSPACE(*attrstr) && len; --len, ++attrstr) ;
2566 attrs = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, attrs,
2567 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2568 newSVpvn(sstr, attrstr-sstr)));
2572 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS,
2573 newSVpvs(ATTRSMODULE),
2574 NULL, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2575 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(stashpv,0)),
2576 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
2577 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0,
2578 newRV(MUTABLE_SV(cv))),
2583 S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
2587 const bool stately = PL_parser && PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state;
2589 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_KID;
2591 if (!o || (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count))
2595 if (PL_madskills && type == OP_NULL && o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
2596 (void)my_kid(cUNOPo->op_first, attrs, imopsp);
2600 if (type == OP_LIST) {
2602 for (kid = cLISTOPo->op_first; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2603 my_kid(kid, attrs, imopsp);
2605 } else if (type == OP_UNDEF || type == OP_STUB) {
2607 } else if (type == OP_RV2SV || /* "our" declaration */
2609 type == OP_RV2HV) { /* XXX does this let anything illegal in? */
2610 if (cUNOPo->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) { /* MJD 20011224 */
2611 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2613 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2615 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2617 GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
2618 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2619 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2620 apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
2621 (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSV(gv) :
2622 type == OP_RV2AV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvAV(gv)) :
2623 type == OP_RV2HV ? MUTABLE_SV(GvHV(gv)) : MUTABLE_SV(gv)),
2626 o->op_private |= OPpOUR_INTRO;
2629 else if (type != OP_PADSV &&
2632 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
2634 yyerror(Perl_form(aTHX_ "Can't declare %s in \"%s\"",
2636 PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
2638 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "my"));
2641 else if (attrs && type != OP_PUSHMARK) {
2644 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2645 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2647 /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
2648 stash = PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE(o->op_targ);
2650 stash = PL_curstash;
2651 apply_attrs_my(stash, o, attrs, imopsp);
2653 o->op_flags |= OPf_MOD;
2654 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2656 o->op_private |= OPpPAD_STATE;
2661 Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
2665 int maybe_scalar = 0;
2667 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MY_ATTRS;
2669 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
2670 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
2672 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
2682 o = my_kid(o, attrs, &rops);
2684 if (maybe_scalar && o->op_type == OP_PADSV) {
2685 o = scalar(op_append_list(OP_LIST, rops, o));
2686 o->op_private |= OPpLVAL_INTRO;
2689 /* The listop in rops might have a pushmark at the beginning,
2690 which will mess up list assignment. */
2691 LISTOP * const lrops = (LISTOP *)rops; /* for brevity */
2692 if (rops->op_type == OP_LIST &&
2693 lrops->op_first && lrops->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK)
2695 OP * const pushmark = lrops->op_first;
2696 lrops->op_first = pushmark->op_sibling;
2699 o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
2702 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
2703 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
2708 Perl_sawparens(pTHX_ OP *o)
2710 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2712 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS;
2717 Perl_bind_match(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *left, OP *right)
2721 const OPCODE ltype = left->op_type;
2722 const OPCODE rtype = right->op_type;
2724 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BIND_MATCH;
2726 if ( (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV || ltype == OP_PADAV
2727 || ltype == OP_PADHV) && ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
2729 const char * const desc
2731 rtype == OP_SUBST || rtype == OP_TRANS
2732 || rtype == OP_TRANSR
2734 ? (int)rtype : OP_MATCH];
2735 const bool isary = ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_PADAV;
2738 (ltype == OP_RV2AV || ltype == OP_RV2HV)
2739 ? cUNOPx(left)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
2740 && (gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(left)->op_first))
2741 ? varname(gv, isary ? '@' : '%', 0, NULL, 0, 1)
2744 (GV *)PL_compcv, isary ? '@' : '%', left->op_targ, NULL, 0, 1
2747 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2748 "Applying %s to %"SVf" will act on scalar(%"SVf")",
2751 const char * const sample = (isary
2752 ? "@array" : "%hash");
2753 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
2754 "Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)",
2755 desc, sample, sample);
2759 if (rtype == OP_CONST &&
2760 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
2761 cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
2763 no_bareword_allowed(right);
2766 /* !~ doesn't make sense with /r, so error on it for now */
2767 if (rtype == OP_SUBST && (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT) &&
2769 yyerror("Using !~ with s///r doesn't make sense");
2770 if (rtype == OP_TRANSR && type == OP_NOT)
2771 yyerror("Using !~ with tr///r doesn't make sense");
2773 ismatchop = (rtype == OP_MATCH ||
2774 rtype == OP_SUBST ||
2775 rtype == OP_TRANS || rtype == OP_TRANSR)
2776 && !(right->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL);
2777 if (ismatchop && right->op_private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
2779 right->op_private &= ~OPpTARGET_MY;
2781 if (!(right->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) && ismatchop) {
2784 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2785 if (rtype != OP_MATCH && rtype != OP_TRANSR &&
2786 ! (rtype == OP_TRANS &&
2787 right->op_private & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL) &&
2788 ! (rtype == OP_SUBST &&
2789 (cPMOPx(right)->op_pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT)))
2790 newleft = op_lvalue(left, rtype);
2793 if (right->op_type == OP_TRANS || right->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
2794 o = newBINOP(OP_NULL, OPf_STACKED, scalar(newleft), right);
2796 o = op_prepend_elem(rtype, scalar(newleft), right);
2798 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar(o));
2802 return bind_match(type, left,
2803 pmruntime(newPMOP(OP_MATCH, 0), right, 0, 0));
2807 Perl_invert(pTHX_ OP *o)
2811 return newUNOP(OP_NOT, OPf_SPECIAL, scalar(o));
2815 =for apidoc Amx|OP *|op_scope|OP *o
2817 Wraps up an op tree with some additional ops so that at runtime a dynamic
2818 scope will be created. The original ops run in the new dynamic scope,
2819 and then, provided that they exit normally, the scope will be unwound.
2820 The additional ops used to create and unwind the dynamic scope will
2821 normally be an C<enter>/C<leave> pair, but a C<scope> op may be used
2822 instead if the ops are simple enough to not need the full dynamic scope
2829 Perl_op_scope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2833 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS || PERLDB_NOOPT || PL_tainting) {
2834 o = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, newOP(OP_ENTER, 0), o);
2835 o->op_type = OP_LEAVE;
2836 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_LEAVE];
2838 else if (o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2840 o->op_type = OP_SCOPE;
2841 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SCOPE];
2842 kid = ((LISTOP*)o)->op_first;
2843 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE) {
2846 /* The following deals with things like 'do {1 for 1}' */
2847 kid = kid->op_sibling;
2849 (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE))
2854 o = newLISTOP(OP_SCOPE, 0, o, NULL);
2860 Perl_op_unscope(pTHX_ OP *o)
2862 if (o && o->op_type == OP_LINESEQ) {
2863 OP *kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
2864 for(; kid; kid = kid->op_sibling)
2865 if (kid->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE || kid->op_type == OP_DBSTATE)
2872 Perl_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
2875 const int retval = PL_savestack_ix;
2877 pad_block_start(full);
2879 PL_hints &= ~HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2880 SAVECOMPILEWARNINGS();
2881 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2883 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_start, full);
2889 Perl_block_end(pTHX_ I32 floor, OP *seq)
2892 const int needblockscope = PL_hints & HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
2893 OP* retval = scalarseq(seq);
2896 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_pre_end, &retval);
2899 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, PL_hints);
2901 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; /* propagate out */
2905 /* pad_leavemy has created a sequence of introcv ops for all my
2906 subs declared in the block. We have to replicate that list with
2907 clonecv ops, to deal with this situation:
2912 sub s1 { state sub foo { \&s2 } }
2915 Originally, I was going to have introcv clone the CV and turn
2916 off the stale flag. Since &s1 is declared before &s2, the
2917 introcv op for &s1 is executed (on sub entry) before the one for
2918 &s2. But the &foo sub inside &s1 (which is cloned when &s1 is
2919 cloned, since it is a state sub) closes over &s2 and expects
2920 to see it in its outer CV’s pad. If the introcv op clones &s1,
2921 then &s2 is still marked stale. Since &s1 is not active, and
2922 &foo closes over &s1’s implicit entry for &s2, we get a ‘Varia-
2923 ble will not stay shared’ warning. Because it is the same stub
2924 that will be used when the introcv op for &s2 is executed, clos-
2925 ing over it is safe. Hence, we have to turn off the stale flag
2926 on all lexical subs in the block before we clone any of them.
2927 Hence, having introcv clone the sub cannot work. So we create a
2928 list of ops like this:
2952 OP *kid = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_first : o;
2953 OP * const last = o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS ? cLISTOPo->op_last : o;
2954 for (;; kid = kid->op_sibling) {
2955 OP *newkid = newOP(OP_CLONECV, 0);
2956 newkid->op_targ = kid->op_targ;
2957 o = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, newkid);
2958 if (kid == last) break;
2960 retval = op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, o, retval);
2963 CALL_BLOCK_HOOKS(bhk_post_end, &retval);
2969 =head1 Compile-time scope hooks
2971 =for apidoc Aox||blockhook_register
2973 Register a set of hooks to be called when the Perl lexical scope changes
2974 at compile time. See L<perlguts/"Compile-time scope hooks">.
2980 Perl_blockhook_register(pTHX_ BHK *hk)
2982 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_BLOCKHOOK_REGISTER;
2984 Perl_av_create_and_push(aTHX_ &PL_blockhooks, newSViv(PTR2IV(hk)));
2991 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
2992 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
2993 return newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv));
2996 OP * const o = newOP(OP_PADSV, 0);
2997 o->op_targ = offset;
3003 Perl_newPROG(pTHX_ OP *o)
3007 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPROG;
3014 PL_eval_root = newUNOP(OP_LEAVEEVAL,
3015 ((PL_in_eval & EVAL_KEEPERR)
3016 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0), o);
3018 cx = &cxstack[cxstack_ix];
3019 assert(CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_EVAL);
3021 if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_VOID)
3022 scalarvoid(PL_eval_root);
3023 else if ((cx->blk_gimme & G_WANT) == G_ARRAY)
3026 scalar(PL_eval_root);
3028 PL_eval_start = op_linklist(PL_eval_root);
3029 PL_eval_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3030 OpREFCNT_set(PL_eval_root, 1);
3031 PL_eval_root->op_next = 0;
3032 i = PL_savestack_ix;
3035 CALL_PEEP(PL_eval_start);
3036 finalize_optree(PL_eval_root);
3038 PL_savestack_ix = i;
3041 if (o->op_type == OP_STUB) {
3042 /* This block is entered if nothing is compiled for the main
3043 program. This will be the case for an genuinely empty main
3044 program, or one which only has BEGIN blocks etc, so already
3047 Historically (5.000) the guard above was !o. However, commit
3048 f8a08f7b8bd67b28 (Jun 2001), integrated to blead as
3049 c71fccf11fde0068, changed perly.y so that newPROG() is now
3050 called with the output of block_end(), which returns a new
3051 OP_STUB for the case of an empty optree. ByteLoader (and
3052 maybe other things) also take this path, because they set up
3053 PL_main_start and PL_main_root directly, without generating an
3056 If the parsing the main program aborts (due to parse errors,
3057 or due to BEGIN or similar calling exit), then newPROG()
3058 isn't even called, and hence this code path and its cleanups
3059 are skipped. This shouldn't make a make a difference:
3060 * a non-zero return from perl_parse is a failure, and
3061 perl_destruct() should be called immediately.
3062 * however, if exit(0) is called during the parse, then
3063 perl_parse() returns 0, and perl_run() is called. As
3064 PL_main_start will be NULL, perl_run() will return
3065 promptly, and the exit code will remain 0.
3068 PL_comppad_name = 0;
3070 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ o);
3073 PL_main_root = op_scope(sawparens(scalarvoid(o)));
3074 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3075 PL_main_start = LINKLIST(PL_main_root);
3076 PL_main_root->op_private |= OPpREFCOUNTED;
3077 OpREFCNT_set(PL_main_root, 1);
3078 PL_main_root->op_next = 0;
3079 CALL_PEEP(PL_main_start);
3080 finalize_optree(PL_main_root);
3081 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
3084 /* Register with debugger */
3086 CV * const cv = get_cvs("DB::postponed", 0);
3090 XPUSHs(MUTABLE_SV(CopFILEGV(&PL_compiling)));
3092 call_sv(MUTABLE_SV(cv), G_DISCARD);
3099 Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
3103 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOCALIZE;
3105 if (o->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)
3106 /* [perl #17376]: this appears to be premature, and results in code such as
3107 C< our(%x); > executing in list mode rather than void mode */
3114 if ( PL_parser->bufptr > PL_parser->oldbufptr
3115 && PL_parser->bufptr[-1] == ','
3116 && ckWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS))
3118 char *s = PL_parser->bufptr;
3121 /* some heuristics to detect a potential error */
3122 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3126 if (*s && strchr("@$%*", *s) && *++s
3127 && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s))) {
3130 while (*s && (isALNUM(*s) || UTF8_IS_CONTINUED(*s)))
3132 while (*s && (strchr(", \t\n", *s)))
3138 if (sigil && (*s == ';' || *s == '=')) {
3139 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PARENTHESIS),
3140 "Parentheses missing around \"%s\" list",
3142 ? (PL_parser->in_my == KEY_our
3144 : PL_parser->in_my == KEY_state
3154 o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL); /* a bit kludgey */
3155 PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
3156 PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
3161 Perl_jmaybe(pTHX_ OP *o)
3163 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JMAYBE;
3165 if (o->op_type == OP_LIST) {
3167 = newSVREF(newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv_fetchpvs(";", GV_ADD|GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PV)));
3168 o = convert(OP_JOIN, 0, op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, o2, o));
3173 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3174 S_op_std_init(pTHX_ OP *o)
3176 I32 type = o->op_type;
3178 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_STD_INIT;
3180 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3182 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET && !o->op_targ)
3183 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3188 PERL_STATIC_INLINE OP *
3189 S_op_integerize(pTHX_ OP *o)
3191 I32 type = o->op_type;
3193 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_OP_INTEGERIZE;
3195 /* integerize op. */
3196 if ((PL_opargs[type] & OA_OTHERINT) && (PL_hints & HINT_INTEGER))
3199 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type = ++(o->op_type)];
3202 if (type == OP_NEGATE)
3203 /* XXX might want a ck_negate() for this */
3204 cUNOPo->op_first->op_private &= ~OPpCONST_STRICT;
3210 S_fold_constants(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3215 VOL I32 type = o->op_type;
3220 SV * const oldwarnhook = PL_warnhook;
3221 SV * const olddiehook = PL_diehook;
3225 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_FOLD_CONSTANTS;
3227 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_FOLDCONST))
3241 /* XXX what about the numeric ops? */
3242 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME)
3246 if (!cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling
3247 || cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_type != OP_CONST)
3250 SV * const sv = cSVOPx_sv(cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
3251 if (!SvPOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) goto nope;
3253 const char *s = SvPVX_const(sv);
3254 while (s < SvEND(sv)) {
3255 if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') goto nope;
3262 if (o->op_private & OPpREPEAT_DOLIST) goto nope;
3265 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3266 goto nope; /* Don't try to run w/ errors */
3268 for (curop = LINKLIST(o); curop != o; curop = LINKLIST(curop)) {
3269 const OPCODE type = curop->op_type;
3270 if ((type != OP_CONST || (curop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE)) &&
3272 type != OP_SCALAR &&
3274 type != OP_PUSHMARK)
3280 curop = LINKLIST(o);
3281 old_next = o->op_next;
3285 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
3286 create_eval_scope(G_FAKINGEVAL);
3288 /* Verify that we don't need to save it: */
3289 assert(PL_curcop == &PL_compiling);
3290 StructCopy(&PL_compiling, ¬_compiling, COP);
3291 PL_curcop = ¬_compiling;
3292 /* The above ensures that we run with all the correct hints of the
3293 currently compiling COP, but that IN_PERL_RUNTIME is not true. */
3294 assert(IN_PERL_RUNTIME);
3295 PL_warnhook = PERL_WARNHOOK_FATAL;
3302 sv = *(PL_stack_sp--);
3303 if (o->op_targ && sv == PAD_SV(o->op_targ)) { /* grab pad temp? */
3305 /* Can't simply swipe the SV from the pad, because that relies on
3306 the op being freed "real soon now". Under MAD, this doesn't
3307 happen (see the #ifdef below). */
3310 pad_swipe(o->op_targ, FALSE);
3313 else if (SvTEMP(sv)) { /* grab mortal temp? */
3314 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);
3319 /* Something tried to die. Abandon constant folding. */
3320 /* Pretend the error never happened. */
3322 o->op_next = old_next;
3326 /* Don't expect 1 (setjmp failed) or 2 (something called my_exit) */
3327 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3328 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3329 /* XXX note that this croak may fail as we've already blown away
3330 * the stack - eg any nested evals */
3331 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d", ret);
3334 PL_warnhook = oldwarnhook;
3335 PL_diehook = olddiehook;
3336 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
3338 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
3339 delete_eval_scope();
3348 if (type == OP_RV2GV)
3349 newop = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, MUTABLE_GV(sv));
3351 newop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, OPpCONST_FOLDED<<8, MUTABLE_SV(sv));
3352 op_getmad(o,newop,'f');
3360 S_gen_constant_list(pTHX_ register OP *o)
3364 const I32 oldtmps_floor = PL_tmps_floor;
3367 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->error_count)
3368 return o; /* Don't attempt to run with errors */
3370 PL_op = curop = LINKLIST(o);
3373 Perl_pp_pushmark(aTHX);
3376 assert (!(curop->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL));
3377 assert(curop->op_type == OP_RANGE);
3378 Perl_pp_anonlist(aTHX);
3379 PL_tmps_floor = oldtmps_floor;
3381 o->op_type = OP_RV2AV;
3382 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2AV];
3383 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_REF; /* treat \(1..2) like an ordinary list */
3384 o->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; /* and flatten \(1..2,3) */
3385 o->op_opt = 0; /* needs to be revisited in rpeep() */
3386 curop = ((UNOP*)o)->op_first;
3387 ((UNOP*)o)->op_first = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, SvREFCNT_inc_NN(*PL_stack_sp--));
3389 op_getmad(curop,o,'O');
3398 Perl_convert(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *o)
3401 if (type < 0) type = -type, flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
3402 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3403 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3405 o->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
3407 if (!(PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK))
3408 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3410 OP * const kid2 = cLISTOPo->op_first->op_sibling;
3411 if (kid2 && kid2->op_type == OP_COREARGS) {
3412 op_null(cLISTOPo->op_first);
3413 kid2->op_private |= OPpCOREARGS_PUSHMARK;
3417 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3418 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3419 o->op_flags |= flags;
3421 o = CHECKOP(type, o);
3422 if (o->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3425 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init(o)));
3429 =head1 Optree Manipulation Functions
3432 /* List constructors */
3435 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3437 Append an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3438 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the list-type op,
3439 and I<last> is the op to append to the list. I<optype> specifies the
3440 intended opcode for the list. If I<first> is not already a list of the
3441 right type, it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last>
3442 is null, the other is returned unchanged.
3448 Perl_op_append_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3456 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type
3457 || (type == OP_LIST && (first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)))
3459 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3462 if (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
3463 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = last;
3465 first->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3466 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_first = last;
3468 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = last;
3473 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_append_list|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3475 Concatenate the lists of ops contained directly within two list-type ops,
3476 returning the combined list. I<first> and I<last> are the list-type ops
3477 to concatenate. I<optype> specifies the intended opcode for the list.
3478 If either I<first> or I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3479 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3480 the other is returned unchanged.
3486 Perl_op_append_list(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3494 if (first->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3495 return op_prepend_elem(type, first, last);
3497 if (last->op_type != (unsigned)type)
3498 return op_append_elem(type, first, last);
3500 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3501 ((LISTOP*)first)->op_last = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last;
3502 first->op_flags |= (last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
3505 if (((LISTOP*)last)->op_first && first->op_madprop) {
3506 MADPROP *mp = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop;
3508 while (mp->mad_next)
3510 mp->mad_next = first->op_madprop;
3513 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_madprop = first->op_madprop;
3516 first->op_madprop = last->op_madprop;
3517 last->op_madprop = 0;
3520 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ last);
3526 =for apidoc Am|OP *|op_prepend_elem|I32 optype|OP *first|OP *last
3528 Prepend an item to the list of ops contained directly within a list-type
3529 op, returning the lengthened list. I<first> is the op to prepend to the
3530 list, and I<last> is the list-type op. I<optype> specifies the intended
3531 opcode for the list. If I<last> is not already a list of the right type,
3532 it will be upgraded into one. If either I<first> or I<last> is null,
3533 the other is returned unchanged.
3539 Perl_op_prepend_elem(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *first, OP *last)
3547 if (last->op_type == (unsigned)type) {
3548 if (type == OP_LIST) { /* already a PUSHMARK there */
3549 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling;
3550 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first->op_sibling = first;
3551 if (!(first->op_flags & OPf_PARENS))
3552 last->op_flags &= ~OPf_PARENS;
3555 if (!(last->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)) {
3556 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_last = first;
3557 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3559 first->op_sibling = ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first;
3560 ((LISTOP*)last)->op_first = first;
3562 last->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3566 return newLISTOP(type, 0, first, last);
3574 Perl_newTOKEN(pTHX_ I32 optype, YYSTYPE lval, MADPROP* madprop)
3577 Newxz(tk, 1, TOKEN);
3578 tk->tk_type = (OPCODE)optype;
3579 tk->tk_type = 12345;
3581 tk->tk_mad = madprop;
3586 Perl_token_free(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk)
3588 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_FREE;
3590 if (tk->tk_type != 12345)
3592 mad_free(tk->tk_mad);
3597 Perl_token_getmad(pTHX_ TOKEN* tk, OP* o, char slot)
3602 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_TOKEN_GETMAD;
3604 if (tk->tk_type != 12345) {
3605 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
3606 "Invalid TOKEN object ignored");
3613 /* faked up qw list? */
3615 tm->mad_type == MAD_SV &&
3616 SvPVX((SV *)tm->mad_val)[0] == 'q')
3623 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3624 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3625 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3626 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3628 token_getmad(tk,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3642 if (mp->mad_key == 'X')
3643 mp->mad_key = slot; /* just change the first one */
3653 Perl_op_getmad_weak(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3662 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3663 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3664 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3665 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3667 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3674 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3677 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,0);
3683 Perl_op_getmad(pTHX_ OP* from, OP* o, char slot)
3692 /* pretend constant fold didn't happen? */
3693 if (mp->mad_key == 'f' &&
3694 (o->op_type == OP_CONST ||
3695 o->op_type == OP_GV) )
3697 op_getmad(from,(OP*)mp->mad_val,slot);
3704 mp->mad_next = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3707 o->op_madprop = newMADPROP(slot,MAD_OP,from,1);
3711 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
3712 "DESTROYING op = %0"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(from));
3718 Perl_prepend_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp, OP* o, char slot)
3736 Perl_append_madprops(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, OP* o, char slot)
3740 addmad(tm, &(o->op_madprop), slot);
3744 Perl_addmad(pTHX_ MADPROP* tm, MADPROP** root, char slot)
3765 Perl_newMADsv(pTHX_ char key, SV* sv)
3767 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWMADSV;
3769 return newMADPROP(key, MAD_SV, sv, 0);
3773 Perl_newMADPROP(pTHX_ char key, char type, void* val, I32 vlen)
3775 MADPROP *const mp = (MADPROP *) PerlMemShared_malloc(sizeof(MADPROP));
3778 mp->mad_vlen = vlen;
3779 mp->mad_type = type;
3781 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "NEW mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3786 Perl_mad_free(pTHX_ MADPROP* mp)
3788 /* PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "FREE mp = %0x\n", mp); */
3792 mad_free(mp->mad_next);
3793 /* if (PL_parser && PL_parser->lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING && mp->mad_vlen)
3794 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "DESTROYING '%c'=<%s>\n", mp->mad_key & 255, mp->mad_val); */
3795 switch (mp->mad_type) {
3799 Safefree((char*)mp->mad_val);
3802 if (mp->mad_vlen) /* vlen holds "strong/weak" boolean */
3803 op_free((OP*)mp->mad_val);
3806 sv_free(MUTABLE_SV(mp->mad_val));
3809 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), "Unrecognized mad\n");
3812 PerlMemShared_free(mp);
3818 =head1 Optree construction
3820 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newNULLLIST
3822 Constructs, checks, and returns a new C<stub> op, which represents an
3823 empty list expression.
3829 Perl_newNULLLIST(pTHX)
3831 return newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3835 S_force_list(pTHX_ OP *o)
3837 if (!o || o->op_type != OP_LIST)
3838 o = newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, o, NULL);
3844 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLISTOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3846 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any list type. I<type> is
3847 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3848 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required. I<first> and I<last>
3849 supply up to two ops to be direct children of the list op; they are
3850 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3856 Perl_newLISTOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
3861 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LISTOP);
3863 NewOp(1101, listop, 1, LISTOP);
3865 listop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3866 listop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3869 listop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3873 else if (!first && last)
3876 first->op_sibling = last;
3877 listop->op_first = first;
3878 listop->op_last = last;
3879 if (type == OP_LIST) {
3880 OP* const pushop = newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0);
3881 pushop->op_sibling = first;
3882 listop->op_first = pushop;
3883 listop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
3885 listop->op_last = pushop;
3888 return CHECKOP(type, listop);
3892 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newOP|I32 type|I32 flags
3894 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any base type (any type that
3895 has no extra fields). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
3896 eight bits of C<op_flags>, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
3903 Perl_newOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
3908 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3909 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3910 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3913 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP
3914 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3915 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3916 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
3918 NewOp(1101, o, 1, OP);
3919 o->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3920 o->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3921 o->op_flags = (U8)flags;
3924 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
3925 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
3927 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
3928 o->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
3929 return CHECKOP(type, o);
3933 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newUNOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first
3935 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any unary type. I<type> is
3936 the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that
3937 C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically if required, and, shifted up eight
3938 bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1
3939 is automatically set. I<first> supplies an optional op to be the direct
3940 child of the unary op; it is consumed by this function and become part
3941 of the constructed op tree.
3947 Perl_newUNOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first)
3952 if (type == -OP_ENTEREVAL) {
3953 type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
3954 flags |= OPpEVAL_BYTES<<8;
3957 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_UNOP
3958 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP
3959 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP
3960 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP
3961 || type == OP_SASSIGN
3962 || type == OP_ENTERTRY
3963 || type == OP_NULL );
3966 first = newOP(OP_STUB, 0);
3967 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_MARK)
3968 first = force_list(first);
3970 NewOp(1101, unop, 1, UNOP);
3971 unop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
3972 unop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
3973 unop->op_first = first;
3974 unop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
3975 unop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
3976 unop = (UNOP*) CHECKOP(type, unop);
3980 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *) unop)));
3984 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newBINOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *last
3986 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any binary type. I<type>
3987 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
3988 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
3989 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or
3990 2 is automatically set as required. I<first> and I<last> supply up to
3991 two ops to be the direct children of the binary op; they are consumed
3992 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
3998 Perl_newBINOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *last)
4003 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_BINOP
4004 || type == OP_SASSIGN || type == OP_NULL );
4006 NewOp(1101, binop, 1, BINOP);
4009 first = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
4011 binop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4012 binop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4013 binop->op_first = first;
4014 binop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
4017 binop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
4020 binop->op_private = (U8)(2 | (flags >> 8));
4021 first->op_sibling = last;
4024 binop = (BINOP*)CHECKOP(type, binop);
4025 if (binop->op_next || binop->op_type != (OPCODE)type)
4028 binop->op_last = binop->op_first->op_sibling;
4030 return fold_constants(op_integerize(op_std_init((OP *)binop)));
4033 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4034 __attribute__nonnull__(1)
4035 __attribute__nonnull__(2)
4036 __attribute__pure__;
4037 static int uvcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
4039 if (*((const UV *)a) < (*(const UV *)b))
4041 if (*((const UV *)a) > (*(const UV *)b))
4043 if (*((const UV *)a+1) < (*(const UV *)b+1))
4045 if (*((const UV *)a+1) > (*(const UV *)b+1))
4051 S_pmtrans(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, OP *repl)
4054 SV * const tstr = ((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv;
4057 (repl->op_type == OP_NULL)
4058 ? ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)repl)->op_first)->op_sv :
4060 ((SVOP*)repl)->op_sv;
4063 const U8 *t = (U8*)SvPV_const(tstr, tlen);
4064 const U8 *r = (U8*)SvPV_const(rstr, rlen);
4070 const I32 complement = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
4071 const I32 squash = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
4072 I32 del = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
4075 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMTRANS;
4077 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4080 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4083 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4085 if (o->op_private & (OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF|OPpTRANS_TO_UTF)) {
4086 SV* const listsv = newSVpvs("# comment\n");
4088 const U8* tend = t + tlen;
4089 const U8* rend = r + rlen;
4103 const I32 from_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_FROM_UTF;
4104 const I32 to_utf = o->op_private & OPpTRANS_TO_UTF;
4107 const U32 flags = UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT;
4111 t = tsave = bytes_to_utf8(t, &len);
4114 if (!to_utf && rlen) {
4116 r = rsave = bytes_to_utf8(r, &len);
4120 /* There are several snags with this code on EBCDIC:
4121 1. 0xFF is a legal UTF-EBCDIC byte (there are no illegal bytes).
4122 2. scan_const() in toke.c has encoded chars in native encoding which makes
4123 ranges at least in EBCDIC 0..255 range the bottom odd.
4127 U8 tmpbuf[UTF8_MAXBYTES+1];
4130 Newx(cp, 2*tlen, UV);
4132 transv = newSVpvs("");
4134 cp[2*i] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4136 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) {
4138 cp[2*i+1] = utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend-t, &ulen, flags);
4142 cp[2*i+1] = cp[2*i];
4146 qsort(cp, i, 2*sizeof(UV), uvcompare);
4147 for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
4149 diff = val - nextmin;
4151 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4152 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4154 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4155 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, val - 1);
4156 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4157 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4164 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf,nextmin);
4165 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4167 U8 range_mark = UTF_TO_NATIVE(0xff);
4168 sv_catpvn(transv, (char *)&range_mark, 1);
4170 t = uvuni_to_utf8(tmpbuf, 0x7fffffff);
4171 sv_catpvn(transv, (char*)tmpbuf, t - tmpbuf);
4172 t = (const U8*)SvPVX_const(transv);
4173 tlen = SvCUR(transv);
4177 else if (!rlen && !del) {
4178 r = t; rlen = tlen; rend = tend;
4181 if ((!rlen && !del) || t == r ||
4182 (tlen == rlen && memEQ((char *)t, (char *)r, tlen)))
4184 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4188 while (t < tend || tfirst <= tlast) {
4189 /* see if we need more "t" chars */
4190 if (tfirst > tlast) {
4191 tfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4193 if (t < tend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*t) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4195 tlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(t, tend - t, &ulen, flags);
4202 /* now see if we need more "r" chars */
4203 if (rfirst > rlast) {
4205 rfirst = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4207 if (r < rend && NATIVE_TO_UTF(*r) == 0xff) { /* illegal utf8 val indicates range */
4209 rlast = (I32)utf8n_to_uvuni(r, rend - r, &ulen, flags);
4218 rfirst = rlast = 0xffffffff;
4222 /* now see which range will peter our first, if either. */
4223 tdiff = tlast - tfirst;
4224 rdiff = rlast - rfirst;
4231 if (rfirst == 0xffffffff) {
4232 diff = tdiff; /* oops, pretend rdiff is infinite */
4234 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\tXXXX\n",
4235 (long)tfirst, (long)tlast);
4237 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\tXXXX\n", (long)tfirst);
4241 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t%04lx\t%04lx\n",
4242 (long)tfirst, (long)(tfirst + diff),
4245 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ listsv, "%04lx\t\t%04lx\n",
4246 (long)tfirst, (long)rfirst);
4248 if (rfirst + diff > max)
4249 max = rfirst + diff;
4251 grows = (tfirst < rfirst &&
4252 UNISKIP(tfirst) < UNISKIP(rfirst + diff));
4264 else if (max > 0xff)
4269 swash = MUTABLE_SV(swash_init("utf8", "", listsv, bits, none));
4271 cPADOPo->op_padix = pad_alloc(OP_TRANS, SVs_PADTMP);
4272 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(cPADOPo->op_padix));
4273 PAD_SETSV(cPADOPo->op_padix, swash);
4275 SvREADONLY_on(swash);
4277 cSVOPo->op_sv = swash;
4279 SvREFCNT_dec(listsv);
4280 SvREFCNT_dec(transv);
4282 if (!del && havefinal && rlen)
4283 (void)hv_store(MUTABLE_HV(SvRV(swash)), "FINAL", 5,
4284 newSVuv((UV)final), 0);
4287 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4293 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4294 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4302 tbl = (short*)PerlMemShared_calloc(
4303 (o->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) &&
4304 !(o->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE) ? 258 : 256,
4306 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4308 for (i = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++)
4310 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < 256; i++) {
4312 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4321 if (i < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4331 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4333 else if (j >= (I32)rlen)
4338 PerlMemShared_realloc(tbl,
4339 (0x101+rlen-j) * sizeof(short));
4340 cPVOPo->op_pv = (char*)tbl;
4342 tbl[0x100] = (short)(rlen - j);
4343 for (i=0; i < (I32)rlen - j; i++)
4344 tbl[0x101+i] = r[j+i];
4348 if (!rlen && !del) {
4351 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4353 else if (!squash && rlen == tlen && memEQ((char*)t, (char*)r, tlen)) {
4354 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL;
4356 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
4358 for (i = 0, j = 0; i < (I32)tlen; i++,j++) {
4359 if (j >= (I32)rlen) {
4361 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1)
4367 if (tbl[t[i]] == -1) {
4368 if (t[i] < 128 && r[j] >= 128)
4375 if(del && rlen == tlen) {
4376 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator");
4377 } else if(rlen > tlen) {
4378 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Replacement list is longer than search list");
4382 o->op_private |= OPpTRANS_GROWS;
4384 op_getmad(expr,o,'e');
4385 op_getmad(repl,o,'r');
4395 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPMOP|I32 type|I32 flags
4397 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any pattern matching type.
4398 I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
4399 and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>.
4405 Perl_newPMOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags)
4410 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PMOP);
4412 NewOp(1101, pmop, 1, PMOP);
4413 pmop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4414 pmop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4415 pmop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4416 pmop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4418 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_TAINT)
4419 pmop->op_pmflags |= PMf_RETAINT;
4420 if (IN_LOCALE_COMPILETIME) {
4421 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_LOCALE_CHARSET);
4423 else if ((! (PL_hints & HINT_BYTES))
4424 /* Both UNI_8_BIT and locale :not_characters imply Unicode */
4425 && (PL_hints & (HINT_UNI_8_BIT|HINT_LOCALE_NOT_CHARS)))
4427 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), REGEX_UNICODE_CHARSET);
4429 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_FLAGS) {
4430 SV *reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4431 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags"), 0, 0
4433 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) pmop->op_pmflags |= SvIV(reflags);
4434 reflags = Perl_refcounted_he_fetch_pvn(aTHX_
4435 PL_compiling.cop_hints_hash, STR_WITH_LEN("reflags_charset"), 0, 0
4437 if (reflags && SvOK(reflags)) {
4438 set_regex_charset(&(pmop->op_pmflags), (regex_charset)SvIV(reflags));
4444 assert(SvPOK(PL_regex_pad[0]));
4445 if (SvCUR(PL_regex_pad[0])) {
4446 /* Pop off the "packed" IV from the end. */
4447 SV *const repointer_list = PL_regex_pad[0];
4448 const char *p = SvEND(repointer_list) - sizeof(IV);
4449 const IV offset = *((IV*)p);
4451 assert(SvCUR(repointer_list) % sizeof(IV) == 0);
4453 SvEND_set(repointer_list, p);
4455 pmop->op_pmoffset = offset;
4456 /* This slot should be free, so assert this: */
4457 assert(PL_regex_pad[offset] == &PL_sv_undef);
4459 SV * const repointer = &PL_sv_undef;
4460 av_push(PL_regex_padav, repointer);
4461 pmop->op_pmoffset = av_len(PL_regex_padav);
4462 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
4466 return CHECKOP(type, pmop);
4469 /* Given some sort of match op o, and an expression expr containing a
4470 * pattern, either compile expr into a regex and attach it to o (if it's
4471 * constant), or convert expr into a runtime regcomp op sequence (if it's
4474 * isreg indicates that the pattern is part of a regex construct, eg
4475 * $x =~ /pattern/ or split /pattern/, as opposed to $x =~ $pattern or
4476 * split "pattern", which aren't. In the former case, expr will be a list
4477 * if the pattern contains more than one term (eg /a$b/) or if it contains
4478 * a replacement, ie s/// or tr///.
4480 * When the pattern has been compiled within a new anon CV (for
4481 * qr/(?{...})/ ), then floor indicates the savestack level just before
4482 * the new sub was created
4486 Perl_pmruntime(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *expr, bool isreg, I32 floor)
4491 I32 repl_has_vars = 0;
4493 bool is_trans = (o->op_type == OP_TRANS || o->op_type == OP_TRANSR);
4494 bool is_compiletime;
4497 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PMRUNTIME;
4499 /* for s/// and tr///, last element in list is the replacement; pop it */
4501 if (is_trans || o->op_type == OP_SUBST) {
4503 repl = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last;
4504 kid = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first;
4505 while (kid->op_sibling != repl)
4506 kid = kid->op_sibling;
4507 kid->op_sibling = NULL;
4508 cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last = kid;
4511 /* for TRANS, convert LIST/PUSH/CONST into CONST, and pass to pmtrans() */
4514 OP* const oe = expr;
4515 assert(expr->op_type == OP_LIST);
4516 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK);
4517 assert(cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first->op_sibling == cLISTOPx(expr)->op_last);
4518 expr = cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last;
4519 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_first->op_sibling = NULL;
4520 cLISTOPx(oe)->op_last = NULL;
4523 return pmtrans(o, expr, repl);
4526 /* find whether we have any runtime or code elements;
4527 * at the same time, temporarily set the op_next of each DO block;
4528 * then when we LINKLIST, this will cause the DO blocks to be excluded
4529 * from the op_next chain (and from having LINKLIST recursively
4530 * applied to them). We fix up the DOs specially later */
4534 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4536 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4537 if (o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
4539 assert(!o->op_next && o->op_sibling);
4540 o->op_next = o->op_sibling;
4542 else if (o->op_type != OP_CONST && o->op_type != OP_PUSHMARK)
4546 else if (expr->op_type != OP_CONST)
4551 /* fix up DO blocks; treat each one as a separate little sub */
4553 if (expr->op_type == OP_LIST) {
4555 for (o = cLISTOPx(expr)->op_first; o; o = o->op_sibling) {
4556 if (!(o->op_type == OP_NULL && (o->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL)))
4558 o->op_next = NULL; /* undo temporary hack from above */
4561 if (cLISTOPo->op_first->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
4562 LISTOP *leave = cLISTOPx(cLISTOPo->op_first);
4564 assert(leave->op_first->op_type == OP_ENTER);
4565 assert(leave->op_first->op_sibling);
4566 o->op_next = leave->op_first->op_sibling;
4568 assert(leave->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4569 assert(leave->op_last->op_next = (OP*)leave);
4570 leave->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4571 op_null((OP*)leave);
4575 OP *scope = cLISTOPo->op_first;
4576 assert(scope->op_type == OP_SCOPE);
4577 assert(scope->op_flags & OPf_KIDS);
4578 scope->op_next = NULL; /* stop on last op */
4581 /* have to peep the DOs individually as we've removed it from
4582 * the op_next chain */
4585 /* runtime finalizes as part of finalizing whole tree */
4590 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4592 assert(floor==0 || (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV));
4594 if (is_compiletime) {
4595 U32 rx_flags = pm->op_pmflags & RXf_PMf_COMPILETIME;
4596 regexp_engine const *eng = current_re_engine();
4598 if (!has_code || !eng->op_comp) {
4599 /* compile-time simple constant pattern */
4601 if ((pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) && !has_code) {
4602 /* whoops! we guessed that a qr// had a code block, but we
4603 * were wrong (e.g. /[(?{}]/ ). Throw away the PL_compcv
4604 * that isn't required now. Note that we have to be pretty
4605 * confident that nothing used that CV's pad while the
4606 * regex was parsed */
4607 assert(AvFILLp(PL_comppad) == 0); /* just @_ */
4608 /* But we know that one op is using this CV's slab. */
4609 cv_forget_slab(PL_compcv);
4611 pm->op_pmflags &= ~PMf_HAS_CV;
4616 ? eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4617 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4618 : Perl_re_op_compile(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4619 rx_flags, pm->op_pmflags)
4622 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)pm,'e');
4628 /* compile-time pattern that includes literal code blocks */
4629 REGEXP* re = eng->op_comp(aTHX_ NULL, 0, expr, eng, NULL, NULL,
4632 ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? PMf_USE_RE_EVAL : 0))
4635 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4637 /* this QR op (and the anon sub we embed it in) is never
4638 * actually executed. It's just a placeholder where we can
4639 * squirrel away expr in op_code_list without the peephole
4640 * optimiser etc processing it for a second time */
4641 OP *qr = newPMOP(OP_QR, 0);
4642 ((PMOP*)qr)->op_code_list = expr;
4644 /* handle the implicit sub{} wrapped round the qr/(?{..})/ */
4645 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4646 cv = newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, qr);
4647 ReANY(re)->qr_anoncv = cv;
4649 /* attach the anon CV to the pad so that
4650 * pad_fixup_inner_anons() can find it */
4651 (void)pad_add_anon(cv, o->op_type);
4652 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(cv);
4655 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4660 /* runtime pattern: build chain of regcomp etc ops */
4662 PADOFFSET cv_targ = 0;
4664 reglist = isreg && expr->op_type == OP_LIST;
4669 pm->op_code_list = expr;
4670 /* don't free op_code_list; its ops are embedded elsewhere too */
4671 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CODELIST_PRIVATE;
4674 /* the OP_REGCMAYBE is a placeholder in the non-threaded case
4675 * to allow its op_next to be pointed past the regcomp and
4676 * preceding stacking ops;
4677 * OP_REGCRESET is there to reset taint before executing the
4679 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_KEEP || PL_tainting)
4680 expr = newUNOP((PL_tainting ? OP_REGCRESET : OP_REGCMAYBE),0,expr);
4682 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_HAS_CV) {
4683 /* we have a runtime qr with literal code. This means
4684 * that the qr// has been wrapped in a new CV, which
4685 * means that runtime consts, vars etc will have been compiled
4686 * against a new pad. So... we need to execute those ops
4687 * within the environment of the new CV. So wrap them in a call
4688 * to a new anon sub. i.e. for
4692 * we build an anon sub that looks like
4694 * sub { "a", $b, '(?{...})' }
4696 * and call it, passing the returned list to regcomp.
4697 * Or to put it another way, the list of ops that get executed
4701 * ------ -------------------
4702 * pushmark (for regcomp)
4703 * pushmark (for entersub)
4704 * pushmark (for refgen)
4708 * regcreset regcreset
4710 * const("a") const("a")
4712 * const("(?{...})") const("(?{...})")
4717 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
4718 /* these lines are just an unrolled newANONATTRSUB */
4719 expr = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
4720 MUTABLE_SV(newATTRSUB(floor, 0, NULL, NULL, expr)));
4721 cv_targ = expr->op_targ;
4722 expr = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, expr);
4724 expr = list(force_list(newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar(expr))));
4727 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4728 rcop->op_type = OP_REGCOMP;
4729 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_REGCOMP];
4730 rcop->op_first = scalar(expr);
4731 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS
4732 | ((PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0)
4733 | (reglist ? OPf_STACKED : 0);
4734 rcop->op_private = 0;
4736 rcop->op_targ = cv_targ;
4738 /* /$x/ may cause an eval, since $x might be qr/(?{..})/ */
4739 if (PL_hints & HINT_RE_EVAL) PL_cv_has_eval = 1;
4741 /* establish postfix order */
4742 if (expr->op_type == OP_REGCRESET || expr->op_type == OP_REGCMAYBE) {
4744 rcop->op_next = expr;
4745 ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4748 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(expr);
4749 expr->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4752 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar((OP*)rcop), o);
4758 if (pm->op_pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4759 if (CopLINE(PL_curcop) < (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end)
4760 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, (line_t)PL_parser->multi_end);
4762 /* If we are looking at s//.../e with a single statement, get past
4763 the implicit do{}. */
4764 if (curop->op_type == OP_NULL && curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
4765 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_SCOPE
4766 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
4767 OP *kid = cUNOPx(cUNOPx(curop)->op_first)->op_first;
4768 if (kid->op_type == OP_NULL && kid->op_sibling
4769 && !kid->op_sibling->op_sibling)
4770 curop = kid->op_sibling;
4772 if (curop->op_type == OP_CONST)
4774 else if (( (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
4775 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
4776 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
4777 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV)
4778 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first
4779 && cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV )
4780 || curop->op_type == OP_PADSV
4781 || curop->op_type == OP_PADAV
4782 || curop->op_type == OP_PADHV
4783 || curop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
4791 || !RX_PRELEN(PM_GETRE(pm))
4792 || RX_EXTFLAGS(PM_GETRE(pm)) & RXf_EVAL_SEEN)))
4794 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_CONST; /* const for long enough */
4795 op_prepend_elem(o->op_type, scalar(repl), o);
4798 NewOp(1101, rcop, 1, LOGOP);
4799 rcop->op_type = OP_SUBSTCONT;
4800 rcop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_SUBSTCONT];
4801 rcop->op_first = scalar(repl);
4802 rcop->op_flags |= OPf_KIDS;
4803 rcop->op_private = 1;
4806 /* establish postfix order */
4807 rcop->op_next = LINKLIST(repl);
4808 repl->op_next = (OP*)rcop;
4810 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmreplroot = scalar((OP*)rcop);
4811 assert(!(pm->op_pmflags & PMf_ONCE));
4812 pm->op_pmstashstartu.op_pmreplstart = LINKLIST(rcop);
4821 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4823 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4824 embedded SV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits
4825 of C<op_flags>. I<sv> gives the SV to embed in the op; this function
4826 takes ownership of one reference to it.
4832 Perl_newSVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4837 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWSVOP;
4839 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4840 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4841 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4843 NewOp(1101, svop, 1, SVOP);
4844 svop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4845 svop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4847 svop->op_next = (OP*)svop;
4848 svop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4849 svop->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
4850 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4852 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4853 svop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4854 return CHECKOP(type, svop);
4860 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPADOP|I32 type|I32 flags|SV *sv
4862 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves a
4863 reference to a pad element. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4864 eight bits of C<op_flags>. A pad slot is automatically allocated, and
4865 is populated with I<sv>; this function takes ownership of one reference
4868 This function only exists if Perl has been compiled to use ithreads.
4874 Perl_newPADOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, SV *sv)
4879 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWPADOP;
4881 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_SVOP
4882 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4883 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_FILESTATOP);
4885 NewOp(1101, padop, 1, PADOP);
4886 padop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4887 padop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4888 padop->op_padix = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4889 SvREFCNT_dec(PAD_SVl(padop->op_padix));
4890 PAD_SETSV(padop->op_padix, sv);
4893 padop->op_next = (OP*)padop;
4894 padop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4895 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4897 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4898 padop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4899 return CHECKOP(type, padop);
4902 #endif /* !USE_ITHREADS */
4905 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|GV *gv
4907 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4908 embedded reference to a GV. I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives the
4909 eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<gv> identifies the GV that the op should
4910 reference; calling this function does not transfer ownership of any
4917 Perl_newGVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, GV *gv)
4921 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVOP;
4925 return newPADOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4927 return newSVOP(type, flags, SvREFCNT_inc_simple_NN(gv));
4932 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newPVOP|I32 type|I32 flags|char *pv
4934 Constructs, checks, and returns an op of any type that involves an
4935 embedded C-level pointer (PV). I<type> is the opcode. I<flags> gives
4936 the eight bits of C<op_flags>. I<pv> supplies the C-level pointer, which
4937 must have been allocated using L</PerlMemShared_malloc>; the memory will
4938 be freed when the op is destroyed.
4944 Perl_newPVOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, char *pv)
4947 const bool utf8 = cBOOL(flags & SVf_UTF8);
4952 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_PVOP_OR_SVOP
4954 || (PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
4956 NewOp(1101, pvop, 1, PVOP);
4957 pvop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
4958 pvop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
4960 pvop->op_next = (OP*)pvop;
4961 pvop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
4962 pvop->op_private = utf8 ? OPpPV_IS_UTF8 : 0;
4963 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_RETSCALAR)
4965 if (PL_opargs[type] & OA_TARGET)
4966 pvop->op_targ = pad_alloc(type, SVs_PADTMP);
4967 return CHECKOP(type, pvop);
4975 Perl_package(pTHX_ OP *o)
4978 SV *const sv = cSVOPo->op_sv;
4983 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE;
4985 SAVEGENERICSV(PL_curstash);
4986 save_item(PL_curstname);
4988 PL_curstash = (HV *)SvREFCNT_inc(gv_stashsv(sv, GV_ADD));
4990 sv_setsv(PL_curstname, sv);
4992 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
4993 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
4994 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
4999 if (!PL_madskills) {
5004 pegop = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
5005 op_getmad(o,pegop,'P');
5011 Perl_package_version( pTHX_ OP *v )
5014 U32 savehints = PL_hints;
5015 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PACKAGE_VERSION;
5016 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5017 sv_setsv( GvSV(gv_fetchpvs("VERSION", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)), cSVOPx(v)->op_sv );
5018 PL_hints = savehints;
5027 Perl_utilize(pTHX_ int aver, I32 floor, OP *version, OP *idop, OP *arg)
5034 OP *pegop = PL_madskills ? newOP(OP_NULL,0) : NULL;
5036 SV *use_version = NULL;
5038 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_UTILIZE;
5040 if (idop->op_type != OP_CONST)
5041 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name must be constant");
5044 op_getmad(idop,pegop,'U');
5049 SV * const vesv = ((SVOP*)version)->op_sv;
5052 op_getmad(version,pegop,'V');
5053 if (!arg && !SvNIOKp(vesv)) {
5060 if (version->op_type != OP_CONST || !SvNIOKp(vesv))
5061 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Version number must be a constant number");
5063 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5064 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5066 /* Fake up a method call to VERSION */
5067 meth = newSVpvs_share("VERSION");
5068 veop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5069 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5070 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(version)),
5071 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5075 /* Fake up an import/unimport */
5076 if (arg && arg->op_type == OP_STUB) {
5078 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'S');
5079 imop = arg; /* no import on explicit () */
5081 else if (SvNIOKp(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv)) {
5082 imop = NULL; /* use 5.0; */
5084 use_version = ((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv;
5086 idop->op_private |= OPpCONST_NOVER;
5092 op_getmad(arg,pegop,'A');
5094 /* Make copy of idop so we don't free it twice */
5095 pack = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVsv(((SVOP*)idop)->op_sv));
5097 /* Fake up a method call to import/unimport */
5099 ? newSVpvs_share("import") : newSVpvs_share("unimport");
5100 imop = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED|OPf_SPECIAL,
5101 op_append_elem(OP_LIST,
5102 op_prepend_elem(OP_LIST, pack, list(arg)),
5103 newSVOP(OP_METHOD_NAMED, 0, meth)));
5106 /* Fake up the BEGIN {}, which does its thing immediately. */
5108 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs_share("BEGIN")),
5111 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5112 op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
5113 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, 0, idop)),
5114 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, veop)),
5115 newSTATEOP(0, NULL, imop) ));
5119 * feature bundle that corresponds to the required version. */
5120 use_version = sv_2mortal(new_version(use_version));
5121 S_enable_feature_bundle(aTHX_ use_version);
5123 /* If a version >= 5.11.0 is requested, strictures are on by default! */
5124 if (vcmp(use_version,
5125 sv_2mortal(upg_version(newSVnv(5.011000), FALSE))) >= 0) {
5126 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5127 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5128 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5129 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5130 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5131 PL_hints |= HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5133 /* otherwise they are off */
5135 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_REFS))
5136 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_REFS;
5137 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_SUBS))
5138 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_SUBS;
5139 if (!(PL_hints & HINT_EXPLICIT_STRICT_VARS))
5140 PL_hints &= ~HINT_STRICT_VARS;
5144 /* The "did you use incorrect case?" warning used to be here.
5145 * The problem is that on case-insensitive filesystems one
5146 * might get false positives for "use" (and "require"):
5147 * "use Strict" or "require CARP" will work. This causes
5148 * portability problems for the script: in case-strict
5149 * filesystems the script will stop working.
5151 * The "incorrect case" warning checked whether "use Foo"
5152 * imported "Foo" to your namespace, but that is wrong, too:
5153 * there is no requirement nor promise in the language that
5154 * a Foo.pm should or would contain anything in package "Foo".
5156 * There is very little Configure-wise that can be done, either:
5157 * the case-sensitivity of the build filesystem of Perl does not
5158 * help in guessing the case-sensitivity of the runtime environment.
5161 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5162 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5163 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
5164 PL_cop_seqmax++; /* Purely for B::*'s benefit */
5165 if (PL_cop_seqmax == PERL_PADSEQ_INTRO) /* not a legal value */
5174 =head1 Embedding Functions
5176 =for apidoc load_module
5178 Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name.
5179 Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given.
5180 Eg, "Foo::Bar" instead of "Foo/Bar.pm". flags can be any of
5181 PERL_LOADMOD_DENY, PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, or PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS
5182 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified and not NULL, provides version semantics
5183 similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION>. The optional trailing SV*
5184 arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's import()
5185 method, similar to C<use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST>. They must be
5186 terminated with a final NULL pointer. Note that this list can only
5187 be omitted when the PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT flag has been used.
5188 Otherwise at least a single NULL pointer to designate the default
5189 import list is required.
5191 The reference count for each specified C<SV*> parameter is decremented.
5196 Perl_load_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5200 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE;
5202 va_start(args, ver);
5203 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5207 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
5209 Perl_load_module_nocontext(U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, ...)
5213 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOAD_MODULE_NOCONTEXT;
5214 va_start(args, ver);
5215 vload_module(flags, name, ver, &args);
5221 Perl_vload_module(pTHX_ U32 flags, SV *name, SV *ver, va_list *args)
5225 OP * const modname = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, name);
5227 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_VLOAD_MODULE;
5229 modname->op_private |= OPpCONST_BARE;
5231 veop = newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, ver);
5235 if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT) {
5236 imop = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
5238 else if (flags & PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS) {
5239 imop = va_arg(*args, OP*);
5244 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5246 imop = op_append_elem(OP_LIST, imop, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, sv));
5247 sv = va_arg(*args, SV*);
5251 /* utilize() fakes up a BEGIN { require ..; import ... }, so make sure
5252 * that it has a PL_parser to play with while doing that, and also
5253 * that it doesn't mess with any existing parser, by creating a tmp
5254 * new parser with lex_start(). This won't actually be used for much,
5255 * since pp_require() will create another parser for the real work. */
5258 SAVEVPTR(PL_curcop);
5259 lex_start(NULL, NULL, LEX_START_SAME_FILTER);
5260 utilize(!(flags & PERL_LOADMOD_DENY), start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
5261 veop, modname, imop);
5266 Perl_dofile(pTHX_ OP *term, I32 force_builtin)
5272 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DOFILE;
5274 if (!force_builtin) {
5275 gv = gv_fetchpvs("do", GV_NOTQUAL, SVt_PVCV);
5276 if (!(gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv))) {
5277 GV * const * const gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_globalstash, "do", FALSE);
5278 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
5282 if (gv && GvCVu(gv) && GvIMPORTED_CV(gv)) {
5283 doop = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
5284 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, term,
5285 scalar(newUNOP(OP_RV2CV, 0,
5286 newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, gv)))));
5289 doop = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar(term));
5295 =head1 Optree construction
5297 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSLICEOP|I32 flags|OP *subscript|OP *listval
5299 Constructs, checks, and returns an C<lslice> (list slice) op. I<flags>
5300 gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS> will
5301 be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5302 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5303 set as required. I<listval> and I<subscript> supply the parameters of
5304 the slice; they are consumed by this function and become part of the
5305 constructed op tree.
5311 Perl_newSLICEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *subscript, OP *listval)
5313 return newBINOP(OP_LSLICE, flags,
5314 list(force_list(subscript)),
5315 list(force_list(listval)) );
5319 S_is_list_assignment(pTHX_ register const OP *o)
5327 if ((o->op_type == OP_NULL) && (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5328 o = cUNOPo->op_first;
5330 flags = o->op_flags;
5332 if (type == OP_COND_EXPR) {
5333 const I32 t = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling);
5334 const I32 f = is_list_assignment(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling->op_sibling);
5339 yyerror("Assignment to both a list and a scalar");
5343 if (type == OP_LIST &&
5344 (flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR &&
5345 o->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5348 if (type == OP_LIST || flags & OPf_PARENS ||
5349 type == OP_RV2AV || type == OP_RV2HV ||
5350 type == OP_ASLICE || type == OP_HSLICE)
5353 if (type == OP_PADAV || type == OP_PADHV)
5356 if (type == OP_RV2SV)
5363 Helper function for newASSIGNOP to detection commonality between the
5364 lhs and the rhs. Marks all variables with PL_generation. If it
5365 returns TRUE the assignment must be able to handle common variables.
5367 PERL_STATIC_INLINE bool
5368 S_aassign_common_vars(pTHX_ OP* o)
5371 for (curop = cUNOPo->op_first; curop; curop=curop->op_sibling) {
5372 if (PL_opargs[curop->op_type] & OA_DANGEROUS) {
5373 if (curop->op_type == OP_GV) {
5374 GV *gv = cGVOPx_gv(curop);
5376 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5378 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5380 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5381 curop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5382 curop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5383 curop->op_type == OP_PADANY)
5385 if (PAD_COMPNAME_GEN(curop->op_targ)
5386 == (STRLEN)PL_generation)
5388 PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set(curop->op_targ, PL_generation);
5391 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2CV)
5393 else if (curop->op_type == OP_RV2SV ||
5394 curop->op_type == OP_RV2AV ||
5395 curop->op_type == OP_RV2HV ||
5396 curop->op_type == OP_RV2GV) {
5397 if (cUNOPx(curop)->op_first->op_type != OP_GV) /* funny deref? */
5400 else if (curop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE) {
5402 if (((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff) {
5403 GV *const gv = MUTABLE_GV(PAD_SVl(((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff));
5405 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5407 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5411 = ((PMOP*)curop)->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv;
5414 || (int)GvASSIGN_GENERATION(gv) == PL_generation)
5416 GvASSIGN_GENERATION_set(gv, PL_generation);
5424 if (curop->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
5425 if (aassign_common_vars(curop))
5433 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newASSIGNOP|I32 flags|OP *left|I32 optype|OP *right
5435 Constructs, checks, and returns an assignment op. I<left> and I<right>
5436 supply the parameters of the assignment; they are consumed by this
5437 function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5439 If I<optype> is C<OP_ANDASSIGN>, C<OP_ORASSIGN>, or C<OP_DORASSIGN>, then
5440 a suitable conditional optree is constructed. If I<optype> is the opcode
5441 of a binary operator, such as C<OP_BIT_OR>, then an op is constructed that
5442 performs the binary operation and assigns the result to the left argument.
5443 Either way, if I<optype> is non-zero then I<flags> has no effect.
5445 If I<optype> is zero, then a plain scalar or list assignment is
5446 constructed. Which type of assignment it is is automatically determined.
5447 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5448 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits
5449 of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 or 2 is automatically
5456 Perl_newASSIGNOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, I32 optype, OP *right)
5462 if (optype == OP_ANDASSIGN || optype == OP_ORASSIGN || optype == OP_DORASSIGN) {
5463 return newLOGOP(optype, 0,
5464 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype),
5465 newUNOP(OP_SASSIGN, 0, scalar(right)));
5468 return newBINOP(optype, OPf_STACKED,
5469 op_lvalue(scalar(left), optype), scalar(right));
5473 if (is_list_assignment(left)) {
5474 static const char no_list_state[] = "Initialization of state variables"
5475 " in list context currently forbidden";
5477 bool maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5480 left = op_lvalue(left, OP_AASSIGN);
5481 curop = list(force_list(left));
5482 o = newBINOP(OP_AASSIGN, flags, list(force_list(right)), curop);
5483 o->op_private = (U8)(0 | (flags >> 8));
5485 if ((left->op_type == OP_LIST
5486 || (left->op_type == OP_NULL && left->op_targ == OP_LIST)))
5488 OP* lop = ((LISTOP*)left)->op_first;
5489 maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5491 if (lop->op_type == OP_PADSV ||
5492 lop->op_type == OP_PADAV ||
5493 lop->op_type == OP_PADHV ||
5494 lop->op_type == OP_PADANY) {
5495 if (!(lop->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO))
5496 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5498 if (lop->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5499 if (left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
5500 /* Each variable in state($a, $b, $c) = ... */
5503 /* Each state variable in
5504 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5506 yyerror(no_list_state);
5508 /* Each my variable in
5509 (state $a, my $b, our $c, $d, undef) = ... */
5511 } else if (lop->op_type == OP_UNDEF ||
5512 lop->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK) {
5513 /* undef may be interesting in
5514 (state $a, undef, state $c) */
5516 /* Other ops in the list. */
5517 maybe_common_vars = TRUE;
5519 lop = lop->op_sibling;
5522 else if ((left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO)
5523 && ( left->op_type == OP_PADSV
5524 || left->op_type == OP_PADAV
5525 || left->op_type == OP_PADHV
5526 || left->op_type == OP_PADANY))
5528 if (left->op_type == OP_PADSV) maybe_common_vars = FALSE;
5529 if (left->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE) {
5530 /* All single variable list context state assignments, hence
5540 yyerror(no_list_state);
5544 /* PL_generation sorcery:
5545 * an assignment like ($a,$b) = ($c,$d) is easier than
5546 * ($a,$b) = ($c,$a), since there is no need for temporary vars.
5547 * To detect whether there are common vars, the global var
5548 * PL_generation is incremented for each assign op we compile.
5549 * Then, while compiling the assign op, we run through all the
5550 * variables on both sides of the assignment, setting a spare slot
5551 * in each of them to PL_generation. If any of them already have
5552 * that value, we know we've got commonality. We could use a
5553 * single bit marker, but then we'd have to make 2 passes, first
5554 * to clear the flag, then to test and set it. To find somewhere
5555 * to store these values, evil chicanery is done with SvUVX().
5558 if (maybe_common_vars) {
5560 if (aassign_common_vars(o))
5561 o->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_COMMON;
5565 if (right && right->op_type == OP_SPLIT && !PL_madskills) {
5566 OP* tmpop = ((LISTOP*)right)->op_first;
5567 if (tmpop && (tmpop->op_type == OP_PUSHRE)) {
5568 PMOP * const pm = (PMOP*)tmpop;
5569 if (left->op_type == OP_RV2AV &&
5570 !(left->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) &&
5571 !(o->op_private & OPpASSIGN_COMMON) )
5573 tmpop = ((UNOP*)left)->op_first;
5574 if (tmpop->op_type == OP_GV
5576 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5578 && !pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5582 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetoff
5583 = cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix;
5584 cPADOPx(tmpop)->op_padix = 0; /* steal it */
5586 pm->op_pmreplrootu.op_pmtargetgv
5587 = MUTABLE_GV(cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv);
5588 cSVOPx(tmpop)->op_sv = NULL; /* steal it */
5590 pm->op_pmflags |= PMf_ONCE;
5591 tmpop = cUNOPo->op_first; /* to list (nulled) */
5592 tmpop = ((UNOP*)tmpop)->op_first; /* to pushmark */
5593 tmpop->op_sibling = NULL; /* don't free split */
5594 right->op_next = tmpop->op_next; /* fix starting loc */
5595 op_free(o); /* blow off assign */
5596 right->op_flags &= ~OPf_WANT;
5597 /* "I don't know and I don't care." */
5602 if (PL_modcount < RETURN_UNLIMITED_NUMBER &&
5603 ((LISTOP*)right)->op_last->op_type == OP_CONST)
5605 SV *sv = ((SVOP*)((LISTOP*)right)->op_last)->op_sv;
5606 if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) == 0)
5607 sv_setiv(sv, PL_modcount+1);
5615 right = newOP(OP_UNDEF, 0);
5616 if (right->op_type == OP_READLINE) {
5617 right->op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
5618 return newBINOP(OP_NULL, flags, op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN),
5622 o = newBINOP(OP_SASSIGN, flags,
5623 scalar(right), op_lvalue(scalar(left), OP_SASSIGN) );
5629 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newSTATEOP|I32 flags|char *label|OP *o
5631 Constructs a state op (COP). The state op is normally a C<nextstate> op,
5632 but will be a C<dbstate> op if debugging is enabled for currently-compiled
5633 code. The state op is populated from L</PL_curcop> (or L</PL_compiling>).
5634 If I<label> is non-null, it supplies the name of a label to attach to
5635 the state op; this function takes ownership of the memory pointed at by
5636 I<label>, and will free it. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>
5639 If I<o> is null, the state op is returned. Otherwise the state op is
5640 combined with I<o> into a C<lineseq> list op, which is returned. I<o>
5641 is consumed by this function and becomes part of the returned op tree.
5647 Perl_newSTATEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, char *label, OP *o)
5650 const U32 seq = intro_my();
5651 const U32 utf8 = flags & SVf_UTF8;
5656 NewOp(1101, cop, 1, COP);
5657 if (PERLDB_LINE && CopLINE(PL_curcop) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
5658 cop->op_type = OP_DBSTATE;
5659 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_DBSTATE ];
5662 cop->op_type = OP_NEXTSTATE;
5663 cop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[ OP_NEXTSTATE ];
5665 cop->op_flags = (U8)flags;
5666 CopHINTS_set(cop, PL_hints);
5668 cop->op_private |= NATIVE_HINTS;
5670 CopHINTS_set(&PL_compiling, CopHINTS_get(cop));
5671 cop->op_next = (OP*)cop;
5674 cop->cop_warnings = DUP_WARNINGS(PL_curcop->cop_warnings);
5675 CopHINTHASH_set(cop, cophh_copy(CopHINTHASH_get(PL_curcop)));
5677 Perl_cop_store_label(aTHX_ cop, label, strlen(label), utf8);
5679 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
5680 /* It seems that we need to defer freeing this pointer, as other parts
5681 of the grammar end up wanting to copy it after this op has been
5686 if (PL_parser && PL_parser->copline == NOLINE)
5687 CopLINE_set(cop, CopLINE(PL_curcop));
5689 CopLINE_set(cop, PL_parser->copline);
5690 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
5693 CopFILE_set(cop, CopFILE(PL_curcop)); /* XXX share in a pvtable? */
5695 CopFILEGV_set(cop, CopFILEGV(PL_curcop));
5697 CopSTASH_set(cop, PL_curstash);
5699 if ((PERLDB_LINE || PERLDB_SAVESRC) && PL_curstash != PL_debstash) {
5700 /* this line can have a breakpoint - store the cop in IV */
5701 AV *av = CopFILEAVx(PL_curcop);
5703 SV * const * const svp = av_fetch(av, (I32)CopLINE(cop), FALSE);
5704 if (svp && *svp != &PL_sv_undef ) {
5705 (void)SvIOK_on(*svp);
5706 SvIV_set(*svp, PTR2IV(cop));
5711 if (flags & OPf_SPECIAL)
5713 return op_prepend_elem(OP_LINESEQ, (OP*)cop, o);
5717 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOGOP|I32 type|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *other
5719 Constructs, checks, and returns a logical (flow control) op. I<type>
5720 is the opcode. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except
5721 that C<OPf_KIDS> will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits,
5722 the eight bits of C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 is
5723 automatically set. I<first> supplies the expression controlling the
5724 flow, and I<other> supplies the side (alternate) chain of ops; they are
5725 consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5731 Perl_newLOGOP(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP *first, OP *other)
5735 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWLOGOP;
5737 return new_logop(type, flags, &first, &other);
5741 S_search_const(pTHX_ OP *o)
5743 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SEARCH_CONST;
5745 switch (o->op_type) {
5749 if (o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
5750 return search_const(cUNOPo->op_first);
5757 if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
5759 kid = cLISTOPo->op_first;
5761 switch (kid->op_type) {
5765 kid = kid->op_sibling;
5768 if (kid != cLISTOPo->op_last)
5774 kid = cLISTOPo->op_last;
5776 return search_const(kid);
5784 S_new_logop(pTHX_ I32 type, I32 flags, OP** firstp, OP** otherp)
5792 int prepend_not = 0;
5794 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEW_LOGOP;
5799 if (type == OP_XOR) /* Not short circuit, but here by precedence. */
5800 return newBINOP(type, flags, scalar(first), scalar(other));
5802 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOGOP);
5804 scalarboolean(first);
5805 /* optimize AND and OR ops that have NOTs as children */
5806 if (first->op_type == OP_NOT
5807 && (first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS)
5808 && ((first->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) /* unless ($x) { } */
5809 || (other->op_type == OP_NOT)) /* if (!$x && !$y) { } */
5811 if (type == OP_AND || type == OP_OR) {
5817 if (other->op_type == OP_NOT) { /* !a AND|OR !b => !(a OR|AND b) */
5819 prepend_not = 1; /* prepend a NOT op later */
5823 /* search for a constant op that could let us fold the test */
5824 if ((cstop = search_const(first))) {
5825 if (cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
5826 no_bareword_allowed(cstop);
5827 else if ((cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE))
5828 Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_BAREWORD), "Bareword found in conditional");
5829 if ((type == OP_AND && SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv)) ||
5830 (type == OP_OR && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv)) ||
5831 (type == OP_DOR && !SvOK(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv))) {
5833 if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
5834 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
5836 OP *newop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, other);
5837 op_getmad(first, newop, '1');
5838 newop->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
5842 if (other->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
5843 other = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, other);
5844 else if (other->op_type == OP_MATCH
5845 || other->op_type == OP_SUBST
5846 || other->op_type == OP_TRANSR
5847 || other->op_type == OP_TRANS)
5848 /* Mark the op as being unbindable with =~ */
5849 other->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
5850 else if (other->op_type == OP_CONST)
5851 other->op_private |= OPpCONST_FOLDED;
5855 /* check for C<my $x if 0>, or C<my($x,$y) if 0> */
5856 const OP *o2 = other;
5857 if ( ! (o2->op_type == OP_LIST
5858 && (( o2 = cUNOPx(o2)->op_first))
5859 && o2->op_type == OP_PUSHMARK
5860 && (( o2 = o2->op_sibling)) )
5863 if ((o2->op_type == OP_PADSV || o2->op_type == OP_PADAV
5864 || o2->op_type == OP_PADHV)
5865 && o2->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO
5866 && !(o2->op_private & OPpPAD_STATE))
5868 Perl_ck_warner_d(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED),
5869 "Deprecated use of my() in false conditional");
5873 if (first->op_type == OP_CONST)
5874 first->op_private |= OPpCONST_SHORTCIRCUIT;
5876 first = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, first);
5877 op_getmad(other, first, '2');
5878 first->op_targ = type; /* set "was" field */
5885 else if ((first->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) && type != OP_DOR
5886 && ckWARN(WARN_MISC)) /* [#24076] Don't warn for <FH> err FOO. */
5888 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)first)->op_first;
5889 const OP * const k2 = k1->op_sibling;
5891 switch (first->op_type)
5894 if (k2 && k2->op_type == OP_READLINE
5895 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
5896 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
5898 warnop = k2->op_type;
5903 if (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
5904 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
5905 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
5906 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
5907 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH)
5909 warnop = ((k1->op_type == OP_NULL)
5910 ? (OPCODE)k1->op_targ : k1->op_type);
5915 const line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
5916 /* This ensures that warnings are reported at the first line
5917 of the construction, not the last. */
5918 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, PL_parser->copline);
5919 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
5920 "Value of %s%s can be \"0\"; test with defined()",
5922 ((warnop == OP_READLINE || warnop == OP_GLOB)
5923 ? " construct" : "() operator"));
5924 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
5931 if (type == OP_ANDASSIGN || type == OP_ORASSIGN || type == OP_DORASSIGN)
5932 other->op_private |= OPpASSIGN_BACKWARDS; /* other is an OP_SASSIGN */
5934 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
5936 logop->op_type = (OPCODE)type;
5937 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
5938 logop->op_first = first;
5939 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
5940 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(other);
5941 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
5943 /* establish postfix order */
5944 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(first);
5945 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
5946 first->op_sibling = other;
5948 CHECKOP(type,logop);
5950 o = newUNOP(prepend_not ? OP_NOT : OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
5957 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newCONDOP|I32 flags|OP *first|OP *trueop|OP *falseop
5959 Constructs, checks, and returns a conditional-expression (C<cond_expr>)
5960 op. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags>, except that C<OPf_KIDS>
5961 will be set automatically, and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of
5962 C<op_private>, except that the bit with value 1 is automatically set.
5963 I<first> supplies the expression selecting between the two branches,
5964 and I<trueop> and I<falseop> supply the branches; they are consumed by
5965 this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
5971 Perl_newCONDOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *first, OP *trueop, OP *falseop)
5979 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWCONDOP;
5982 return newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, first, trueop);
5984 return newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, first, falseop);
5986 scalarboolean(first);
5987 if ((cstop = search_const(first))) {
5988 /* Left or right arm of the conditional? */
5989 const bool left = SvTRUE(((SVOP*)cstop)->op_sv);
5990 OP *live = left ? trueop : falseop;
5991 OP *const dead = left ? falseop : trueop;
5992 if (cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_BARE &&
5993 cstop->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT) {
5994 no_bareword_allowed(cstop);
5997 /* This is all dead code when PERL_MAD is not defined. */
5998 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, live);
5999 op_getmad(first, live, 'C');
6000 op_getmad(dead, live, left ? 'e' : 't');
6005 if (live->op_type == OP_LEAVE)
6006 live = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, live);
6007 else if (live->op_type == OP_MATCH || live->op_type == OP_SUBST
6008 || live->op_type == OP_TRANS || live->op_type == OP_TRANSR)
6009 /* Mark the op as being unbindable with =~ */
6010 live->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6011 else if (live->op_type == OP_CONST)
6012 live->op_private |= OPpCONST_FOLDED;
6015 NewOp(1101, logop, 1, LOGOP);
6016 logop->op_type = OP_COND_EXPR;
6017 logop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_COND_EXPR];
6018 logop->op_first = first;
6019 logop->op_flags = (U8)(flags | OPf_KIDS);
6020 logop->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
6021 logop->op_other = LINKLIST(trueop);
6022 logop->op_next = LINKLIST(falseop);
6024 CHECKOP(OP_COND_EXPR, /* that's logop->op_type */
6027 /* establish postfix order */
6028 start = LINKLIST(first);
6029 first->op_next = (OP*)logop;
6031 first->op_sibling = trueop;
6032 trueop->op_sibling = falseop;
6033 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, (OP*)logop);
6035 trueop->op_next = falseop->op_next = o;
6042 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newRANGE|I32 flags|OP *left|OP *right
6044 Constructs and returns a C<range> op, with subordinate C<flip> and
6045 C<flop> ops. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the
6046 C<flip> op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private>
6047 for both the C<flip> and C<range> ops, except that the bit with value
6048 1 is automatically set. I<left> and I<right> supply the expressions
6049 controlling the endpoints of the range; they are consumed by this function
6050 and become part of the constructed op tree.
6056 Perl_newRANGE(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *left, OP *right)
6065 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWRANGE;
6067 NewOp(1101, range, 1, LOGOP);
6069 range->op_type = OP_RANGE;
6070 range->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RANGE];
6071 range->op_first = left;
6072 range->op_flags = OPf_KIDS;
6073 leftstart = LINKLIST(left);
6074 range->op_other = LINKLIST(right);
6075 range->op_private = (U8)(1 | (flags >> 8));
6077 left->op_sibling = right;
6079 range->op_next = (OP*)range;
6080 flip = newUNOP(OP_FLIP, flags, (OP*)range);
6081 flop = newUNOP(OP_FLOP, 0, flip);
6082 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, flop);
6084 range->op_next = leftstart;
6086 left->op_next = flip;
6087 right->op_next = flop;
6089 range->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
6090 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(range->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
6091 flip->op_targ = pad_alloc(OP_RANGE, SVs_PADMY);
6092 sv_upgrade(PAD_SV(flip->op_targ), SVt_PVNV);
6094 flip->op_private = left->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
6095 flop->op_private = right->op_type == OP_CONST ? OPpFLIP_LINENUM : 0;
6097 /* check barewords before they might be optimized aways */
6098 if (flip->op_private && cSVOPx(left)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
6099 no_bareword_allowed(left);
6100 if (flop->op_private && cSVOPx(right)->op_private & OPpCONST_STRICT)
6101 no_bareword_allowed(right);
6104 if (!flip->op_private || !flop->op_private)
6105 LINKLIST(o); /* blow off optimizer unless constant */
6111 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOOPOP|I32 flags|I32 debuggable|OP *expr|OP *block
6113 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a loop. This is
6114 only a loop in the control flow through the op tree; it does not have
6115 the heavyweight loop structure that allows exiting the loop by C<last>
6116 and suchlike. I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the
6117 top-level op, except that some bits will be set automatically as required.
6118 I<expr> supplies the expression controlling loop iteration, and I<block>
6119 supplies the body of the loop; they are consumed by this function and
6120 become part of the constructed op tree. I<debuggable> is currently
6121 unused and should always be 1.
6127 Perl_newLOOPOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, OP *expr, OP *block)
6132 const bool once = block && block->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL &&
6133 (block->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB || block->op_type == OP_NULL);
6135 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
6138 if (once && expr->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(((SVOP*)expr)->op_sv))
6139 return block; /* do {} while 0 does once */
6140 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE
6141 || expr->op_type == OP_READDIR
6142 || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
6143 || expr->op_type == OP_EACH || expr->op_type == OP_AEACH
6144 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
6145 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
6146 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
6147 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
6148 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
6149 const OP * const k2 = k1 ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
6150 switch (expr->op_type) {
6152 if (k2 && (k2->op_type == OP_READLINE || k2->op_type == OP_READDIR)
6153 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
6154 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
6155 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6159 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
6160 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
6161 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
6162 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
6163 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH))
6164 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6170 /* if block is null, the next op_append_elem() would put UNSTACK, a scalar
6171 * op, in listop. This is wrong. [perl #27024] */
6173 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
6174 listop = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, block, newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0));
6175 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
6178 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next = LINKLIST(o);
6180 if (once && o != listop)
6181 o->op_next = ((LOGOP*)cUNOPo->op_first)->op_other;
6184 o = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, o); /* or do {} while 1 loses outer block */
6186 o->op_flags |= flags;
6188 o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL; /* suppress POPBLOCK curpm restoration*/
6193 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newWHILEOP|I32 flags|I32 debuggable|LOOP *loop|OP *expr|OP *block|OP *cont|I32 has_my
6195 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<while> loop.
6196 This is a heavyweight loop, with structure that allows exiting the loop
6197 by C<last> and suchlike.
6199 I<loop> is an optional preconstructed C<enterloop> op to use in the
6200 loop; if it is null then a suitable op will be constructed automatically.
6201 I<expr> supplies the loop's controlling expression. I<block> supplies the
6202 main body of the loop, and I<cont> optionally supplies a C<continue> block
6203 that operates as a second half of the body. All of these optree inputs
6204 are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
6206 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the C<leaveloop>
6207 op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private> for
6208 the C<leaveloop> op, except that (in both cases) some bits will be set
6209 automatically. I<debuggable> is currently unused and should always be 1.
6210 I<has_my> can be supplied as true to force the
6211 loop body to be enclosed in its own scope.
6217 Perl_newWHILEOP(pTHX_ I32 flags, I32 debuggable, LOOP *loop,
6218 OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont, I32 has_my)
6227 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(debuggable);
6230 if (expr->op_type == OP_READLINE
6231 || expr->op_type == OP_READDIR
6232 || expr->op_type == OP_GLOB
6233 || expr->op_type == OP_EACH || expr->op_type == OP_AEACH
6234 || (expr->op_type == OP_NULL && expr->op_targ == OP_GLOB)) {
6235 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0,
6236 newASSIGNOP(0, newDEFSVOP(), 0, expr) );
6237 } else if (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) {
6238 const OP * const k1 = ((UNOP*)expr)->op_first;
6239 const OP * const k2 = (k1) ? k1->op_sibling : NULL;
6240 switch (expr->op_type) {
6242 if (k2 && (k2->op_type == OP_READLINE || k2->op_type == OP_READDIR)
6243 && (k2->op_flags & OPf_STACKED)
6244 && ((k1->op_flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR))
6245 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6249 if (k1 && (k1->op_type == OP_READDIR
6250 || k1->op_type == OP_GLOB
6251 || (k1->op_type == OP_NULL && k1->op_targ == OP_GLOB)
6252 || k1->op_type == OP_EACH
6253 || k1->op_type == OP_AEACH))
6254 expr = newUNOP(OP_DEFINED, 0, expr);
6261 block = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
6262 else if (cont || has_my) {
6263 block = op_scope(block);
6267 next = LINKLIST(cont);
6270 OP * const unstack = newOP(OP_UNSTACK, 0);
6273 cont = op_append_elem(OP_LINESEQ, cont, unstack);
6277 listop = op_append_list(OP_LINESEQ, block, cont);
6279 redo = LINKLIST(listop);
6283 o = new_logop(OP_AND, 0, &expr, &listop);
6284 if (o == expr && o->op_type == OP_CONST && !SvTRUE(cSVOPo->op_sv)) {
6286 return expr; /* listop already freed by new_logop */
6289 ((LISTOP*)listop)->op_last->op_next =
6290 (o == listop ? redo : LINKLIST(o));
6296 NewOp(1101,loop,1,LOOP);
6297 loop->op_type = OP_ENTERLOOP;
6298 loop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERLOOP];
6299 loop->op_private = 0;
6300 loop->op_next = (OP*)loop;
6303 o = newBINOP(OP_LEAVELOOP, 0, (OP*)loop, o);
6305 loop->op_redoop = redo;
6306 loop->op_lastop = o;
6307 o->op_private |= loopflags;
6310 loop->op_nextop = next;
6312 loop->op_nextop = o;
6314 o->op_flags |= flags;
6315 o->op_private |= (flags >> 8);
6320 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newFOROP|I32 flags|OP *sv|OP *expr|OP *block|OP *cont
6322 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<foreach>
6323 loop (iteration through a list of values). This is a heavyweight loop,
6324 with structure that allows exiting the loop by C<last> and suchlike.
6326 I<sv> optionally supplies the variable that will be aliased to each
6327 item in turn; if null, it defaults to C<$_> (either lexical or global).
6328 I<expr> supplies the list of values to iterate over. I<block> supplies
6329 the main body of the loop, and I<cont> optionally supplies a C<continue>
6330 block that operates as a second half of the body. All of these optree
6331 inputs are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed
6334 I<flags> gives the eight bits of C<op_flags> for the C<leaveloop>
6335 op and, shifted up eight bits, the eight bits of C<op_private> for
6336 the C<leaveloop> op, except that (in both cases) some bits will be set
6343 Perl_newFOROP(pTHX_ I32 flags, OP *sv, OP *expr, OP *block, OP *cont)
6348 PADOFFSET padoff = 0;
6353 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWFOROP;
6356 if (sv->op_type == OP_RV2SV) { /* symbol table variable */
6357 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpOUR_INTRO; /* for our $x () */
6358 sv->op_type = OP_RV2GV;
6359 sv->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RV2GV];
6361 /* The op_type check is needed to prevent a possible segfault
6362 * if the loop variable is undeclared and 'strict vars' is in
6363 * effect. This is illegal but is nonetheless parsed, so we
6364 * may reach this point with an OP_CONST where we're expecting
6367 if (cUNOPx(sv)->op_first->op_type == OP_GV
6368 && cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPx(sv)->op_first) == PL_defgv)
6369 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6371 else if (sv->op_type == OP_PADSV) { /* private variable */
6372 iterpflags = sv->op_private & OPpLVAL_INTRO; /* for my $x () */
6373 padoff = sv->op_targ;
6383 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %s for loop variable", PL_op_desc[sv->op_type]);
6385 SV *const namesv = PAD_COMPNAME_SV(padoff);
6387 const char *const name = SvPV_const(namesv, len);
6389 if (len == 2 && name[0] == '$' && name[1] == '_')
6390 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6394 const PADOFFSET offset = pad_findmy_pvs("$_", 0);
6395 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD || PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS_isOUR(offset)) {
6396 sv = newGVOP(OP_GV, 0, PL_defgv);
6401 iterpflags |= OPpITER_DEF;
6403 if (expr->op_type == OP_RV2AV || expr->op_type == OP_PADAV) {
6404 expr = op_lvalue(force_list(scalar(ref(expr, OP_ITER))), OP_GREPSTART);
6405 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
6407 else if (expr->op_type == OP_NULL &&
6408 (expr->op_flags & OPf_KIDS) &&
6409 ((BINOP*)expr)->op_first->op_type == OP_FLOP)
6411 /* Basically turn for($x..$y) into the same as for($x,$y), but we
6412 * set the STACKED flag to indicate that these values are to be
6413 * treated as min/max values by 'pp_iterinit'.
6415 const UNOP* const flip = (UNOP*)((UNOP*)((BINOP*)expr)->op_first)->op_first;
6416 LOGOP* const range = (LOGOP*) flip->op_first;
6417 OP* const left = range->op_first;
6418 OP* const right = left->op_sibling;
6421 range->op_flags &= ~OPf_KIDS;
6422 range->op_first = NULL;
6424 listop = (LISTOP*)newLISTOP(OP_LIST, 0, left, right);
6425 listop->op_first->op_next = range->op_next;
6426 left->op_next = range->op_other;
6427 right->op_next = (OP*)listop;
6428 listop->op_next = listop->op_first;
6431 op_getmad(expr,(OP*)listop,'O');
6435 expr = (OP*)(listop);
6437 iterflags |= OPf_STACKED;
6440 expr = op_lvalue(force_list(expr), OP_GREPSTART);
6443 loop = (LOOP*)list(convert(OP_ENTERITER, iterflags,
6444 op_append_elem(OP_LIST, expr, scalar(sv))));
6445 assert(!loop->op_next);
6446 /* for my $x () sets OPpLVAL_INTRO;
6447 * for our $x () sets OPpOUR_INTRO */
6448 loop->op_private = (U8)iterpflags;
6449 if (loop->op_slabbed
6450 && DIFF(loop, OpSLOT(loop)->opslot_next)
6451 < SIZE_TO_PSIZE(sizeof(LOOP)))
6454 NewOp(1234,tmp,1,LOOP);
6455 Copy(loop,tmp,1,LISTOP);
6456 S_op_destroy(aTHX_ (OP*)loop);
6459 else if (!loop->op_slabbed)
6460 loop = (LOOP*)PerlMemShared_realloc(loop, sizeof(LOOP));
6461 loop->op_targ = padoff;
6462 wop = newWHILEOP(flags, 1, loop, newOP(OP_ITER, 0), block, cont, 0);
6464 op_getmad(madsv, (OP*)loop, 'v');
6469 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newLOOPEX|I32 type|OP *label
6471 Constructs, checks, and returns a loop-exiting op (such as C<goto>
6472 or C<last>). I<type> is the opcode. I<label> supplies the parameter
6473 determining the target of the op; it is consumed by this function and
6474 becomes part of the constructed op tree.
6480 Perl_newLOOPEX(pTHX_ I32 type, OP *label)
6485 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWLOOPEX;
6487 assert((PL_opargs[type] & OA_CLASS_MASK) == OA_LOOPEXOP);
6489 if (type != OP_GOTO) {
6490 /* "last()" means "last" */
6491 if (label->op_type == OP_STUB && (label->op_flags & OPf_PARENS)) {
6492 o = newOP(type, OPf_SPECIAL);
6496 /* Check whether it's going to be a goto &function */
6497 if (label->op_type == OP_ENTERSUB
6498 && !(label->op_flags & OPf_STACKED))
6499 label = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue(label, OP_REFGEN));
6502 /* Check for a constant argument */
6503 if (label->op_type == OP_CONST) {
6504 SV * const sv = ((SVOP *)label)->op_sv;
6506 const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,l);
6507 if (l == strlen(s)) {
6509 SvUTF8(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv),
6511 SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)label)->op_sv)));
6515 /* If we have already created an op, we do not need the label. */
6518 op_getmad(label,o,'L');
6522 else o = newUNOP(type, OPf_STACKED, label);
6524 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
6528 /* if the condition is a literal array or hash
6529 (or @{ ... } etc), make a reference to it.
6532 S_ref_array_or_hash(pTHX_ OP *cond)
6535 && (cond->op_type == OP_RV2AV
6536 || cond->op_type == OP_PADAV
6537 || cond->op_type == OP_RV2HV
6538 || cond->op_type == OP_PADHV))
6540 return newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, op_lvalue(cond, OP_REFGEN));
6543 && (cond->op_type == OP_ASLICE
6544 || cond->op_type == OP_HSLICE)) {
6546 /* anonlist now needs a list from this op, was previously used in
6548 cond->op_flags |= ~(OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_REF);
6549 cond->op_flags |= OPf_WANT_LIST;
6551 return newANONLIST(op_lvalue(cond, OP_ANONLIST));
6558 /* These construct the optree fragments representing given()
6561 entergiven and enterwhen are LOGOPs; the op_other pointer
6562 points up to the associated leave op. We need this so we
6563 can put it in the context and make break/continue work.
6564 (Also, of course, pp_enterwhen will jump straight to
6565 op_other if the match fails.)
6569 S_newGIVWHENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block,
6570 I32 enter_opcode, I32 leave_opcode,
6571 PADOFFSET entertarg)
6577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGIVWHENOP;
6579 NewOp(1101, enterop, 1, LOGOP);
6580 enterop->op_type = (Optype)enter_opcode;
6581 enterop->op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[enter_opcode];
6582 enterop->op_flags = (U8) OPf_KIDS;
6583 enterop->op_targ = ((entertarg == NOT_IN_PAD) ? 0 : entertarg);
6584 enterop->op_private = 0;
6586 o = newUNOP(leave_opcode, 0, (OP *) enterop);
6589 enterop->op_first = scalar(cond);
6590 cond->op_sibling = block;
6592 o->op_next = LINKLIST(cond);
6593 cond->op_next = (OP *) enterop;
6596 /* This is a default {} block */
6597 enterop->op_first = block;
6598 enterop->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6599 o ->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
6601 o->op_next = (OP *) enterop;
6604 CHECKOP(enter_opcode, enterop); /* Currently does nothing, since
6605 entergiven and enterwhen both
6608 enterop->op_next = LINKLIST(block);
6609 block->op_next = enterop->op_other = o;
6614 /* Does this look like a boolean operation? For these purposes
6615 a boolean operation is:
6616 - a subroutine call [*]
6617 - a logical connective
6618 - a comparison operator
6619 - a filetest operator, with the exception of -s -M -A -C
6620 - defined(), exists() or eof()
6621 - /$re/ or $foo =~ /$re/
6623 [*] possibly surprising
6626 S_looks_like_bool(pTHX_ const OP *o)
6630 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_LOOKS_LIKE_BOOL;
6632 switch(o->op_type) {
6635 return looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first);
6639 looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first)
6640 && looks_like_bool(cLOGOPo->op_first->op_sibling));
6645 o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS
6646 && looks_like_bool(cUNOPo->op_first));
6650 case OP_NOT: case OP_XOR:
6652 case OP_EQ: case OP_NE: case OP_LT:
6653 case OP_GT: case OP_LE: case OP_GE:
6655 case OP_I_EQ: case OP_I_NE: case OP_I_LT:
6656 case OP_I_GT: case OP_I_LE: case OP_I_GE:
6658 case OP_SEQ: case OP_SNE: case OP_SLT:
6659 case OP_SGT: case OP_SLE: case OP_SGE:
6663 case OP_FTRREAD: case OP_FTRWRITE: case OP_FTREXEC:
6664 case OP_FTEREAD: case OP_FTEWRITE: case OP_FTEEXEC:
6665 case OP_FTIS: case OP_FTEOWNED: case OP_FTROWNED:
6666 case OP_FTZERO: case OP_FTSOCK: case OP_FTCHR:
6667 case OP_FTBLK: case OP_FTFILE: case OP_FTDIR:
6668 case OP_FTPIPE: case OP_FTLINK: case OP_FTSUID:
6669 case OP_FTSGID: case OP_FTSVTX: case OP_FTTTY:
6670 case OP_FTTEXT: case OP_FTBINARY:
6672 case OP_DEFINED: case OP_EXISTS:
6673 case OP_MATCH: case OP_EOF:
6680 /* Detect comparisons that have been optimized away */
6681 if (cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_yes
6682 || cSVOPo->op_sv == &PL_sv_no)
6695 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newGIVENOP|OP *cond|OP *block|PADOFFSET defsv_off
6697 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<given> block.
6698 I<cond> supplies the expression that will be locally assigned to a lexical
6699 variable, and I<block> supplies the body of the C<given> construct; they
6700 are consumed by this function and become part of the constructed op tree.
6701 I<defsv_off> is the pad offset of the scalar lexical variable that will
6702 be affected. If it is 0, the global $_ will be used.
6708 Perl_newGIVENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block, PADOFFSET defsv_off)
6711 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGIVENOP;
6712 return newGIVWHENOP(
6713 ref_array_or_hash(cond),
6715 OP_ENTERGIVEN, OP_LEAVEGIVEN,
6720 =for apidoc Am|OP *|newWHENOP|OP *cond|OP *block
6722 Constructs, checks, and returns an op tree expressing a C<when> block.
6723 I<cond> supplies the test expression, and I<block> supplies the block
6724 that will be executed if the test evaluates to true; they are consumed
6725 by this function and become part of the constructed op tree. I<cond>
6726 will be interpreted DWIMically, often as a comparison against C<$_>,
6727 and may be null to generate a C<default> block.
6733 Perl_newWHENOP(pTHX_ OP *cond, OP *block)
6735 const bool cond_llb = (!cond || looks_like_bool(cond));
6738 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWWHENOP;
6743 cond_op = newBINOP(OP_SMARTMATCH, OPf_SPECIAL,
6745 scalar(ref_array_or_hash(cond)));
6748 return newGIVWHENOP(cond_op, block, OP_ENTERWHEN, OP_LEAVEWHEN, 0);
6752 Perl_cv_ckproto_len_flags(pTHX_ const CV *cv, const GV *gv, const char *p,
6753 const STRLEN len, const U32 flags)
6755 const char * const cvp =&nb